Timeline of Hamburg

Prior to 16th century

• 831 – Bishopric established.
• 845 – Town sacked by Norsemen.
• 1189
• * Adolf III of Holstein gets charter from Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I that gives Hamburg a court, jurisdiction, and fishing rights.
• * St. Peter's Church built.
• 1190 – Alster dam installed.
• 1201 – Hamburg occupied by forces of Valdemar II of Denmark.
• 1223 – Archbishopric relocated from Hamburg to Bremen.
• 1241 – Lübeck-Hamburg alliance established.
• 1248 – Fire.
• 1256 – St. Catherine's Church active.
• 1284 – 5 August: Fire.
• 1286 – 24 April: acquires rights to maintain permanent fire on Neuwerk.
• 1299 – 1 November: allowed to build a fortified tower, the new work.
• 1310 – completion of the Great Tower Neuwerk.
• 1329 – St. Mary's Cathedral consecrated.
• 1350 – Black Death.
• 1356 – begins.
• 1375 – Grocers' Guild formed.
• 1390 – Public clock installed.
• 1410 – Constitution of Hamburg established.
• 1412 –.
• 1418 – St. Peter's Church rebuilt.
• 1479 – established in the Town Hall.
• 1491 – Printing press in operation.
• 1500 – City expands its borders.

16th–18th centuries

• 1510 – Hamburg becomes an imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1529
• * Protestant Reformation.
• * Council of citizens established.
• * Johanneum founded.
• 1536 – Hamburg joins Schmalkaldic League.
• 1558 – Hamburg Stock Exchange established.
• 1567 – Trade with the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London established.
• 1590 – Berenberg Bank founded.
• 1615 – City walls extended around Hamburg-Neustadt.
• 1619 – Bank of Hamburg founded.
• 1630 – Bremen–Lübeck–Hamburg defensive alliance formed.
• 1654 – in use.
• 1663 – Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen magazine begins publication.
• 1665 – Hamburg Chamber of Commerce founded.
• 1669
• * St. Michael's Church built.
• * launched.
• 1678 – Oper am Gänsemarkt opens; premiere of Theile's opera Adam und Eva.
• 1679 – Coffee house in business.
• 1705 – Premiere of Handel's opera Almira.
• 1710 – established.
• 1712 – Plague.
• 1735 – founded.
• 1762
• * City occupied by Danish forces.
• * St. Michael's Church built.
• 1765
• * and Patriotic Club founded.
• * Komödienhaus built.
• 1767 – Hamburgische Entreprise established.
• 1778 – Hamburger Ersparungskasse established.
• 1787 – City directory published.
• 1789 – Clubbs der Freundschaft founded.
• 1790 – United States consulate established.
• 1792 – formed.
• 1799 – H. J. Merck & Co. in business.

19th century

1800s–1840s

• 1805 – founded.
• 1806 – 19 November: French occupation of city begins.
• 1810 – Hoffmann und Campe publisher in business.
• 1811
• * 9th French-Polish Uhlan Regiment founded in Hamburg.
• * City becomes capital of the French Bouches-de-l'Elbe department.
• 1813
• * Siege of Hamburg.
• * Hamburg Women's Association established.
• 1814 – Hamburg Citizen Militia and Hamburg Police formed.
• 1815 – 8 June: City becomes a member state of the German Confederation.
• 1821 – Lehmann's botanical garden established.
• 1823
• *Hospital built in St. George.
• *Altona Observatory founded by Heinrich Christian Schumacher.
• 1825 – February flood of 1825.
• 1827 – City Theatre opens.
• 1828 – Hamburg Philharmonic Society formed.
• 1833 – Rauhes Haus founded.
• 1834 – Johanneum building constructed.
• 1835 – Coat of arms of Hamburg redesigned.
• 1838 – English Church built.
• 1839 – Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte founded.
• 1840
• * Gymnasium founded.
• * Population: 136,956.
• 1841 – Circus Gymnasticus opens.
• 1842
• * Exchange built.
• * 5–8 May: Great Fire of Hamburg.
• 1843
• * Thalía Theatre built.
• * established.
• 1845 – shopping arcade built.
• 1846 – Berliner Railway Station established.
• 1847
• * Hamburg America Line in business.
• * Patriotic Club building constructed.
• * Pestalozzi-Stiftung Hamburg founded
• 1848 – in business.
• 1849
• * newspaper begins publication.
• * St. Peter's Church rebuilt again.

