Tetragnatha


Tetragnatha is a genus of long-jawed orb-weavers found all over the world. It was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, and contains hundreds of species. Most occur in the tropics and subtropics, and many can run over water. They are commonly called stretch spiders in reference to their elongated body form and their ability to hide on blades of grass or similar elongated substrates by stretching their front legs forward and the others behind them.

Distribution

Species in this genus are found worldwide, including Greenland.

Habitat and ecology

Tetragnatha species occupy the tall herb and tree layer. They construct orb webs, usually in vegetation near or above streams and ponds. Several studies have reported that they build their webs near slow-flowing streams in sunlit areas. Without access to a humid habitat, these spiders suffer from dehydration. The webs are short-lived, being taken down and digested daily or even more frequently. Webs are usually horizontally inclined and consist of an open hub with 30 to 40 viscid spirals. The spider hangs underneath the central hub of the web with its long front legs directed forward.
These spiders are capable of walking over water surfaces at a very fast pace, with legs I and II moving alternately in a diagonal rhythm while legs III and IV are dragged behind. When at rest on vegetation, the body is pressed against the substrate with the long front legs stretched forward.
One of the biggest and most common species is T. extensa, which has a holarctic distribution. It can be found near lakes, river banks or swamps. Large numbers of individuals can often be found in reeds, tall grass, and around minor trees and shrubs.

Cursorial species found on Hawaiian archipelago

Evolution to cursorial behavior occurred long ago in a few different species, the most studied being those found on the Hawaiian islands.
The Tetragnatha spiders found on the Hawaiian archipelago are believed to have no more than three colonization events, two from web building species and one from cursorial species. This is because a species of mainland Tetragnatha spider was found to be more closely related to web building spiders on the Hawaiian islands than the cursorial species. This means that the divergence of web building and cursorial spiders must have occurred off the islands. There have been many events of cursorial evolution in various spider species around the world, including a few Tetragnatha species, although many species have not been thoroughly studied. The factors leading to this change of behavior is not well understood, although study of the Hawaiian Tetragnatha species can lead to some suggestions. Environmental factors, such as landscape and prey diversity play an important role in influencing the structure of webs in web building spiders. This could be a reasonable explanation for the loss of web function and evolving to a cursorial behavior.

Morphology

The general coloration ranges from fawn to dull brown or grey with silvery markings. The carapace is longer than wide, and the sternum is longer than wide with a pointed posterior end. Eight eyes are arranged in two rows, with lateral eyes slightly apart.
The chelicerae are notably variable, being long and well developed, featuring rows of large teeth and strong projecting spurs that are markedly elongated in males. The endites are parallel. The legs bear three claws and are long and slender, with or without spines.
The abdomen is elongated and cylindrical in some species, extending posteriorly beyond the spinnerets. The spinnerets are unmodified, with anterior and posterior pairs similar in size.
In females, the epigyne has genital openings located at the posterior end of the procurved epigastric furrow, with the genital plate not sclerotized. Males possess a separate and movable paracymbium with a coiled embolus and conductor at the distal tip.

Species distinction

Tetragnatha species are hard to separate from each other without a microscope to scrutinize the genitalia of a mature individual. Hawaiian Tetragnatha appear to distinguish each other via
highly specific chemical compounds in their silk. These chemical differences are especially prominent amongst sympatric and closely related species. This may constitute a form of chemical species recognition.

Name

The name Tetragnatha is derived from Greek, tetra- a numerical prefix referring to four and gnatha meaning jaw.

