List of former European colonies
This is a list of former European colonies.
The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were:
United Kingdom, France, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Italy, Norway, Knights of Malta, Belgium, and Courland.
North America
Denmark
- Danish West Indies
- Greenland
- *Colony of Greenland
- **County of Greenland
- *North Greenland
- *South Greenland
France
Great Britain
- British America
- *Canada
- **Island of St. John
- **Lower Canada
- *** Province of Quebec
- **Upper Canada
- **Newfoundland Colony
- *"Thirteen Colonies"
- **New England Colonies:
- ***Province of Massachusetts Bay
- ***Province of New Hampshire
- ***Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
- ***Connecticut Colony
- **Province of New York
- **Province of New Jersey
- **Province of Pennsylvania
- **Delaware Colony
- **Province of Maryland
- **Colony of Virginia
- **Province of North Carolina
- **Province of South Carolina
- **Province of Georgia
- *Other North American colonies
- **Province of East Florida
- **Province of West Florida
- British Honduras
- Bay Islands
Iceland
Netherlands
Norway
Russia
Scotland
- Nova Scotia
Spain
- Mexico
- Viceroyalty of New Spain
- *Las Californias
- *Nuevo Reino de León
- *Nuevo Santander
- *Nueva Vizcaya
- *Santa Fe de Nuevo México
- *Nueva Extremadura
- *Nueva Galicia
- *Captaincy General of Cuba
- *Puerto Rico
- *Santo Domingo
- *Captaincy General of Guatemala
- *Costa Rica
- *El Salvador
- *East Florida and West Florida
Sweden
Caribbean
Brandenburg
Courland
Denmark-Norway
France
- Anguilla
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Dominica
- Grenada
- Montserrat
- Nevis
- Saint Christophe
- Saint Croix
- Saint-Domingue
- Sainte-Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Sint Eustatius
- Tobago
Knights of Malta
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
Sweden-Norway
United Kingdom
- The Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- *Antigua and Barbuda
- *Dominica
- *Saint Christopher -Nevis
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Windward Islands
- *Grenada
- *Saint Lucia
- *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
South America
Augsburg/Nuremberg
France
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
- Kingdom of Tierra Firme
- Governorate of New Andalusia
- Governorate of Castilla de Oro
- Governorate of New Castile
- Governorate of New Toledo
- Governorate of New León
- Governorate of New Andalusia
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- *New Kingdom of Granada
- *Real Audiencia of Panamá
- *Captaincy General of Chile
- *Real Audiencia of Lima
- *Governorate of the Río de la Plata
- *Real Audiencia of Charcas
- *Real Audiencia of Quito
- *Real Audiencia of Concepción
- *Governorate of Guayrá
- *Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires
- *Real Audiencia of Cuzco
- Viceroyalty of New Granada
- *Real Audiencia of Panamá
- *Real Audiencia of Quito
- *Captaincy General of Venezuela
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
- *Governorate of Paraguay
- *Real Audiencia of Charcas
- Upper Peru
United Kingdom
Africa
Belgium
Brandenburg
Courland
Denmark-Norway
France
- Albreda
- Comoros
- French Dahomey
- French Algeria
- French Cameroon
- French Chad
- French Congo
- French Guinea
- French Upper Volta
- French Somaliland
- French Sudan
- French Togoland
- French Madagascar
- Gabon
- Ivory Coast
- Colonial Mauritania
- French protectorate in Morocco
- Oubangui-Chari
- Senegal
- Senegambia and Niger
- *Upper Senegal and Niger
- *Colony of Niger
- French protectorate of Tunisia
Germany
Hospitaller Malta
Italy
Netherlands
- Arguin Island
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast
- Dutch Loango-Angola
- Gorée
- Moçambique
- São Tomé
- South Africa
- Mauritius
Portugal
- Ajuda
- Portuguese Angola
- Annobón
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde
- Ceuta
- Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
- Gorée
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar
- *Agadir
- *Alcacer Ceguer
- *Arzila
- *Azamor
- *Mazagan
- *Mogador
- *Safim
- Nigeria
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast
- Portuguese Guinea
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
Spain
- Bona
- Bougie
- Jerba
- Fernando Po and Annobon
- Oran
- Port Guinea
- Río Muni
- Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
- Spanish West Africa
- *Río de Oro
- *Saguia el-Hamra
- *Tarfaya Strip
- *Ifni
Sweden
United Kingdom
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Basutoland
- Balleland
- Bechuanaland
- British East Africa
- British Somaliland
- British Togoland
- British Cameroon
- British Mauritius
- British Egypt
- *Khedivate of Egypt
- *Sultanate of Egypt
- *Kingdom of Egypt
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gold Coast
- Colonial Nigeria
- *Niger Coast Protectorate
- *Northern Nigeria Protectorate
- *Southern Nigeria Protectorate
- *Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia
- Nyasaland
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- Union of South Africa
- *British Cape Colony
- *Natal Colony
- *Orange River Colony
- *Transvaal Colony
- South West Africa
- *Walvis Bay
- Southern Rhodesia
- Swaziland
- Tanganyika Territory
- Uganda Protectorate
- Sultanate of Zanzibar
West Asia
France
Netherlands
Portugal
United Kingdom
- Aden Protectorate
- Bahrain
- Cyprus
- Mandatory Iraq
- Sheikhdom of Kuwait
- Muscat and Oman
- Mandatory Palestine
- Qatar
- South Arabia
- Emirate of Transjordan
- Trucial States
South Asia
Indian Ocean Area
Austria
France
Netherlands
Portugal
United Kingdom
- Mauritius
- Seychelles
- Maldives
Mainland
Denmark-Norway
France
Netherlands
Portugal
- Bombay
- Calicut
- Cambay
- Cannanore
- Ceilão
- Chaul
- Chittagong
- Cochin
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli
- Daman and Diu
- Goa
- Hughli
- Masulipatnam
- Mangalore
- Pegu
- Surat
- Syriam
Sweden
United Kingdom
Asia-Pacific
Austria
- North Borneo
France
Germany
- German New Guinea
- *Bismarck Archipelago
- *Caroline Islands
- *Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
- *North Solomon Islands
- Gilbert Islands
- German Samoa
- Marshall Islands
- Nauru
- Northern Marianas Islands
- Palau
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
- Spanish East Indies
- * Philippines
- *Marianas Islands
- **Guam
- **Northern Marianas Islands
- *Caroline Islands
- Marshall Islands
United Kingdom
- British Burma
- Australia
- *New South Wales
- *Queensland
- *South Australia
- *Swan River Colony/Western Australia
- *Van Diemen's Land
- *Victoria
- British Solomon Islands
- British Western Pacific Territories
- Christmas Island
- Cocos Islands
- Colonial Fiji
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands
- Kingdom of Rarotonga
- New Zealand
- *Auckland Islands
- Niue
- Norfolk Island
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- Territory of New Guinea
- Western Samoa
- Phoenix Islands
- Solomon Islands
- Territory of Papua
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- Southeast Asia
- *Malaysia
- *British Malaya
- **Federated Malay States
- **Straits Settlements
- **Unfederated Malay States
- *British Borneo
- **North Borneo
- **Kingdom of Sarawak
- Brunei
- Singapore
- China
- *Hong Kong
Europe
Denmark
- Iceland
Italy
Spain
Norway
United Kingdom
- Cyprus
- Ionian islands
- Ireland
- Malta
- Menorca
- Heligoland