Geraldine Farrar
Alice Geraldine Farrar was an American lyric soprano who also frequently sang dramatic roles. She was noted for her beauty, acting ability, and "the intimate timbre of her voice." In the 1910s, she also found success as an actress in silent films. Farrar had a large following among young women, who were nicknamed "Gerry-flappers".
Early life and education
Farrar was born in Melrose, Massachusetts, the daughter of baseball player Sidney Farrar, and his wife Henrietta Barnes. At age five, she began studying music in Boston and by 14 was giving recitals. Later she studied voice with the American soprano Emma Thursby in New York City, in Paris, and finally with the Italian baritone Francesco Graziani in Berlin. Farrar created a sensation at the Berlin Hofoper with her debut as Marguerite in Charles Gounod's Faust in 1901 and remained with the company for three years, during which time she continued her studies with famed German soprano Lilli Lehmann. She appeared in the title roles of Giuseppe Verdi’s La traviata, Ambroise Thomas' Mignon and Jules Massenet's Manon, as well as Juliette in Gounod's Roméo et Juliette. Her admirers in Berlin included Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, with whom she is believed to have had a relationship beginning in 1903.Career in grand opera
After three years with the Monte Carlo Opera, Farrar made her debut at the New York Metropolitan Opera in Roméo et Juliette on November 26, 1906. She appeared in the title role in the first Met performance of Giacomo Puccini's Madama Butterfly in 1907 and remained a member of the company until her retirement in 1922, singing 29 roles there in 672 performances. She developed a great popular following, especially among New York's young female opera-goers, who were known as "Gerry-flappers". Farrar created the title roles in Pietro Mascagni's Amica, Puccini's Suor Angelica, Umberto Giordano's Madame Sans-Gêne, as well as the Goosegirl in Engelbert Humperdinck's Königskinder, for which Farrar trained her own flock of geese. According to a review in the New York Tribune of the first performance, "at the close of the opera Miss Farrar caused 'much amusement' by appearing before the curtain with a live goose under her arm."According to her biographer:
Farrar recorded prodigiously for the Victor Talking Machine Company and was often featured prominently in that firm's advertisements.
Film career
Farrar also appeared in silent films, which were produced between opera seasons. Literary and film critic Edward Wagenknecht describes Geraldine Farrar as “the most illustrious artist Paramount brought to the screen.” The acquisition of Farrar by producer Jesse Lasky in 1915 was regarded as “the most sensational coup in motion-picture history” at the time. As a prima donna of the Metropolitan Opera, Farrar’s arrival in Hollywood was greeted with great anticipation and fanfare:She starred in more than a dozen films from 1915 to 1920, including Cecil B. De Mille's 1915 adaptation of Georges Bizet's opera Carmen. The film’s premiere at Symphony Hall in Boston was preceded by a fulsome publicity campaign and garnered effusive reviews by critics. San Francisco Call & Post wrote:
For her performance, she came in first among the women in the 1916 "Screen Masterpiece" contest held by Motion Picture Magazine. One of her other notable screen roles —and the one that Farrar personally ranked her finest—was as Joan of Arc in the 1916 film Joan the Woman.
In June 1931, Farrar made her debut radio broadcast over the National Broadcasting Company's nationwide "Red" network.
In 1960, Farrar was awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the music and film categories, located at 1620 and 1709 Vine Street.
Personal life
Beginning in 1908, Farrar had a seven-year love affair with the Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini. Her ultimatum, that he leave his wife and children and marry her, caused Toscanini to abruptly resign his position as principal conductor of the Metropolitan Opera in 1915. Farrar was a close friend to the Met's star tenor Enrico Caruso and there has been speculation that they too had a love affair. It is said that Caruso coined her motto: Farrar farà.Farrar's marriage to actor Lou Tellegen on February 8, 1916, was the source of considerable scandal. The marriage ended, as a result of her husband's numerous affairs, in a very public divorce in 1923. The circumstances of the divorce were brought again to public recollection in 1934, following Tellegen's bizarre suicide in Hollywood. When told of Tellegen's death, Farrar reportedly said "Why should that interest me?"
Farrar retired from opera in 1922 at the age of 40; her final Met performance was as Leoncavallo's Zazà. By this stage, her voice was in premature decline due to overwork. According to the American music critic Henry Pleasants, the author of The Great Singers from the Dawn of Opera to Our Own Time, she gave between 25 and 35 performances each season at the Met alone. They included 95 appearances as Madama Butterfly and 58 as Carmen in 16 seasons. The title role in Puccini's Tosca, which she had added to her repertoire in 1909, was another one of her favourite Met parts.
Within several weeks of announcing her retirement from opera, Farrar transitioned into concert performances, signing to appear at a recital at Hershey Park on Memorial Day 1922. She continued to make recordings and give recitals throughout the 1920s and was briefly the intermission commentator for the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts during the 1934–35 season. In 1938, Farrar published an unusual autobiography, titled Such Sweet Compulsion. The book was written in alternating chapters purporting to be her own words and those of her deceased mother, with Mrs. Farrar rather floridly recounting her daughter's many accomplishments.
Geraldine Farrar died in Ridgefield, Connecticut of heart disease in 1967, at the age of 85; she was buried in Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York. She had no children.
Filmography
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| Carmen | Carmen | ||
| Temptation | Lost film | ||
| Maria Rosa | Maria Rosa | ||
| Joan the Woman | Jeanne d'Arc | ||
| ' | Tecza | ||
| ' | Incomplete film, only two of six reels survive | ||
| ' | Lost film | ||
| ' | Short Lost film | ||
| ' | undetermined/presumably Lost film | ||
| Shadows | Incomplete film, only one reel survives | ||
| ' | undetermined/presumably Lost film | ||
| ' | |||
| Flame of the Desert | |||
| ' | |||
| ' | undetermined/presumably Lost''' film |