Species

, this genus includes 309 species and nine subspecies.
Species with articles on Wikipedia:Tetragnatha armata Karsch, 1892 – Sri LankaTetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Paraguay, Caribbean. Introduced to Spain, Italy, Africa, Seychelles, Yemen, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, ChinaTetragnatha caffra – South AfricaTetragnatha caudata Emerton, 1884 – North, Central America, Cuba, Jamaica, Uruguay, ArgentinaTetragnatha ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Mozambique, South Africa, Seychelles, India, Thailand, Philippines, New Guinea, Japan Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872 – Australia. Introduced to Cyprus, Tanzania, South Africa, Seychelles, TongaTetragnatha determinata Karsch, 1892 – Sri LankaTetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada to Argentina, CaribbeanTetragnatha extensa – North America, Greenland, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan Tetragnatha flavida Urquhart, 1891 – New ZealandTetragnatha foveata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka, Laccadive Is. Maldive Is.Tetragnatha geniculata Karsch, 1892 – India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Thailand, VietnamTetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – North and Central America, Cuba, Jamaica, Brazil, ParaguayTetragnatha hasselti Thorell, 1890 – India to China, Indonesia Tetragnatha isidis – Southern Europe, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, South Africa, Iran, IndiaTetragnatha jaculator Tullgren, 1910 – Africa to China and India, New Guinea. Introduced to the Caribbean and South AmericaTetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 – Central America, Caribbean, Brazil, Africa, Korea, China, India to Philippines, New Hebrides, PolynesiaTetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850 – Alaska to Chile, Argentina, Falkland Is.Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 – Central America, Caribbean, Colombia, Guyana, Brazil, West Africa, India to Philippines, AustraliaTetragnatha montana Simon, 1874 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Central AsiaTetragnatha multipunctata Urquhart, 1891 – New ZealandTetragnatha nigricans Dalmas, 1917 – New ZealandTetragnatha nitens – Tropical and subtropical Asia. Introduced to Americas, Macaronesia, Mediterranean, St. Helena, South Africa, Madagascar, Pacific Is. New ZealandTetragnatha pallescens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 – North, Central America, CaribbeanTetragnatha planata Karsch, 1892 – Sri LankaTetragnatha praedonia L. Koch, 1878 – Russia, Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, LaosTetragnatha squamata Karsch, 1879 – India, China, Taiwan, Russia, Korea, JapanTetragnatha straminea Emerton, 1884 – Canada, United States, CubaTetragnatha subsquamata Okuma, 1985 – Tanzania, South AfricaTetragnatha taylori O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 – South AfricaTetragnatha tenera Thorell, 1881 – Sri Lanka, Australia Tetragnatha torrensis Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape VerdeTetragnatha unicornis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania, Botswana, South AfricaTetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 – Temperate and tropical Asia. Introduced to North and Central America, Brazil, South AfricaTetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 – North, Central America, CubaTetragnatha virescens Okuma, 1979 – Bangladesh, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, PhilippinesTetragnatha viridis Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada, United StatesTetragnatha yesoensis Saito, 1934 – Russia, China, Korea, JapanTetragnatha acuta Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha aenea Cantor, 1842 – ChinaTetragnatha aetherea – VenezuelaTetragnatha albida Gillespie, 1994 – HawaiiTetragnatha amazonica Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – VenezuelaTetragnatha amoena Okuma, 1987 – New GuineaTetragnatha anamitica Walckenaer, 1841 – VietnamTetragnatha andamanensis Tikader, 1977 – India, BangladeshTetragnatha andonea Lawrence, 1927 – NamibiaTetragnatha angolaensis Okuma & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1988 – AngolaTetragnatha