List of scientists in medieval Islamic world list of Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization in the Islamic Golden Age .Astronomers and astrologers sanad ibn Ali Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar Ali Qushji Ahmad Khani Ibrahim al-Fazari Muhammad al-Fazari Al-Khwarizmi , Mathematician Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi Al-Farghani Banū Mūsā Dīnawarī Al-Majriti Al-Battani Al-Farabi Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi Abu Sa'id Gorgani Kushyar ibn Labban Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin Al-Mahani Al-Marwazi Al-Nayrizi Al-Saghani Al-Farghani Abu Nasr Mansur Abū Sahl al-Qūhī Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī Ibn Yunus Ibn al-Haytham Bīrūnī Avicenna Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī Omar Khayyám Al-Khazini Ibn Bajjah Ibn Tufail Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi Averroes Al-Jazari Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī Anvari Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi Nasir al-Din Tusi Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī Ibn al-Shatir Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī Jamshīd al-Kāshī Ulugh Beg Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf Ahmad Nahavandi Haly Abenragel Abolfadl Harawi Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists Ibn Sirin , author of work on dreams and dream interpretation Al-Kindi , pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari , pioneer of psychiatry , clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi , pioneer of mental health , medical psychology , cognitive psychology , cognitive therapy , psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine Al-Farabi, pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi , pioneer of neurosurgery Ibn al-Haytham, founder of experimental psychology , psychophysics , phenomenology and visual perception Al-Biruni , pioneer of reaction time Avicenna, pioneer of neuropsychiatry , thought experiment , self-awareness and self-consciousness Ibn Zuhr , pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture Chemists and alchemists Khalid ibn Yazid Jafar al-Sadiq Jābir ibn Hayyān , father of chemistry Abbas Ibn Firnas Al-Kindi Al-Majriti Ibn Miskawayh Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī Avicenna Al-Khazini Nasir al-Din Tusi Ibn Khaldun Al-Khwārizmī , algebra , mathematics Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man, Islamic jurisprudence scholar Abu Yusuf, Islamic jurisprudence scholar Al-Saghani, one of the earliest historians of science Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir , economist Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, considered the "first anthropologist" and father of Indology Ibn Sīnā , economist Ibn Miskawayh, economist Al-Ghazali , economist Al-Mawardi, economist Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī , economist Ibn al-Nafis, sociologist Ibn Taymiyyah, economist Ibn Khaldun, forerunner of social sciences such as demography , cultural history , historiography , philosophy of history , sociology and economics Al-Maqrizi, economistGeographers and earth scientists Al-Masudi , the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science al-Hamdani Ibn Al-Jazzar Al-Tamimi Al-Masihi Ali ibn Ridwan Muhammad al-Idrisi , also a cartographer Ahmad ibn Fadlan Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy , considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist" Avicenna Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi Averroes Ibn al-Nafis Ibn Jubayr Ibn Battuta Ibn Khaldun Piri Reis Evliya Çelebi Mathematicians Ali Qushji Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar Khalid ibn Yazid Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī , father of algebra and algorithms 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī , pioneer of symbolic algebra Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī Al-Kindi Banū Mūsā * Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir * Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir Al-Mahani Ahmed ibn Yusuf Al-Majriti Al-Battani Al-Farabi Al-Nayrizi Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin Brethren of Purity Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi Al-Saghani Abū Sahl al-Qūhī Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī Ibn Sahl Al-Sijzi Ibn Yunus Abu Nasr Mansur Kushyar ibn Labban Al-Karaji Ibn al-Haytham Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi Al-Nasawi Al-Jayyani Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud Omar Khayyám Al-Khazini Ibn Bajjah Al-Ghazali Al-Marrakushi Al-Samawal Ibn Rushd Ibn Seena Hunayn ibn Ishaq Ibn al-Banna' Ibn al-Shatir Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi Jamshīd al-Kāshī Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi Muhammad Baqir Yazdi Nasir al-Din al-Tusi , 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf Ulugh Beg Al-Samawal al-Maghribi Philosophers Muslim philosophers , refer to the List of Muslim philosophers], this list only includes philosophers who were active in the medieval Islamic world . Al-Kindi Averroes Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi Al-Farabi Avicenna Ibn Arabi Rumi Jami Ibn Khaldun Nasir al-Din al-TusiPhysicists and engineers Mimar Sinan , also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century Banū Mūsā, 9th century * Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir * Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir * Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir Abbas Ibn Firnas , 9th century Al-Saghani Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, 10th century Ibn Sahl, 10th century Ibn Yunus, 10th century Al-Karaji, 10th century Ibn al-Haytham, 11th century Iraqi scientist , father of optics , and experimental physics , considered the "first scientist" Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics Ibn Sīnā/Seena , 11th century Al-Khazini, 12th century Ibn Bajjah, 12th century Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi , 12th century Ibn Rushd, 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer , Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
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