1850s–1890s

• 1850 – Kunsthalle opens.
• 1855 – January: Flood.
• 1856 – North German Bank and Union Bank established.
• 1859
• * built.
• * Hamburg Frauenchor founded.
• 1861
• * Museum Godeffroy opens.
• * Population: 178,841.
• 1863
• * ' newspaper in publication.
• * Zoological Garden of Hamburg opens.
• * Rebuilt St. Nicholas' Church dedicated.
• 1865
• * Lübeck–Hamburg railway begins operating; Lübecker Railway Station established.
• * built.
• 1866
• * Horsecar tram begins operating.
• * established.
• * 21 August: City becomes part of the North German Confederation.
• 1867 – Trabrennbahn Bahrenfeld built.
• 1868 – St. Georg becomes part of city.
• 1869 – Horner Rennbahn and Kunsthalle built.
• 1871
• * City becomes part of the German Empire.
• * Population: 240,251.
• * branch established.
• 1872 – Venloer Railway Station established.
• 1873
• * Photographic Society founded.
• * Frei Hafen bridge constructed.
• 1874 – Hagenbeck's zoo opens.
• 1877
• * Ohlsdorf Cemetery established near city.
• * Blohm + Voss shipbuilders in business near city.
• 1878 – Museum for Art and Industry founded.
• 1879
• * headquartered in Hamburg.
• * Holsten Brewery in business.
• 1880 – Steinway & Sons piano factory in operation.
• 1883 – Speicherstadt construction begins in the Port of Hamburg.
• 1887
• * ' newspaper begins publication.
• * Sport-Club Germania Hamburg founded.
• * Central post office built.
• 1888
• * Hamburg joins German Customs Union.
• * Harbourworks and iron bridge constructed.
• * Free Port opens.
• 1889 – 15 May: Exhibition of Trade and Industry opens.
• 1890
• * German East Africa Line in business.
• * May: Gas-worker strike.
• * Population: 323,923.
• 1891 – Natural History Museum built.
• 1892
• *.
• * German Open Tennis Championships begin.
• * Hamburger Dom relocated to Heiligengeistfeld fair ground.
• 1894 – St. Pauli becomes part of city.
• 1896
• * November: Dockworker strike.
• * rebuilt.
• 1897 – Hamburg Rathaus built.
• 1898 – Hamburg-Altona railway station opens.
• 1899 – founded.
• 1900
• * Institute for Maritime and Tropical Diseases opens.
• * Shipbuilding school founded.

