Awaji Island
Awaji Island is an island in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, in the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea between the islands of Honshū and Shikoku. The island has an area of. It is the largest island of the Seto Inland Sea.
Some scholars, such as Motoori Norinaga, have claimed that the name means "the road to Awa Province ", the historic province bordering the Shikoku side of the Naruto Strait, although this etymology is disputed. Others, including, have interpreted the historical meaning of awa as 粟 "millet", due to a story where the kami Sukunabikona climbs a millet stalk on the island, as told in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki; in these books, the island is referred to as 2= – referencing the Japanese creation myth, where it was the first island created in Japan – and 2=淡路洲, respectively.
Geography
The island is separated from Honshū by the Akashi Strait and from Shikoku by the Naruto Strait. Since April 5, 1998, it has been connected to Kobe on Honshū by the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, the second longest suspension bridge in the world. Since its completion, the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway across the island has been the main eastern land link between Honshū and Shikoku. The Naruto whirlpools form in the strait between Naruto, Tokushima and Awaji.The Nojima Fault, responsible for the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake, cuts across the island. A section of the fault was protected and turned into the Nojima Fault Preservation Museum in the Hokudancho Earthquake Memorial Park to show how the movement in the ground cuts across roads, hedges and other installations. Outside of this protected area, the fault zone is less visible.
The Onaruto Bridge Memorial Museum and the Uzushio Science Museum are located near Fukura.
History
According to the creation myth in Shinto, Awaji was the first of the ōyashima islands born from the kami Izanagi and Izanami. Awaji constituted a province between the 7th and the 19th century, Awaji Province, and was a part of Nankaidō. Today the island consists of three municipalities: Awaji, Sumoto, and Minamiawaji.Awaji Ningyō Jōruri, a form of traditional puppet theater over 500 years old, is performed daily in the Awaji Ningyō Jōruri Hall or "Awaji Puppet Museum" in Minamiawaji, located in the southern part of the island. It is designated an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Japan. The Awaji puppets perform popular traditional dramas but have their origins in religious rituals.
Starting in the 1830s, the local potter Minpei started producing what would come to be known as Awaji ware, a type of Japanese pottery also known as Minpei ware.
Architect Tadao Ando has designed several structures on the island, including Hompuku-ji water temple and the Awaji Yumebutai complex, both located in Awaji City.
In 1995, Awaji Island was the epicenter of the Great Hanshin Earthquake, which killed over 5,500 people. The earthquake caused enormous damage around the northern part of the island, which experienced severe seismic waves of JMA intensity 7. The earthquake was due to the Nojima Fault, located near the epicenter, which was designated a national natural monument in 1998. In 2022, it was designated a IUGS geological heritage site.