anguilla Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia, New Guinea, AustraliaTetragnatha angulata Hogg, 1914 – Australia Tetragnatha anuenue Gillespie, 2002 – HawaiiTetragnatha argentinensis Mello-Leitão, 1931 – Brazil, Uruguay, ArgentinaTetragnatha armata Karsch, 1892 – Sri LankaTetragnatha atriceps Banks, 1898 – MexicoTetragnatha atristernis Strand, 1913 – Central AfricaTetragnatha baculiferens Hingston, 1927 – MyanmarTetragnatha beccarii Caporiacco, 1947 – GuyanaTetragnatha bengalensis Walckenaer, 1841 – IndiaTetragnatha bicolor White, 1841 – Australia Tetragnatha bifurcata Li & Liu, 2022 – ChinaTetragnatha bimaculata Li & Liu, 2022 – ChinaTetragnatha biseriata Thorell, 1881 – New Guinea, Australia Tetragnatha bituberculata L. Koch, 1867 – Japan, New Guinea, AustraliaTetragnatha boeleni Chrysanthus, 1975 – New GuineaTetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Paraguay, Caribbean. Introduced to Spain, Italy, Africa, Seychelles, Yemen, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, ChinaTetragnatha boninensis Okuma, 1981 – JapanTetragnatha brachychelis Caporiacco, 1947 – Tanzania, KenyaTetragnatha branda Levi, 1981 – United StatesTetragnatha brevignatha Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha bryantae Roewer, 1951 – Puerto RicoTetragnatha caffra – South AfricaTetragnatha cambridgei Roewer, 1942 – Mexico, Central America, Puerto RicoTetragnatha caudata Emerton, 1884 – North, Central America, Cuba, Jamaica, Uruguay, ArgentinaTetragnatha caudicula – Russia, China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, MexicoTetragnatha caudifera – Australia Tetragnatha cavaleriei Schenkel, 1963 – ChinaTetragnatha cephalothoracis Strand, 1906 – EthiopiaTetragnatha ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Mozambique, South Africa, Seychelles, India, Thailand, Philippines, New Guinea, Japan Tetragnatha chauliodus – China, Japan, Myanmar to Papua New Guinea, Brazil Tetragnatha cheni Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – ChinaTetragnatha chinensis – ChinaTetragnatha chiyokoae Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 – China, Taiwan, JapanTetragnatha cladognatha Bertkau, 1880 – Brazil, ArgentinaTetragnatha clavigera Simon, 1887 – Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, DR CongoTetragnatha cochinensis Gravely, 1921 – IndiaTetragnatha coelestis Pocock, 1901 – IndiaTetragnatha cognata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Guatemala to PanamaTetragnatha conica Grube, 1861 – Russia Tetragnatha corsica Simon, 1929 – France Tetragnatha crassichelata Chrysanthus, 1975 – New GuineaTetragnatha cristata Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil, ArgentinaTetragnatha cuneiventris Simon, 1900 – HawaiiTetragnatha cylindracea – Australia Tetragnatha cylindrica Walckenaer, 1841 – New Guinea, Australia, FijiTetragnatha cylindriformis Lawrence, 1952 – CongoTetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873 – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia Tetragnatha delumbis Thorell, 1891 – India Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872 – Australia. Introduced to Cyprus, Tanzania, South Africa, Seychelles, TongaTetragnatha dentatidens Simon, 1907 – Sierra Leone, CongoTetragnatha desaguni Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesTetragnatha determinata Karsch, 1892 – Sri LankaTetragnatha didorata Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – BrazilTetragnatha digitata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 – Mexico, Costa RicaTetragnatha earmra Levi, 1981 – United States, Antigua, MartiniqueTetragnatha eberhardi Okuma, 1992 – PanamaTetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada to Argentina, Caribbean
  • * T. e. debilis Thorell, 1877 – United States
  • * T. e. principalis Thorell, 1877 – United States
  • * T. e. undulata Thorell, 1877 – United StatesTetragnatha elyunquensis Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Jamaica, Puerto RicoTetragnatha esakii Okuma, 1988 – TaiwanTetragnatha eumorpha Okuma, 1987 – New GuineaTetragnatha eurychasma Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha exigua Chickering, 1957 – JamaicaTetragnatha exquista Saito, 1933 – JapanTetragnatha extensa – North America, Greenland, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
