September 30
Events
Pre-1600
- 489 - The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time.
- 737 - The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their baggage train.
- 1139 - A magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes the Caucasus mountains in the Seljuk Empire, causing mass destruction and killing up to 300,000 people.
- 1342 - Battle of Morlaix is fought in the Hundred Years' War.
- 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed king of England.
- 1520 - Suleiman the Magnificent becomes sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
- 1541 - Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto and his forces enter Tula territory in present-day western Arkansas, encountering fierce resistance.
- 1551 - A coup by the military establishment of Japan's Ōuchi clan forces their lord to commit suicide, and their city is burned.
1601–1900
- 1736 - The Lebanese Council of 1736 begins, a major turning point in the reform of the Maronite Church. In the following three days, the assembled Maronite and Latin clergy presided by Yusuf ibn Siman as-Simani discuss various reforms and elaborate rules and canons.
- 1744 - War of the Austrian Succession: France and Spain defeat Sardinia at the Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo, but soon have to withdraw from Sardinia.
- 1791 - The first performance of Mozart's opera The Magic Flute takes place two months before his death.
- 1791 - France's National Constituent Assembly is dissolved, to be replaced the next day by the National Legislative Assembly.
- 1863 - Georges Bizet's opera Les pêcheurs de perles, premieres in Paris.
- 1882 - Thomas Edison's first commercial hydroelectric power plant, the Vulcan Street Plant, begins operation.
- 1888 - Jack the Ripper kills his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes.
1901–present
- 1906 - The Royal Galician Academy, the Galician language's biggest linguistic authority, is established in La Coruña, Spain.
- 1907 - The McKinley National Memorial, the final resting place of assassinated U.S. President William McKinley and his family, is dedicated in Canton, Ohio.
- 1909 - The Cunard Line's RMS Mauretania makes a record-breaking westbound crossing of the Atlantic, that will not be bettered for 20 years.
- 1915 - World War I: Radoje Ljutovac becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft with ground-to-air fire.
- 1918 - Ukrainian War of Independence: Insurgent forces led by Nestor Makhno defeats the Central Powers at the battle of Dibrivka.
- 1935 - The Hoover Dam, astride the border between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, is dedicated.
- 1936 – American journalists Herbert R. Ekins, reporter for the New York World-Telegram, Dorothy Kilgallen of the New York Journal and Leo Kieran of The New York Times start the race to travel around the world on commercial airline flights. The race takes 18 ½ days.
- 1938 - Britain, France, Germany and Italy sign the Munich Agreement, whereby Germany annexes the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
- 1938 - The League of Nations unanimously outlaws "intentional bombings of civilian populations".
- 1939 - World War II: General Władysław Sikorski becomes prime minister of the Polish government-in-exile.
- 1939 - NBC broadcasts the first televised American football game.
- 1941 - World War II: The Babi Yar massacre comes to an end.
- 1943 - The United States Merchant Marine Academy is dedicated by President Roosevelt.
- 1944 - World War II: the Germans commence a counter offensive to retake the Nijmegen salient, this having been captured by the allies during Operation Market Garden.
- 1945 - The Bourne End rail crash, in Hertfordshire, England, kills 43.
- 1947 - The 1947 World Series begins. It is the first to be televised, to include an African-American player, to exceed $2 million in receipts, to see a pinch-hit home run, and to have six umpires on the field.
- 1947 - Pakistan joins the United Nations.
- 1949 - The Berlin Airlift ends.
- 1954 - The U.S. Navy submarine is commissioned as the world's first nuclear-powered vessel.
- 1960 - The Flintstones animated sitcom premieres on ABC television.
- 1966 - Bechuanaland declares its independence, and becomes the Republic of Botswana.
- 1968 - The Boeing 747 is rolled out and shown to the public for the first time.
- 1970 - Jordan makes a deal with the PFLP for the release of the remaining hostages from the Dawson's Field hijackings.
- 1975 - Malév Flight 240 crashes into the Mediterranean Sea while on approach to Beirut International Airport in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 60.
- 1978 - Finnair Flight 405 is hijacked by Aarno Lamminparras in Oulu, Finland.
- 1980 - Ethernet specifications are published by Xerox working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation.
- 1993 - The 6.2 Latur earthquake shakes Maharashtra, India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII killing 9,748 and injuring 30,000.
- 1994 - Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on STS-68.
- 1999 - The Tokaimura nuclear accident causes the deaths of two technicians in Japan's second-worst nuclear accident.
- 2000 - Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Twelve-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah is shot and killed on the second day of the Second Intifada.