20th century

1900–1945

• 1901 – Civil law courts built.
• 1904 – American Businessmen's Club of Hamburg founded.
• 1905 – Population: 802,793.
• 1906
• * Hamburg Hauptbahnhof opens.
• * Altona-Hamburg railway begins operating.
• 1907
• * Tierpark Hagenbeck established.
• * Stadion Hoheluft opens.
• 1908
• * Hamburg Colonial Institute established.
• * Music Hall inaugurated.
• * Simplo Fullfeder pen company relocates to Hamburg.
• 1909 – Hotel Atlantic in business.
• 1910 – Sportplatz at Rothenbaum opens.
• 1911 – Hamburg Airport and Elbe Tunnel open.
• 1912
• * Hamburg U-Bahn begins operating.
• * Hamburg-Bergedorf Observatory dedicated.
• * Hamburg-Mannheimer Insurance Corporation in business.
• 1913
• * 3 April: Vaterland passenger ship launched.
• * Gewerkschaftlich-Genossenschaftliche Versicherungsaktiengesellschaft in business.
• 1914 – Hamburg Stadtpark opens.
• 1918
• * Hamburg Kammerspiele founded.
• * Hamburger Volkszeitung newspaper begins publication.
• 1919 – University of Hamburg and Hamburger Sport-Verein established.
• 1921 – Consulate of Poland founded.
• 1922 – Museum of Hamburg History opens.
• 1923 – Labour and Socialist International founded in Hamburg.
• 1924
• * Nordische Rundfunk radio begins broadcasting.
• * Chilehaus built.
• 1925
• * Helms-Museum and Hamburg School of Astrology established.
• * Population: 1,079,126.
• 1926 – Botanischer Sondergarten Wandsbek established.
• 1930
• * Planten un Blomen created.
• * Population: 1,145,124.
• 1933
• * Nazis seize control of the city and Carl Vincent Krogmann becomes mayor.
• * Hamburger Flugzeugbau in business.
• * Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp founded.
• 1934
• * Bürgerschaft abolished.
• * Gau Hamburg established.
• * Transmitter Hamburg-Billstedt begins operating.
• 1937
• * major expansion of the land of Hamburg per the Greater Hamburg Act:
• ** the cities Altona, Wandsbek, and Harburg-Wilhelmsburg join
• ** and the cities Geesthacht and Cuxhaven leave the territory of the Land Hamburg.
• 1938 – Neuengamme concentration camp established by SS.
• 1939 – Bombing of Hamburg in World War II begins.
• 1940 – April: Oflag X-D prisoner-of-war camp for Allied officers established.
• 1943
• * May: Langer Morgen forced labour camp for men established.
• * 7 August: Main base of the 2nd SS construction brigade relocated from Bremen to Hamburg.
• 1944
• * April: 2nd SS construction brigade relocated to Berlin.
• * 8 June: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Polish and Soviet women.
• * July: Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.
• * 1 September: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of Ravensbrück reorganized into a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.
• * 12 September: Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.
• * 13 September: Hamburg-Neugraben and Hamburg-Sasel subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.
• * 13 September: Women prisoners of the Hamburg-Veddel subcamp moved to other subcamps in Hamburg and Wedel.
• * 15 September: 2,000 male prisoners deported to the Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of Neuengamme.
• * 27 September: Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.
• * October: Hamburg-Finkenwerder subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Soviet, Polish, Belgian, French and Danish men.
• * November: Subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established by the SS at the Spaldingstraße for men of various nationalities.
• * L'Obstinée masonic lodge established by Belgian POWs in the Oflag X-D POW camp.
• 1945
• * 8 February: Hamburg-Neugraben subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved and Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp founded. Surviving prisoners moved from the Hamburg-Neugraben to the Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp.
• * March: 250 Romani and Sinti women deported to the Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of Neuengamme from the Ravensbrück concentration camp.
• * March: Hamburg-Finkenwerder subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved.
• * 22 March: Langer Morgen forced labour camp dissolved.
• * 7 April: Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Bergen-Belsen.
• * 14 April: Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Sandbostel.
• * 17 April: Subcamp of Neuengamme at Spaldingstraße dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Sandbostel.
• * 30 April: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved.
• * 3 May: Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to the Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp.
• * 3 May: Oflag X-D POW camp liberated by the British.
• * 4–5 May: Hamburg-Sasel subcamp of Neuengamme liberated by the British.
• * 5 May: Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp of Neuengamme liberated by the British.
• * Bombing of Hamburg in World War II ends.
• * Hamburg in the British occupation zone.
• * Rudolf Petersen appointed mayor by British authorities.
• * Eppendorf (company) founded.
• * Population: 1,350,278.