  • * T. e. brachygnatha Thorell, 1873 – Sweden, Russia
  • * T. e. maracandica Charitonov, 1951 – Iran, Central Asia
  • * T. e. pulchra Kulczyński, 1891 – HungaryTetragnatha fallax Thorell, 1881 – IndonesiaTetragnatha farri Chickering, 1962 – JamaicaTetragnatha filiciphilia Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha filipes Schenkel, 1936 – ChinaTetragnatha filum Simon, 1907 – Congo, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and PríncipeTetragnatha flagellans van Hasselt, 1882 – Indonesia Tetragnatha flava – EgyptTetragnatha flavida Urquhart, 1891 – New ZealandTetragnatha fletcheri Gravely, 1921 – India, BangladeshTetragnatha foai Simon, 1902 – Central, East AfricaTetragnatha foliferens Hingston, 1927 – India Tetragnatha foveata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka, Laccadive Is. Maldive Is.Tetragnatha fragilis Chickering, 1957 – PanamaTetragnatha franganilloi Brignoli, 1983 – CubaTetragnatha friedericii Strand, 1913 – New GuineaTetragnatha gemmata L. Koch, 1872 – Australia Tetragnatha geniculata Karsch, 1892 – India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Thailand, VietnamTetragnatha gertschi Chickering, 1957 – PanamaTetragnatha gibbula Roewer, 1942 – French GuianaTetragnatha gongshan Zhao & Peng, 2010 – ChinaTetragnatha gracillima – Indonesia Tetragnatha granti Pocock, 1903 – Yemen Tetragnatha gressitti Okuma, 1988 – BorneoTetragnatha gressittorum Okuma, 1987 – New GuineaTetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – North and Central America, Cuba, Jamaica, Brazil, ParaguayTetragnatha gui Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha hamata Thorell, 1898 – MyanmarTetragnatha hasselti Thorell, 1890 – India to China, Indonesia
  • * T. h. birmanica Sherriffs, 1919 – MyanmarTetragnatha hastula Simon, 1907 – Sierra Leone, Gabon, São Tomé and PríncipeTetragnatha hawaiensis Simon, 1900 – HawaiiTetragnatha heongi Barrion & Barrion-Dupo, 2011 – ChinaTetragnatha hirashimai Okuma, 1987 – New GuineaTetragnatha hiroshii Okuma, 1988 – TaiwanTetragnatha hulli Caporiacco, 1955 – VenezuelaTetragnatha insularis Okuma, 1987 – Australia Tetragnatha insulicola Okuma, 1987 – Australia Tetragnatha intermedia Kulczyński, 1891 – Madeira, Portugal to TurkeyTetragnatha iriomotensis Okuma, 1991 – Japan Tetragnatha irridescens Stoliczka, 1869 – IndiaTetragnatha isidis – Southern Europe, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, South Africa, Iran, IndiaTetragnatha iwahigensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesTetragnatha jaculator Tullgren, 1910 – Africa to China and India, New Guinea. Introduced to the Caribbean and South AmericaTetragnatha javana – Africa, AsiaTetragnatha jejuna – MyanmarTetragnatha josephi Okuma, 1988 – India, Malaysia, SingaporeTetragnatha jubensis Pavesi, 1895 – EthiopiaTetragnatha kamakou Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha kapua Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is.Tetragnatha kauaiensis Simon, 1900 – HawaiiTetragnatha kea Gillespie, 1994 – HawaiiTetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 – Central America, Caribbean, Brazil, Africa, Korea, China, India to Philippines, New Hebrides, PolynesiaTetragnatha khanjahani Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1996 – BangladeshTetragnatha kikokiko Gillespie, 2002 – HawaiiTetragnatha kiwuana Strand, 1913 – Central AfricaTetragnatha klossi Hogg, 1919 – Indonesia Tetragnatha kolosvaryi Caporiacco, 1949 – KenyaTetragnatha kukuhaa Gillespie, 2002 – HawaiiTetragnatha kukuiki Gillespie, 2002 – HawaiiTetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850 – Alaska to Chile, Argentina, Falkland Is.Tetragnatha laminalis Strand, 1907 – East AfricaTetragnatha lancinans Kulczyński, 1911 – New GuineaTetragnatha laqueata L. Koch, 1872 – Korea, Japan, Tetragnatha latro Tullgren, 1910 – East AfricaTetragnatha lauta Yaginuma, 1959 – India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, LaosTetragnatha lea Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Russia, Japan, Korea?Tetragnatha lena Gillespie, 2003 – HawaiiTetragnatha lepida Rainbow, 1916 – Australia Tetragnatha levii Okuma, 1992 – MexicoTetragnatha limu Gillespie, 2003 – HawaiiTetragnatha lineatula Roewer, 1942 – MalaysiaTetragnatha linyphioides Karsch, 1878 – MozambiqueTetragnatha llavaca Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesTetragnatha luculenta Simon, 1907 – Guinea-BissauTetragnatha luteocincta Simon, 1908 – Australia Tetragnatha mabelae Chickering, 1957 – Panama, TrinidadTetragnatha macilenta L. Koch, 1872 – Australia, to French Polynesia Tetragnatha macracantha Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha macrops Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and PríncipeTetragnatha maculata Blackwall, 1865 – Cape VerdeTetragnatha maeandrata Simon, 1908 – Australia Tetragnatha maka Gillespie, 1994 – HawaiiTetragnatha makiharai Okuma, 1977 – Russia, Japan Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 – Central America, Caribbean, Colombia, Guyana, Brazil, West Africa, India to Philippines, AustraliaTetragnatha maralba Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles Tetragnatha margaritata L. Koch, 1872 – Australia Tetragnatha marginata – Myanmar to New CaledoniaTetragnatha marquesiana Berland, 1935 – Marquesas Is.Tetragnatha martinicensis Dierkens, 2011 – MartiniqueTetragnatha mawambina Strand, 1913 – Central AfricaTetragnatha megalocera Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 – BrazilTetragnatha mengsongica Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – ChinaTetragnatha mertoni Strand, 1911 – Indonesia Tetragnatha mexicana Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to PanamaTetragnatha micrura Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea, Solomon IslandsTetragnatha minitabunda O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 – Syria, Lebanon, IsraelTetragnatha modica Kulczyński, 1911 – New GuineaTetragnatha mohihi Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha montana Simon, 1874 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia
  • * T. m. timorensis Schenkel, 1944 – TimorTetragnatha monticola Okuma, 1987 – New GuineaTetragnatha moua Gillespie, 2003 – TahitiTetragnatha moulmeinensis Gravely, 1921 – MyanmarTetragnatha multipunctata Urquhart, 1891 – New ZealandTetragnatha nana Okuma, 1987 – New GuineaTetragnatha nandan Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – ChinaTetragnatha nepaeformis Doleschall, 1859 – Indonesia Tetragnatha nero Butler, 1876 – Mauritius Tetragnatha netrix Simon, 1900 – HawaiiTetragnatha nigricans Dalmas, 1917 – New ZealandTetragnatha nigrigularis Simon, 1898 – SeychellesTetragnatha nigrita Lendl, 1886 – Europe, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, JapanTetragnatha niokolona Roewer, 1961 – SenegalTetragnatha nitens – Tropical and subtropical Asia. Introduced to Americas, Macaronesia, Mediterranean, St. Helena, South Africa, Madagascar, Pacific Is. New ZealandTetragnatha nitidiuscula Simon, 1907 – West AfricaTetragnatha nitidiventris Simon, 1907 – Guinea-BissauTetragnatha notophilla Boeris, 1889 – PeruTetragnatha noumeensis Berland, 1924 – New CaledoniaTetragnatha novia Simon, 1901 – MalaysiaTetragnatha nubica Denis, 1955 – NigerTetragnatha obscura Gillespie, 2002 – HawaiiTetragnatha obscuriceps Caporiacco, 1940 – EthiopiaTetragnatha obtusa C. L. Koch, 1837 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Central AsiaTetragnatha oculata Denis, 1955 – NigerTetragnatha okumae Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – PhilippinesTetragnatha olindana Karsch, 1880 – PolynesiaTetragnatha oncognatha Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – BrazilTetragnatha oomua Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is.Tetragnatha oreobia Okuma, 1987 – New GuineaTetragnatha orizaba – Mexico, Cuba, JamaicaTetragnatha oubatchensis Berland, 1924 – New CaledoniaTetragnatha palikea Gillespie, 2003 – HawaiiTetragnatha pallescens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 – North, Central America, CaribbeanTetragnatha pallida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Costa Rica, PanamaTetragnatha paludicola Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha paludis Caporiacco, 1940 – EthiopiaTetragnatha panopea L. Koch, 1872 – Macronesia, Polynesia, HawaiiTetragnatha papuana Kulczyński, 1911 – New GuineaTetragnatha paradisea Pocock, 1901 – IndiaTetragnatha paradoxa Okuma, 1992 – Costa RicaTetragnatha paraguayensis – Brazil, Paraguay, ArgentinaTetragnatha parvula Thorell, 1891 – India Tetragnatha paschae