1449
Year 1449 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 2 - King Henry VI of England summons the members of parliament, directing them to assemble on February 12 at Westminster.
- January 6 - Constantine XI Palaiologos is crowned Byzantine Emperor at Mistra; he will be the last in a line of rulers that can be traced to the founding of Rome.
- February 12 -The English Parliament is opened by King Henry VI at Westminster for a five month session.
- February - Alexăndrel seizes the throne of Moldavia, with the support of the boyars.
- March 24 - Hundred Years' War: English forces capture Fougères in Brittany.
April–June
- April 7 - The last Antipope, Felix V, abdicates.
- April 19 - Pope Nicholas V is elected by the Council of Basel.
- April 25 - The Council of Basel dissolves itself.
- May - An English privateering fleet led by Robert Wennington challenges ships of the Hanseatic League.
- May 14 - Second Siege of Sfetigrad : The Albanian garrison surrenders and the Ottomans seize the fortress.
- May 20 - Battle of Alfarrobeira: King Afonso V of Portugal defeats the forces of Peter, Duke of Coimbra.
- June 4 - Erik of Pomerania, formerly the King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, hands over possession of the island of Gotland to the Swedish invaders.
- June 8 - The Pas de la Bergère tournament, later the subject of a poem by Louis de Beauvau, finishes after six days at Tarascon on the island of Jarnègues at the estate of the Duke René of Anjou.
- June 18 - Mary of Guelders arrives in Scotland at Leith after being escorted from the Duchy of Burgundy to Scotland following her selection by Lord Crichton
July–September
- July 3 - King James II of Scotland marries Mary of Guelders at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh.
- July 6 - The Ambrosian Republic of Milan defeats the armies of the Swiss canton of Uri at the Battle of Castione in what is now Switzerland.
- July 16 - The English Parliament closes and King Henry VI gives royal assent to numerous acts passed during its five-month session. Becoming law are the Importation Act, a 7-year ban on the import of Netherlands merchandise from Holland, Zeeland and Brabant, and the Distress Act, making it a felony "for any Welsh or Lancashire man to take other men, their goods or chattels, under colour of distress, where they have no cause."
- July 20 - News arrives at the imperial court of the Emperor Yingzong of China of a Mongol invasion from the north, led by the Khagan Esen Taishi. Yingzong orders the dispatch of 45,000 soldiers from the Beijing garrison, led by four generals, to advance to Datong and Xuanfu to guard the border.
- July - Hundred Years' War: The French invade Normandy.
- August 1 - After getting word that the Mongols had launched a large-scale invasion at Datong, China's Emperor Yingzong decides to personally lead the Beijing garrison into war, despite the protests of his War Minister Kuang Ye.
- August 3 - The Emperor Yingzong designates his younger brother, Zhu Qiyu, to administer the Chinese Empire.
- August 13 - First Margrave War: Margrave Albrecht takes Lichtenau Fortress from Nuremberg.
- September 1 - Battle of Tumu Fortress: The Oirat Mongols defeat the Ming dynasty army, and capture the Emperor Xingzong of China on September 3. The Emperor is officially deposed, while his brother Zhu Qiyu ascends as the Jingtai Emperor the next year.
October–December
- October 12 - Prince Alexăndrel is replaced as Prince of Moldavia by Bogdan II.
- October 29 - The French recapture Rouen from the English.