- 2005 - Controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in a Danish newspaper.
- 2009 - The 7.6 Sumatra earthquake leaves 1,115 people dead.
- 2016 - Hurricane Matthew becomes a Category 5 hurricane, making it the strongest hurricane to form in the Caribbean Sea since 2007.
- 2016 - Two paintings with a combined value of $100 million are recovered after having been stolen from the Van Gogh Museum in 2002.
Births
Pre-1600
- 1207 - Rumi, Persian mystic and poet
- 1227 - Pope Nicholas IV
- 1530 - Girolamo Mercuriale, Italian philologist and physician
- 1550 - Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician
1601–1900
- 1622 - Johann Sebastiani, German composer
- 1689 - Jacques Aubert, French violinist and composer
- 1700 - Stanisław Konarski, Polish monk, poet, and playwright
- 1710 - John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, English politician, Lord President of the Council
- 1714 - Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French epistemologist and philosopher
- 1732 - Jacques Necker, Swiss-French politician, Prime Minister of France
- 1743 - Christian Ehregott Weinlig, German cantor and composer
- 1765 - José María Morelos, Mexican priest and general
- 1800 - Decimus Burton, English architect, designed the Pharos Lighthouse
- 1813 - John Rae, Scottish physician and explorer
- 1814 - Lucinda Hinsdale Stone, American feminist, educator, and philanthropist
- 1827 - Ellis H. Roberts, American journalist and politician, 20th Treasurer of the United States
- 1827 - Peter Ward, New York politician
- 1832 - Ann Jarvis, American activist, co-founded Mother's Day
- 1836 - Remigio Morales Bermúdez, Peruvian politician, 56th President of Peru
- 1852 - Charles Villiers Stanford, Irish composer, conductor, and educator
- 1861 - William Wrigley Jr., American businessman, founded Wrigley Company
- 1863 - Reinhard Scheer, German admiral
- 1870 - Thomas W. Lamont, American banker and philanthropist
- 1870 - Jean Baptiste Perrin, French-American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1882 - Hans Geiger, German physicist and academic
- 1883 - Bernhard Rust, German educator and politician
- 1883 - Nora Stanton Blatch Barney, American civil engineer, architect, and suffragist
- 1887 - Lil Dagover, Indonesian-German actress
- 1893 - Lansdale Ghiselin Sasscer, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician
- 1895 - Lewis Milestone, Moldovan-American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1897 - Alfred Wintle, Russian-English soldier and politician
- 1897 - Charlotte Wolff, German-English physician and psychotherapist
- 1898 - Renée Adorée, French-American actress
- 1898 - Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois
- 1898 - Edgar Parin d'Aulaire, German-American author and illustrator
1901–present
- 1901 - Thelma Terry, American bassist and bandleader
- 1904 - Waldo Williams, Welsh poet and academic
- 1905 - Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1905 - Michael Powell, English director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1906 - Mireille Hartuch, French singer-songwriter and actress
- 1908 - David Oistrakh, Ukrainian-Russian violinist and educator
- 1910 - Jussi Kekkonen, Finnish captain
- 1911 - Gustave Gilbert, American psychologist
- 1912 - Kenny Baker, American singer and actor
- 1913 - Bill Walsh, American screenwriter and producer
- 1915 - Lester Maddox, American businessman and politician, 75th Governor of Georgia
- 1917 - Yuri Lyubimov, Russian actor and director
- 1917 - Buddy Rich, American drummer, bandleader, and actor
- 1918 - Lewis Nixon, U.S. Army captain
- 1918 - René Rémond, French historian and economist
- 1919 - Roberto Bonomi, Argentinian race car driver
- 1919 - Elizabeth Gilels, Ukrainian-Russian violinist and educator
- 1919 - William L. Guy, American lieutenant and politician, 26th Governor of North Dakota
- 1919 - Patricia Neway, American soprano and actress
- 1921 - Deborah Kerr, Scottish-English actress
- 1921 - Aldo Parisot, Brazilian-American cellist and educator
- 1922 - Lamont Johnson, American actor, director, and producer
- 1922 - Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1923 - Donald Swann, Welsh-English pianist and composer
- 1924 - Truman Capote, American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter
- 1925 - Arkady Ostashev, Russian engineer and scientist in the former Soviet space program
- 1926 - Heino Kruus, Estonian basketball player and coach
- 1926 - Robin Roberts, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