Berland, 1924 – Easter Is.Tetragnatha perkinsi Simon, 1900 – HawaiiTetragnatha perreirai Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha phaeodactyla Kulczyński, 1911 – New GuineaTetragnatha pilosa Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha pinicola L. Koch, 1870 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, JapanTetragnatha piscatoria Simon, 1898 – CaribbeanTetragnatha planata Karsch, 1892 – Sri LankaTetragnatha plena Chamberlin, 1924 – ChinaTetragnatha polychromata Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha pradoi Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil, ArgentinaTetragnatha praedonia L. Koch, 1878 – Russia, Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, LaosTetragnatha priamus Okuma, 1987 – Solomon IslandsTetragnatha protensa Walckenaer, 1841 – Madagascar to Australia, New Caledonia, Palau Is.Tetragnatha puella Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar, Indonesia, New GuineaTetragnatha pulchella Thorell, 1877 – IndonesiaTetragnatha punua Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is.Tetragnatha quadrinotata Urquhart, 1893 – Australia Tetragnatha quasimodo Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha quechua Chamberlin, 1916 – PeruTetragnatha radiata Chrysanthus, 1975 – New GuineaTetragnatha rava Gillespie, 2003 – TahitiTetragnatha reimoseri – France to Poland and Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia, Caucasus, KazakhstanTetragnatha renatoi Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 – Venezuela, Brazil, ArgentinaTetragnatha reni Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – ChinaTetragnatha restricta Simon, 1900 – HawaiiTetragnatha retinens Chamberlin, 1924 – ChinaTetragnatha rimandoi Barrion, 1998 – PhilippinesTetragnatha rimitarae Strand, 1911 – PolynesiaTetragnatha riveti Berland, 1913 – EcuadorTetragnatha roeweri Caporiacco, 1949 – KenyaTetragnatha rossi Chrysanthus, 1975 – New GuineaTetragnatha rouxi – New CaledoniaTetragnatha rubriventris Doleschall, 1857 – New Guinea, Australia Tetragnatha scopus Chamberlin, 1916 – PeruTetragnatha serra Doleschall, 1857 – India, Thailand, China, Indonesia Tetragnatha shinanoensis Okuma & Chikuni, 1978 – Korea, JapanTetragnatha shoshone Levi, 1981 – Canada, United States, Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Mongolia, ChinaTetragnatha sidama Caporiacco, 1940 – EthiopiaTetragnatha signata Okuma, 1987 – New GuineaTetragnatha simintina Roewer, 1961 – SenegalTetragnatha sinuosa Chickering, 1957 – PanamaTetragnatha sobrina Simon, 1900 – HawaiiTetragnatha sociella Chamberlin, 1924 – ChinaTetragnatha squamata Karsch, 1879 – India, China, Taiwan, Russia, Korea, JapanTetragnatha stelarobusta Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha stellarum Chrysanthus, 1975 – New GuineaTetragnatha stimulifera Simon, 1907 – CongoTetragnatha straminea Emerton, 1884 – Canada, United States, CubaTetragnatha strandi Lessert, 1915 – East, Southern Africa
  • * T. s. melanogaster Schmidt & Krause, 1993 – ComorosTetragnatha streichi Strand, 1907 – ChinaTetragnatha striata L. Koch, 1862 – Europe, Russia, KazakhstanTetragnatha subclavigera Strand, 1907 – CongoTetragnatha subesakii Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – ChinaTetragnatha subextensa Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Jamaica, Puerto RicoTetragnatha subsquamata Okuma, 1985 – Tanzania, South AfricaTetragnatha suoan Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – ChinaTetragnatha sutherlandi Gravely, 1921 – IndiaTetragnatha tahuata Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is.Tetragnatha tanigawai Okuma, 1988 – Japan Tetragnatha tantalus Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha taylori O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 – South AfricaTetragnatha tenera Thorell, 1881 – Sri Lanka, Australia Tetragnatha tenuis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Guatemala to PanamaTetragnatha tenuissima O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Mexico, Central America, Caribbean to Brazil, ArgentinaTetragnatha tincochacae Chamberlin, 1916 – PeruTetragnatha tipula – West AfricaTetragnatha tonkina Simon, 1909 – VietnamTetragnatha torrensis Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape VerdeTetragnatha