List of active separatist movements in Asia

Criteria

1. They are active movements with active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
3. They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
• * De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
• * Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
• * Political party : for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
• * Militant organisation: for armed organisations.
• * Advocacy group: for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
• * Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group.

Afghanistan

• Ethnic group: Uyghurs, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Turkmens, and other Turkic peoples
• * Proposed state: Southern Turkestan
• * Militant organisations: Turkestan Freedom Tigers

• Ethnic group: Hazara people
• * Proposed: self determination for Hazarajat
• * Political party: Hazarajat freedom movement

Azerbaijan

• People: Armenians in Azerbaijan
• * Proposed state: or unification with
• ** Political organisation: National Assembly

• People: Talysh people
• * Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan or independence or unification with Caspia.
• ** Political organisation: Talysh National Movement
• ** Government in exile: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

• Ethnic group: Lezgins
• * Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Lezgistan or unification with
• * Political organisation: Sadval movement, Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy

• Ethnic group: Udis
• * Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Udia or Caucasian Albania or unification with

• Ethnic group: Tats
• * Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Tatistan

Bangladesh

• Ethnic group: Jumma people
• * Proposed: Autonomy for the Chittagong Hill Tracts
• * Political parties: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, United People's Democratic Front

• Ethnic group: Kuki
• * Proposed state: Zale'n-gam
• * Militant organisation: Kuki National Army, Kuki-Chin National Front
• * Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

• Ethnic group: Zomi
• * Proposed state: Zogam
• * Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

• Ethnic group: Mro people
• * Proposed: autonomy for the Mro people

• Ethnic group: Khasi people
• * Proposed: autonomy for the Khasi people in Sylhet Division

China

• Ethnic group: Uyghurs
• * Proposed state: East Turkestan
• * Government-in-exile: East Turkistan Government-in-Exile
• * Militant organizations: Turkistan Islamic Party, East Turkestan Liberation Organization
• * Advocacy group: World Uyghur Congress, Campaign For Uyghurs, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement

• Ethnic group: Han Chinese of Hong Kong
• * Proposed state: Hong Kong or reunification with the as an Overseas Territory
• * Political parties: Youngspiration, Hong Kong Indigenous, Hong Kong National Party, Alliance of Resuming British Sovereignty over Hong Kong and Independence, Hong Kong Independence Party

• Ethnic group: Tibetan people
• * Proposed state: Tibet
• * Government-in-exile: Central Tibetan Administration
• * Advocacy groups: Tibetan Youth Congress, International Tibet Independence Movement

Minor movements

• Shanghainese nationalism
• Cantonese nationalism
• Inner Mongolian independence movement
• Manchuria Independence Movement
• Macau Independence Movement
• Komland Independence Movement
• Yuyencia independence movement
• Guangxi independece movement
• Yunnan independence movement
• Chahar Province independence movement
• Zhejiang independence movement
• Jiangsu independence movement
• Hunan independence movement
• Shandong independence movement
• Ningxia Independence movement

Georgia

• Ethnic group: Abkhazians
• * De facto state:
• ** Political organization: Government of Abkhazia
• ** Militant organization: Abkhazian Armed Forces

• People: Ossetians
• * De facto state:
• * Proposition: Recognition of South Ossetia as an independent state or unification with Russia or unification with to form a united independent Ossetia
• ** Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
• ** Militant organisation: Armed Forces of South Ossetia

• Ethnic group: Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti
• * Proposed: Autonomy for the region Javakhk (Javakheti) or unification with
• * Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance

• Ethnic group: Adjarians
• * Proposed: Autonomy for Adjara
• * Political Party: Adjara Party

India

• Proposed state: Assam
• * Ethnic group: Assamese people
• * Militant organizations: United Liberation Front of Asom

• Proposed state: Nagalim
• * Ethnic group: Naga people
• * Militant organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland

• Proposed: independence or autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir from India or unification with Pakistan
• * Ethnic group: Kashmiris
• * Political organizations: All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen
• * Political parties : Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference, Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party, Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
• * Militant organizations: Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizbul Mujahideen, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front

• Proposed state: Kamtapur or becoming a state of India
• * Ethnic group: Rajbanshi people
• * Political parties : Kamtapur People's Party
• * Militant organization: Kamtapur Liberation Organisation