1946–1990s

• 1946
• * 5 December: Hamburg Ravensbrück trials for war crimes begin at the.
• * Max Brauer becomes mayor.
• 1948
• * Hamburger Abendblatt newspaper and Stern news magazine begin publication.
• * Population: 1,518,900.
• 1949 – Hamburger Morgenpost newspaper begins publication.
• 1950 – Public University of Music established.
• 1951 – Institut français Hamburg founded.
• 1952
• * Der Spiegel news magazine headquartered in city.
• * Bild newspaper begins publication.
• * Constitution of Hamburg ratified.
• * UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning headquartered in city.
• 1953
• * Volksparkstadion opens.
• * International garden show held.
• 1955 – Hamburg State Opera building opens.
• 1957
• * Fazle Omar Mosque built.
• * Streit's Haus Filmtheater opens.
• * British Army School and Hamburg Symphony Orchestra established.
• 1958 – Hamburg Atlantic Line in business.
• 1959 – Kaiserkeller night club opens.
• 1960 – August: English rock band The Beatles begin performing in Hamburg.
• 1961 – Population: 1,840,543.
• 1962
• * Spiegel scandal.
• * North Sea flood of 1962.
• 1963
• * Millerntor-Stadion opens.
• * St. James' Church restored.
• * Alter Botanischer Garten Hamburg greenhouses built.
• 1964 - Deutsches Übersee-Institut headquartered in Hamburg.
• 1965
• * Gruner + Jahr publisher in business.
• * Hamburg Transport Association established.
• * Imam Ali Mosque built.
• * NDR Fernsehen headquartered in city.
• 1967 – Eros Center brothel in business on the Reeperbahn.
• 1968
• * Cherry Blossom Festival begins.
• * Alsterdorfer Sporthalle and Gruenspan music club open.
• 1969 – waived older rights on harbour estate in Cuxhaven in favour of Neuwerk and Scharhörn to build an offshore harbour.
• 1970
• * Hamburg University of Applied Sciences founded.
• * Population: 1,793,640.
• 1971 – and Fabrik cultural centre founded.
• 1973
• * Congress Center Hamburg opens.
• * University of the German Federal Armed Forces and Neumeier's Hamburg Ballet established.
• * built.
• 1974
• * Köhlbrand Bridge built.
• * Hans-Ulrich Klose becomes mayor.
• 1975 – New Elbe Tunnel opens.
• 1976 – Die Motte youth centre founded in Ottensen.
• 1978
• * July: City hosts the 1978 World Fencing Championships.
• * Technical University of Hamburg founded.
• 1979
• * Botanischer Garten Hamburg opens.
• * Werkstatt 3 co-operative founded in Ottensen.
• 1980 – Stadtteilarchiv Ottensen founded.
• 1981
• * Protest against proposed Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant.
• * Klaus von Dohnányi becomes mayor.
• * Squat on Hafenstraße begins.
• 1982 – Kampnagel established.
• 1984
• * Chaos Communication Congress begins.
• * Hamburg Institute for Social Research founded.
• 1985
• * Birdland jazz club opens.
• * Museum der Arbeit established.
• 1986
• * Chaos Computer Club headquartered in city.
• * Radio Hamburg begins broadcasting.
• * Hamburg Marathon begins.
• * Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant commissioned near city.
• 1988
• * Center for Science and International Security at the University of Hamburg founded.
• * Henning Voscherau becomes mayor.
• * Population: 1,603,070.
• 1989
• * Deichtorhallen art centre opens.
• * founded.
• 1990 – headquartered in city.
• 1992 – Filmfest Hamburg begins.
• 1994 – Film and Television Museum Hamburg and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg established.
• 1996 – City website online.
• 1997 – Ortwin Runde becomes mayor.
• 1998
• * Afghan Museum established.
• * Am Rothenbaum built.
• 2000
• * Bucerius Law School established.
• * International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea headquartered in city.

21st century

• 2001
• * Long Night of Museums begins.
• * Container Terminal Altenwerder opens.
• * Ole von Beust becomes mayor.
• 2002
• * 4 November: Bambule eviction.
• * O2 World arena opens.
• * Bucerius Kunst Forum founded.
• 2003 – Hamburg Pride founded.
• 2004
• * Hamburg Summit: China meets Europe begins.
• * Major Records in business.
• 2005 – eVendi Arena built.
• 2006 – German Institute of Global and Area Studies established.
• 2007
• * World Future Council and headquartered in city.
• * 29 May: Anti-globalization protest.
• * Dockville music festival.
• * Elbphilharmonie construction begins.
• 2008
• * HafenCity district and established.
• * begins.
• * Museum für Kunst und Kultur an der Elbe opens in Jenisch House.
• 2009
• * International Chamber Music Competition Hamburg begins.
• * Student protest for education reform.
• 2010 – Christoph Ahlhaus becomes mayor.
• 2011
• * Olaf Scholz becomes mayor.
• * European Union, Latin America and the Caribbean Foundation headquartered in city.
• 2012 – Population: 1,813,587.
• 2013 – December: 2013–14 Hamburg demonstrations begin.
• 2015 – 2015 Hamburg Olympics referendum.
• 2016 – 31 October: Elbphilharmonie concert hall is officially completed.
• 2017
• * 7 July: G20 summit meeting held.
• * December: City hosts the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship.
• 2018 - Peter Tschentscher becomes mayor.
• 2023 – Shooting.

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