October 1915

[October 1], 1915 (Friday)

• The US. District Court of Pennsylvania ruled the Motion Picture Patents Company, founded by Thomas Edison, violated the Sherman Antitrust Act.
• Broward County, Florida was established with its county seat in Fort Lauderdale.
• Henry Ford Hospital was officially opened to patients in Detroit, the first of several hospitals that could become part of the present-day Henry Ford Health System.
• Harcum College was founded as Harcum Post Graduate School in Philadelphia as a college-preparatory school for young women but quickly grew to enrolling both women and men for junior-level college courses within five years. The college now enrolls 1,600 students annually in two-year college programs.
• The Rankbach Railway opened for service between Renningen and Böblingen, Germany.
• The Vestfold rail line added a station to serve Tønsberg, Norway.
• Rail stations Holloway and Caledonian Road and Warren were closed in England as part of wartime measures.
• Franz Kafka's novella The Metamorphosis was first published in the German monthly magazine Die Weißen Blätter.
• Born: Jerome Bruner, American psychologist, developed the instructional scaffolding process in educational psychology; in New York City, United States

  [October 2], 1915 (Saturday)

• An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 struck Pleasant Valley in north-central Nevada, the strongest ever recorded in that state. Fortunately, the epicenter was in an isolated area, resulting in some building damage in nearby communities but no injuries.
• The soccer stadium Riggs Field was dedicated at Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina. It is the home stadium for the Clemson Tigers.
• The American Civil War Ox Hill Battlefield Park was officially established when monuments were erected for Union Army generals Isaac Stevens and Philip Kearny, who were both killed in the Battle of Chantilly on September 1, 1862.
• Died: Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart, 32, British politician and army officer, commander of the Welch Regiment; killed in action during the Battle of Loos

  [October 3], 1915 (Sunday)

• Second Battle of Champagne — French General Joseph Joffre suspended the offensive to break the German line at Champagne, France and ordered a battle of attrition that lasted five weeks.
• Actions of the Hohenzollern Redoubt — German forces successfully recaptured most of the lost ground on Hohenzollern Redoubt from the British. The area was an important defensive position for the Germans on the Western Front.
• Japanese battleships and shelled and sunk the crippled Imperial Japanese Navy ship Iki. Iki had been inoperative as a vessel after it bad been struck on May 1.
• Born: Ray Stark, American filmmaker, producer of films including West Side Story, The Misfits, and Funny Girl, recipient of the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award; as Raymond Stark, in New York City, United States

  [October 4], 1915 (Monday)

• The Dinosaur National Monument was established in the Uinta Mountains that border between Colorado and Utah to protect some 800 sites in that area.
• The Arrowrock Dam was dedicated and opened for operation on the Boise River in Idaho. At, it was the tallest dam in the world and would hold the record for nine years until the completion of the Schräh dam in Switzerland in 1924, which had a height of.
• Born:
• * Beverly Loraine Greene, American architect, first African American woman licensed as an architect in the United States, noted works include the 1956 UNESCO United Nations Headquarters in Paris; in Chicago, United States
• * Silvina Bullrich, Argentine writer, author of Bodas de cristal and other fiction and non-fiction; in Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
• * William Hawrelak, Canadian politician, 24th Mayor of Edmonton; in Shandro, Alberta, Canada
• Died:
• * Karl Staaff, 55, Swedish state leader, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden; died of pneumonia
• * George Edwardes, 59, English theater producer, managed the Gaiety Theatre, Daly's Theatre, and Adelphi Theatre in London
• * John Rigby, 71-72, grandfather of Eleanor Rigby, to whom Paul McCartney attributes a subconscious influence on naming the song with the same name

  [October 5], 1915 (Tuesday)

• The first annual Hopkinton State Fair was held in Contoocook, New Hampshire, earning a net profit of $5 over two days. It became one of New England's most famous fair events and the largest in New Hampshire. The fair expanded to three days in 1921 and in 1980 was scheduled to fall on Labor Day weekend.