tortilis Li & Liu, 2022 – ChinaTetragnatha trichodes Thorell, 1878 – IndonesiaTetragnatha tristani Banks, 1909 – Costa RicaTetragnatha trituberculata Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha tuamoaa Gillespie, 2003 – Society Is.Tetragnatha tullgreni Lessert, 1915 – Central, East AfricaTetragnatha uluhe Gillespie, 2003 – HawaiiTetragnatha uncifera Simon, 1900 – HawaiiTetragnatha unicornis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania, Botswana, South AfricaTetragnatha vacillans – Mauritius Tetragnatha valida Keyserling, 1887 – Australia Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 – Temperate and tropical Asia. Introduced to North and Central America, Brazil, South AfricaTetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 – North, Central America, CubaTetragnatha virescens Okuma, 1979 – Bangladesh, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, PhilippinesTetragnatha viridis Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada, United StatesTetragnatha viridorufa Gravely, 1921 – IndiaTetragnatha visenda Chickering, 1957 – JamaicaTetragnatha waikamoi Gillespie, 1992 – HawaiiTetragnatha yalom Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea, Papua new Guinea, Australia Tetragnatha yesoensis Saito, 1934 – Russia, China, Korea, JapanTetragnatha yinae Zhao & Peng, 2010 – ChinaTetragnatha yongquiang Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – ChinaTetragnatha zangherii – ItalyTetragnatha zhaoi Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – ChinaTetragnatha zhaoya Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
  • T. aduncata Wang, 1991 = Tetragnatha hasselti Thorell, 1890
  • T. alba F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 = Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850
  • T. amplidens Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. andina Taczanowski, 1878 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. anirensis Strand, 1915 = Tetragnatha biseriata Thorell, 1881
  • T. antillana Simon, 1897 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. apheles Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha mexicana Keyserling, 1865
  • T. aptans Chamberlin, 1920 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. banksi McCook, 1894 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
  • T. bemalcuei Mello-Leitão, 1939 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. borealis L. Koch, 1879 = Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873
  • T. boydi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. boydi Tullgren, 1910 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. caporiaccoi Platnick, 1993 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. casula Walckenaer, 1841 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. cliens Chamberlin, 1924 = Tetragnatha nigrita Lendl, 1886
  • T. conformans Chamberlin, 1924 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890
  • T. confraterna Banks, 1909 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. convexa Banks, 1898 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. coreana Seo & Paik, 1981 = Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884
  • T. culicivora Walckenaer, 1841 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. decipiens Badcock, 1932 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. dentigera F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. earmra Levi, 1981 = Tetragnatha gracilis
  • T. eitapensis Strand, 1913 = Tetragnatha ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869
  • T. elmora Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. ethodon Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890
  • T. festina Bryant, 1945 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. filiformis = Tetragnatha flava
  • T. foliifera Simon, 1898 = Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872
  • T. fraterna Banks, 1898 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
  • T. fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. galapagoensis Banks, 1902 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. graciliventris Schenkel, 1963 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. grenda Roberts, 1983 = Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872
