Cyclosa


Cyclosa, also called trashline orbweavers, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. Widely distributed worldwide, spiders of the genus Cyclosa build relatively small orb webs with a web decoration. The web decoration in Cyclosa spiders is often linear and includes prey remains and other debris, which probably serve to camouflage the spider. However, some tropical species, including C. longicauda in Peru, construct highly complex, non-linear stabilimenta that resemble the silhouette of a much larger orb-weaving spider. This specific decoy strategy is hypothesized to serve as an advanced anti-predator defense by visual mimicry. The name "Cyclosa" comes from Greek 'to move in a circle', referring to how it spins its web.
While most orb-web spiders face downwards in their web when waiting for prey, some Cyclosa species face upwards.

Species

, this genus includes 178 species and two subspecies:Cyclosa alayoni Levi, 1999 – Cuba, Puerto RicoCyclosa alba Tanikawa, 1992 – JapanCyclosa albisternis Simon, 1888 – India,, Introduced to HawaiiCyclosa albopunctata Kulczyński, 1901 – Eritrea, Indonesia, New CaledoniaCyclosa algerica Simon, 1885 – Portugal, Spain, France, Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Azerbaijan, IranCyclosa anatipes – Australia, PalauCyclosa andinas Levi, 1999 – Colombia, EcuadorCyclosa angusta Tanikawa, 1992 – JapanCyclosa anjing Mi, Wang & Li, 2024 – ChinaCyclosa apoblepta – Australia Cyclosa argentaria – Australia Cyclosa argentata Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 – TaiwanCyclosa argenteoalba Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Russia, Cyclosa atrata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – China, Korea, Japan, Russia, Cyclosa baakea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesCyclosa bacilliformis Simon, 1908 – Australia Cyclosa banawensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesCyclosa berlandi Levi, 1999 – United States, Hispaniola, EcuadorCyclosa bianchoria Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – ChinaCyclosa bifida – India, Philippines and Indonesia Cyclosa bifurcata – Costa Rica, Hispaniola, ArgentinaCyclosa bihamata F. Zhang, M. S. Zhang & Zhu, 2010 – ChinaCyclosa bilobata Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2012 – IndiaCyclosa bituberculata Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998 – BangladeshCyclosa bulla Tanikawa & Petcharad, 2018 – Thailand, Singapore, BruneiCyclosa bulleri – Papua New GuineaCyclosa cajamarca Levi, 1999 – PeruCyclosa caligata – Indonesia Cyclosa camargoi Levi, 1999 – BrazilCyclosa camelodes – Seychelles, Indonesia Cyclosa caroli – United States, Caribbean, BoliviaCyclosa centrifaciens Hingston, 1927 – MyanmarCyclosa centrodes – India, SingaporeCyclosa cephalodina Song & Liu, 1996 – ChinaCyclosa chichawatniensis Mukhtar & Mushtaq, 2005 – PakistanCyclosa circumlucens Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and PríncipeCyclosa concolor Caporiacco, 1933 – LibyaCyclosa confraga – Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Singapore, VietnamCyclosa confusa Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – China, Korea, Taiwan, JapanCyclosa conica – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Iran, Central Asia, China. Introduced to South Africa Cyclosa conigera F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 – Mexico, HondurasCyclosa coylei Levi, 1999 – Mexico, GuatemalaCyclosa cucurbitoria – China, ThailandCyclosa cucurbitula Simon, 1900 – HawaiiCyclosa curiraba Levi, 1999 – BoliviaCyclosa cylindrata Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995 – ChinaCyclosa cylindrifaciens Hingston, 1927 – MyanmarCyclosa damingensis Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995 – ChinaCyclosa daodai Mi, Wang & Li, 2024 – ChinaCyclosa deserticola Levy, 1998 – Egypt, IsraelCyclosa dianasilvae Levi, 1999 – Ecuador, PeruCyclosa diversa – Mexico, Cuba, ArgentinaCyclosa dives Simon, 1877 – China, PhilippinesCyclosa donking Levi, 1999 – BoliviaCyclosa dosbukolea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesCyclosa durango Levi, 1999 – MexicoCyclosa elongata Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998 – BangladeshCyclosa espumoso Levi, 1999 – BrazilCyclosa fililineata Hingston, 1932 – Panama, ArgentinaCyclosa formosa Karsch, 1879 – West AfricaCyclosa formosana Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 – TaiwanCyclosa ginnaga Yaginuma, 1959 – Russia, Korea, Japan, China, TaiwanCyclosa gossypiata Keswani, 2013 – IndiaCyclosa groppalii Pesarini, 1998 – Spain, Greece Cyclosa gulinensis Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995 – ChinaCyclosa haiti Levi, 1999 – Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico Cyclosa hamulata Tanikawa, 1992 – Russia, JapanCyclosa hexatuberculata Tikader, 1982 – Pakistan, IndiaCyclosa huila Levi, 1999 – ColombiaCyclosa imias Levi, 1999 – CubaCyclosa inca Levi, 1999 – Colombia, Peru, ArgentinaCyclosa informis Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995 – ChinaCyclosa insulana – Mediterranean, Japan, India, Papua New Guinea, Australia, St. Helena, South Africa, EswatiniCyclosa ipilea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesCyclosa jalapa Levi, 1999 – MexicoCyclosa japonica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Russia, China, Korea, Taiwan, JapanCyclosa jose Levi, 1999 – Costa RicaCyclosa kashmirica Caporiacco, 1934 – Pakistan Cyclosa kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910 – Central, East Africa, SeychellesCyclosa koi Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 – TaiwanCyclosa krusa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Pakistan, India, PhilippinesCyclosa kumadai Tanikawa, 1992 – Russia, Korea, JapanCyclosa laticauda Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – China, Korea, Taiwan, JapanCyclosa lawrencei Caporiacco, 1949 – KenyaCyclosa libertad Levi, 1999 – Ecuador, PeruCyclosa lichensis – Australia Cyclosa litoralis – Vanuatu, Samoa, Fiji, TahitiCyclosa longicauda – Colombia, Peru, ArgentinaCyclosa longquan Mi, Wang & Li, 2024 – ChinaCyclosa machadinho Levi, 1999 – Brazil, ArgentinaCyclosa maderiana Kulczyński, 1899 – Madeira, Canary IslandsCyclosa maritima Tanikawa, 1992 – JapanCyclosa mavaca Levi, 1999 – Colombia, VenezuelaCyclosa meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – TanzaniaCyclosa micula – India, SingaporeCyclosa minora Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995 – ChinaCyclosa mocoa Levi, 1999 – ColombiaCyclosa mohini Dyal, 1935 – PakistanCyclosa monteverde Levi, 1999 – Costa Rica, PanamaCyclosa monticola Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Russia, Cyclosa moonduensis Tikader, 1963 – IndiaCyclosa morretes Levi, 1999 – BrazilCyclosa mulmeinensis – Asia Cyclosa neilensis Tikader, 1977 – IndiaCyclosa nevada Levi, 1999 – ColombiaCyclosa nigra Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China, VietnamCyclosa nodosa – Guatemala, Costa RicaCyclosa norihisai Tanikawa, 1992 – China, JapanCyclosa oatesi – Myanmar Cyclosa octotuberculata Karsch, 1879 – China, Korea, Taiwan, JapanCyclosa oculata – Europe, Russia, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China. Introduced to South Africa, HawaiiCyclosa odateana Kishida, 1915 – JapanCyclosa ojeda Levi, 1999 – CuraçaoCyclosa okumae Tanikawa, 1992 – Russia, Korea, JapanCyclosa olivenca Levi, 1999 – BrazilCyclosa olorina Simon, 1900 – HawaiiCyclosa omonaga Tanikawa, 1992 – China, Korea, Taiwan, JapanCyclosa onoi Tanikawa, 1992 – Russia, China, Korea, JapanCyclosa oseret Levi, 1999 – BrazilCyclosa otsomarka Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesCyclosa pantanal Levi, 1999 – BrazilCyclosa parangmulmeinensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesCyclosa parangtarugoa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesCyclosa paupercula Simon, 1893 – Malaysia Cyclosa pedropalo Levi, 1999 – ColombiaCyclosa pellaxoides Roewer, 1942 – SingaporeCyclosa pentatuberculata Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995 – ChinaCyclosa perkinsi Simon, 1900 – HawaiiCyclosa picchu Levi, 1999 – PeruCyclosa pichilinque Levi, 1999 – MexicoCyclosa poweri – Australia Cyclosa pseudoculata Schenkel, 1936 – ChinaCyclosa psylla – Myanmar, JapanCyclosa punctata Keyserling, 1879 – BrazilCyclosa punjabiensis Ghafoor & Beg, 2002 – PakistanCyclosa purnai Keswani, 2013 – IndiaCyclosa pusilla Simon, 1880 – New CaledoniaCyclosa quinqueguttata – India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, TaiwanCyclosa reniformis Zhu, Lian & Chen, 2006 – ChinaCyclosa rostrata Zhou & Zhang, 2017 – ChinaCyclosa rubronigra Caporiacco, 1947 – Costa Rica, BrazilCyclosa sachikoae Tanikawa, 1992 – Japan, ChinaCyclosa saismarka Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Pakistan, PhilippinesCyclosa sanctibenedicti – RéunionCyclosa santafe Levi, 1999 – ColombiaCyclosa sedeculata Karsch, 1879 – Russia, China, Korea, JapanCyclosa senticauda Zhu & Wang, 1994 – ChinaCyclosa serena Levi, 1999 – Chile, ArgentinaCyclosa seriata – Indonesia Cyclosa shinoharai Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 – TaiwanCyclosa sierrae Simon, 1870 – Southern Europe, Hungary, Ukraine, Turkey, Caucasus, IranCyclosa simoni Tikader, 1982 – IndiaCyclosa simplicicauda Simon, 1900 – Hawaii