- 1927 - W. S. Merwin, American poet and translator
- 1928 - Elie Wiesel, Romanian-American author, academic, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1928 - Ray Willsey, Canadian-American football player and coach
- 1929 - Carol Fenner, American author and illustrator
- 1929 - Vassilis Papazachos, Greek seismologist and academic
- 1929 - Leticia Ramos-Shahani, Filipino politician, diplomat and writer
- 1929 - Dorothee Sölle, German theologian and author
- 1931 - Angie Dickinson, American actress
- 1931 - Teresa Gorman, English educator and politician
- 1932 - Shintaro Ishihara, Japanese author, playwright, and politician, Governor of Tokyo
- 1932 - Johnny Podres, American baseball player and coach
- 1933 - Cissy Houston, American singer
- 1934 - Alan A'Court, English footballer and manager
- 1934 - Udo Jürgens, Austrian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist
- 1934 - Anna Kashfi, Indian-American actress
- 1935 - Johnny Mathis, American singer and actor
- 1936 - Jim Sasser, American lawyer and politician, 6th United States Ambassador to China
- 1936 - Sevgi Soysal, Turkish author
- 1937 - Jurek Becker, Polish-German author
- 1937 - Valentyn Sylvestrov, Ukrainian pianist and composer
- 1937 - Gary Hocking, Rhodesian motorcycle racer
- 1938 - Alan Hacker, English clarinet player and educator
- 1939 - Len Cariou, Canadian actor
- 1939 - Anthony Green, English painter and academic
- 1939 - Jean-Marie Lehn, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1940 - Claudia Card, American philosopher and academic
- 1940 - Harry Jerome, Canadian sprinter
- 1940 - Dewey Martin, Canadian-American drummer
- 1941 - Samuel F. Pickering Jr., American author and educator
- 1941 - Kamalesh Sharma, Indian academic and diplomat, 5th Commonwealth Secretary General
- 1941 - Reine Wisell, Swedish race car driver
- 1942 - Gus Dudgeon, English record producer
- 1942 - Frankie Lymon, American singer-songwriter
- 1943 - Johann Deisenhofer, German-American biochemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1943 - Marilyn McCoo, American singer
- 1943 - Philip Moore, English organist and composer
- 1943 - Ian Ogilvy, English-American actor, playwright, and author
- 1944 - Diane Dufresne, Canadian singer and painter
- 1944 - Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish footballer
- 1944 - Red Robbins, American basketball player
- 1945 - Richard Edwin Hills, English astronomer and academic
- 1945 - Ehud Olmert, Israeli lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Israel
- 1946 - Fran Brill, American actress, singer, and puppeteer
- 1946 - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury, English academic and politician, Leader of the House of Lords
- 1946 - Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter
- 1946 - Jochen Mass, German race car driver
- 1946 - Paul Sheahan, Australian cricketer and educator
- 1946 - Claude Vorilhon, French journalist, founded Raëlism
- 1947 - Marc Bolan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1947 - Rula Lenska, English actress
- 1948 - Craig Kusick, American baseball player and coach
- 1949 - Michel Tognini, French pilot, engineer, military officer and astronaut
- 1950 - Laura Esquivel, Mexican author and screenwriter
- 1950 - Victoria Tennant, English actress and dancer
- 1951 - John Lloyd, English screenwriter and producer
- 1951 - Barry Marshall, Australian physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1951 - Simon White, English astrophysicist and academic
- 1952 - John Finn, American actor
- 1952 - John Lombardo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1953 - Matt Abts, American drummer
- 1953 - Deborah Allen, American country music singer-songwriter, author, and actress
- 1954 - Basia, Polish singer-songwriter and record producer
- 1954 - John Drew, American basketball player
- 1954 - Scott Fields, American guitarist and composer
- 1954 - Patrice Rushen, American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1954 - Barry Williams, American actor
- 1955 - Andy Bechtolsheim, German engineer, co-founded Sun Microsystems
- 1955 - Frankie Kennedy, Northern Irish flute player
- 1956 - Trevor Morgan, English footballer and manager
- 1957 - Fran Drescher, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
- 1958 - Marty Stuart, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1959 - Ettore Messina, Italian basketball player and coach
- 1960 - Julia Adamson, Canadian-English keyboard player, composer, and producer
- 1960 - Nicola Griffith, English-American author