  • T. groenlandica Thorell, 1872 = Tetragnatha extensa
  • T. haitiensis Bryant, 1945 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. harrodi Levi, 1951 = Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873
  • T. heatwolei Chrysanthus, 1975 = Tetragnatha bituberculata L. Koch, 1867
  • T. hotingchiehi Schenkel, 1963 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. huahinensis Berland, 1942 = Tetragnatha macilenta L. Koch, 1872
  • T. infuscata Benoit, 1978 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. intermedia Banks, 1898 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
  • T. japonica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890
  • T. kaestneri = Tetragnatha reimoseri
  • T. kochi Thorell, 1895 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890
  • T. kovblyuki Marusik, 2010 = Tetragnatha shoshone Levi, 1981
  • T. laudativa Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
  • T. limnocharis Seeley, 1928 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. listeri Gravely, 1921 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890
  • T. mackenziei Gravely, 1921 = Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884
  • T. maderiana Schenkel, 1938 = Tetragnatha extensa
  • T. mandibulata Gravely, 1921 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. manitoba Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = Tetragnatha extensa
  • T. marianna Archer, 1940 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. maxillosa Thorell, 1895 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890
  • T. maxillosa Strand, 1911 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890
  • T. modesta Hirst, 1911 = Tetragnatha ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869
  • T. munda Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. necatoria Tullgren, 1910 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. nigrita Strand, 1906 = Tetragnatha praedonia L. Koch, 1878
  • T. nitens = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. nitens Wiehle, 1962 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. numa Levi & Levi, 1955 = Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850
  • T. obtusa Kulczyński, 1891 = Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873
  • T. pelusia = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. peninsulana Banks, 1898 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. peruviana Taczanowski, 1878 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. petrunkevitchi Caporiacco, 1947 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. pinea Seeley, 1928 = Tetragnatha viridis Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. potanini Schenkel, 1963 = Tetragnatha extensa
  • T. producta = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. propioides Schenkel, 1936 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890
  • T. punctipes Westring, 1874 = Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873
  • T. qiuae Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 = Tetragnatha shoshone Levi, 1981
  • T. quadridens Dondale, 1966 = Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872
  • T. ramboi Mello-Leitão, 1943 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865
  • T. recurva Schenkel, 1936 = Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, 1879
  • T. rusticana Chickering, 1959 = Tetragnatha extensa
  • T. sanctitata Walckenaer, 1841 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. seminola Gertsch, 1936 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. seneca Seeley, 1928 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
  • T. shikokiana Yaginuma, 1960 = Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884
  • T. siduo Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. soaresi Camargo, 1950 = Tetragnatha longidens Mello-Leitão, 1945
  • T. steckleri Gertsch & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha nitens
  • T. trapezoides Walckenaer, 1841 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. tropica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841
  • T. valoka Chrysanthus, 1975 = Tetragnatha biseriata Thorell, 1881
  • T. vermiventris Schenkel, 1963 = Tetragnatha javana
  • T. vicina Simon, 1897 = ''Tetragnatha nitens''