  [October 6], 1915 (Wednesday)

• Combined Austro-Hungarian and German Central Powers, reinforced by the recently joined Bulgaria launched a new offensive against Serbia under command of August von Mackensen.
• Born: Humberto Sousa Medeiros, Portuguese American clergy, Archbishop of Boston from 1970 to 1983; in Arrifes, São Miguel Island, Azores

  [October 7], 1915 (Thursday)

• The Central Powers launched a second invasion of Serbia.
• A massive fire destroyed the Chinatown in Walnut Grove, California, forcing many of the Chinese immigrants to relocate to Locke, California, an unincorporated town in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta.
• The British Army established the 121st Brigade.
• The Tennessee Ornithological Society was founded in Nashville, Tennessee.
• Born: Walter Keane, American painter and plagiarist, plagiarized the work of his wife Margaret Keane; in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States

  [October 8], 1915 (Friday)

• Actions of the Hohenzollern Redoubt — Five German regiments attempted to recapture the remaining ground around Hohenzollern Redoubt from the British, but foggy conditions and inaccurate artillery barrages proved inadequate in forcing defending British and French troops from giving up their positions. The Germans suffered 3,000 casualties.
• Battle of Loos - Apart from continued fighting at Hohenzollern Redoubt, the overall British offense faltered due to lack of ammunition, equipment and fresh reinforcements to replenish exhausted units. The British suffered 59,247 casualties, the most of any battle they fought on the Western Front that year. The Germans suffered 51,100 casualties.
• The No. 26 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was established in Netheravon, England from personnel of the South African Air Corps.
• British destroyer HMS Mary Rose was launched by Swan Hunter at Wallsend, England. It would be sunk two years later by German naval ships.
• A rail station was opened in Salfords, England to serve the Brighton Main Line.
• The Dothan Opera House opened in Dothan, Alabama. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
• Died: E. Phillips Fox, 50, Australian painter, member of the Heidelberg School which promoted impressionism in Australia; died of cancer

  [October 9], 1915 (Saturday)

• The Central Powers captured Belgrade.
• Second Battle of Jaunde — French and British forces began a second campaign to capture the German colonial capital of Jaunde in German Cameroon.
• The British Army established the 67th, 68th, and 70th Siege Batteries of the Royal Garrison Artillery.
• British destroyer HMS Nestor was launched by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Govan, Scotland to serve with the Grand Fleet. She was sunk during the Battle of Jutland the following year.
• British naval ship HMS Moth was launched by the Sunderland Shipbuilding Company in Sunderland, England, and was used for naval operations in the Middle East throughout World War I.
• Schoellkopf Field opened at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. The playing field was named after the late Henry Schoellkopf, football player and head coach for the Cornell Big Red football team.
• Australian poet C. J. Dennis's verse novel The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke was published in book form in Sydney. It originally appeared in serial form in the magazine The Bulletin between 1909 and 1915.
• Born:
• * Vivian Della Chiesa, American opera singer, known for her collaborations with the Chicago Opera Company and Chicago City Opera Company, as well as her various radio specials including the NBC Symphony Orchestra; in Chicago, United States
• * Henner Henkel, German tennis player, men's singles winner of the 1937 French Championships; as Heinrich Ernst Otto Henkel, in Posen, German Empire

  [October 10], 1915 (Sunday)

• Twenty-six men left Gilgandra, New South Wales on the Cooee March; the first of the Snowball marches conducted to recruit more men for military service during World War I. At each town on the route they shouted "cooee" to attract recruits; the march arrived in Sydney on November 12 with 263 recruits.
• The German Club in Sydney, Australia was targeted by anti-German sentiment when an editorial in The Mirror of Australia reported that the German club was being used to house Germans who had been rejected from other hotels within the city: "Why should the members of these institutions be permitted the slightest consideration whilst their countrymen are committing outrages in the highways and byways of Europe?"
• Odds beat Kvik Halden 2-1 in the final of the Norwegian Football Cup in front of a crowd of 6,000 spectators at Sarpsborg Stadion in Sarpsborg, Norway.
• Born: Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda, Indian naval officer, 8th Chief of the Naval Staff; in Manora, Punjab Province, British India
• Died: Albert Cashier, Irish-born American soldier, fought with the Union Army during the American Civil War, assigned female at birth, he enlisted into the military as a man and maintained his male identity until his death