- 1960 - Miki Howard, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
- 1960 - Blanche Lincoln, American politician
- 1961 - Crystal Bernard, American actress and singer-songwriter
- 1961 - Gary Coyne, Australian rugby league player
- 1961 - Eric Stoltz, American actor, director, and producer
- 1961 - Mel Stride, English politician
- 1961 - Eric van de Poele, Belgian race car driver
- 1962 - Marley Marl, American record producer and rapper
- 1963 - David Barbe, American bass player and producer
- 1964 - Trey Anastasio, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and composer
- 1964 - Monica Bellucci, Italian actress and fashion model
- 1965 - Omid Djalili, English comedian, actor, and producer
- 1966 - Gary Armstrong, Scottish rugby player
- 1966 - Markus Burger, German pianist, composer, and educator
- 1966 - Club Chalamet, American social media personality
- 1966 - Angus Taylor, Australian politician
- 1967 - Emmanuelle Houdart, Swiss-French author and illustrator
- 1967 - Gibby Haynes, American musician, radio personality and painter
- 1967 - Andrea Roth, Canadian actress
- 1969 - Gintaras Einikis, Lithuanian basketball player
- 1969 - Amy Landecker, American actress
- 1969 - Silas Weir Mitchell, American actor
- 1969 - Chris von Erich, American wrestler
- 1970 - Tony Hale, American actor and producer
- 1970 - Damian Mori, Australian footballer and manager
- 1970 - Eric Piatkowski, American basketball player
- 1971 - Jenna Elfman, American actress and producer
- 1972 - Jamal Anderson, American football player and sportscaster
- 1972 - Ari Behn, Danish-Norwegian author and playwright
- 1972 - Mayumi Kojima, Japanese singer-songwriter
- 1972 - José Lima, Dominican baseball player
- 1973 - Rubén Wolkowyski, Argentine basketball player
- 1974 - Jeremy Giambi, American baseball player
- 1974 - Tom Greatrex, English politician
- 1974 - Daniel Wu, American–born Hong Kong actor, director, and producer
- 1975 - Jay Asher, American author
- 1975 - Ta-Nehisi Coates, American author and journalist
- 1975 - Marion Cotillard, French actress and singer
- 1975 - Carlos Guillén, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1975 - Laure Pequegnot, French skier
- 1975 - Christopher Jackson, American actor, singer, musician, and composer
- 1977 - Roy Carroll, Northern Irish goalkeeper and manager
- 1977 - Nick Curran, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1978 - Małgorzata Glinka-Mogentale, Polish volleyball player
- 1978 - Candice Michelle, American wrestler
- 1979 - Cameron Bruce, Australian footballer and coach
- 1979 - Andy van der Meyde, Dutch footballer
- 1980 - Martina Hingis, Swiss tennis player
- 1980 - Milagros Sequera, Venezuelan tennis player
- 1980 - Toni Trucks, American actress
- 1981 - Cecelia Ahern, Irish author
- 1981 - Dominique Moceanu, American gymnast
- 1982 - Lacey Chabert, American actress
- 1982 - Ryane Clowe, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1982 - Kieran Culkin, American actor
- 1982 - Andrew Hastie, Australian politician
- 1982 - Seth Smith, American baseball player
- 1983 - Adam Jones, American football player and analyst
- 1983 - Andreea Răducan, Romanian gymnast
- 1984 - T-Pain, American rapper, producer, and actor
- 1985 - Adam Cooney, Australian footballer
- 1985 - Téa Obreht, Serbian-American author
- 1985 - Cristian Rodríguez, Uruguayan footballer
- 1986 - Olivier Giroud, French footballer
- 1986 - Martin Guptill, New Zealand cricketer
- 1986 - Ben Lovett, Welsh musician and songwriter
- 1986 - Cristián Zapata, Colombian footballer
- 1987 - Aida Garifullina, Russian operatic soprano
- 1987 - Kenley Jansen, Curaçaoan baseball player
- 1988 - Natalie Eggermont, Belgian politician
- 1989 - Jasmine Thomas, American basketball player
- 1991 - David Bakhtiari, American football player
- 1991 - Joffrey Lauvergne, French basketball player
- 1991 - Thomas Röhler, German javelin thrower
- 1992 - Bria Hartley, French-American basketball player
- 1992 - Ezra Miller, American actor and singer
- 1994 - Aliya Mustafina, Russian gymnast
- 1996 - Aaron Holiday, American basketball player
- 1997 - Yana Kudryavtseva, Russian gymnast
- 1997 - Max Verstappen, Dutch race car driver
- 1998 - Landon Dickerson, American football player
- 1998 - Yui Imaizumi, Japanese actress, singer, model, and television personality
- 1998 - Trevi Moran, American YouTuber and singer
- 2002 - Levi Miller, Australian actor and model
- 2002 - Maddie Ziegler, American dancer and actress
- 2003 - Alberto Moleiro, Spanish footballer