• Proposed state: Zale'n-gam
• * Ethnic group: Kuki, Bnei Menashe
• * Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
• * Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

• Proposed state: Manipur
• * Ethnic groups: Meitei, Pangal, Naga
• * Government-in-exile: Manipur State Council
• * Militant organizations: United National Liberation Front, People's Liberation Army of Manipur, Kangleipak Communist Party, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak, Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup, Maoist Communist Party of Manipur

• Proposed state: Meghalaya
• * Ethnic groups: Khasi people, Pnar people
• * Militant organization: Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council
• * Advocacy group: Seng Khasi Movement

• Proposed state: Mizoram
• Ethnic group: Mizo people
• *Political parties: Mizo National Front, Zoram People's Movement, Hmar People's Convention

• Ethnic group: Zomi
• * Proposed state: Zogam
• * Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

• Proposed state: Khalistan
• * Ethnic group: Punjabis
• * Political organizations: Dal Khalsa, Sikhs for Justice, Punjab De
• * Political parties: Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De), Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
• * Militant organizations: Babbar Khalsa, Khalistan Commando Force, Khalistan Liberation Force, Khalistan Zindabad Force, Khalistan Tiger Force, ISYF, AISSF

• Proposed state: Kingdom of Sikkim
• Political party: Sikkim Krantikari Morcha

• Proposed state: Tipraland
• *Ethnic group: Tripuri people
• *Political parties: Tipra Motha Party, Tipraland State Party, Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra
• *Militant organisation: National Liberation Front of Tripura, All Tripura Tiger Force

• Ethnic group: Tani people
• * Proposed: creation of Taniland
• * Militant organization: National Socialist Council for Taniland, United Tani Army

• Proposed: Independent Jharkhand
• Political Parties: Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

• State or extended autonomous area: Rabha Hasong
• * Ethnic group: Rabha people
• * Militant organizations: Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch, Rabha Vipers Army, Rabha National Liberation Army, Rabha Jatiya Mukti Bahini

• Ethnic group: Indian Gorkhas
• * Proposal: creation of a separate autonomous Gorkhaland state within India
• * Political movement: Gorkhaland movement
• * Political parties: Gorkha National Liberation Front, Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha

• Ethnic group: Ladakhis
• * Proposed autonomous region: Ladakh

• Ethnic group: Garo people
• * Proposal: making the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council into an autonomous state of India
• * Political party: Garo National Council

• Ethnic group: Bundelkhandi
• * Proposal: making the region of Bundelkhand into a state of India
• * Political party: Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha

• Ethnic group: Marathi people
• * Proposal: separation of Vidarbha from the state of Maharashtra
• * Political party: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti

• Ethnic group: Goans
• * Proposed autonomous region: Goa
• * Political party: Niz Goenkar Revolution Front

• Ethnic group: Dogri people
• * Proposal: separation of the Jammu region from Jammu and Kashmir as a separate state within india
• * Political party: Ikkjutt Jammu

• Ethnic group: Bodo people
• * Proposal: statehood for Bodoland
• * Political party: Bodo National Students Union

• Ethnic group: Telugu people
• * Proposed: turning Rayalaseema into a state of India
• * Political party: Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi

• Ethnic group: Bhil people
• * Proposed: creation of Bhil Pradesh as a state of India

• Ethnic group: Maithils
• * Proposed: creation of a Seemanchal state in India

• Ethnic group: Kodava people
• * Proposed: autonomy for Kodagu district
• * Political party: Codava National Council

• Ethnic group: Bengalis
• * Proposed: creation of a Barak Valley state within India
• * Political party: Barak Democratic Front

Indonesia

• Ethnic group: Acehnese
• * Proposed state: Aceh
• * Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement
• * Advocacy group: Aceh–Sumatra National Liberation Front

• Ethnic group: Balinese
• * Proposed autonomous area or state: Bali
• * Advocacy group: Bali Government, ForBALI

• Ethnic group: Sundanese
• * Proposed autonomous area or state: Pasundan
• * Advocacy group: Free Pasundan Movement

• Ethnic group: Dayaks
• * Proposed autonomous area or state: Kalimantan

• Ethnic group: Moluccans
• * Proposed state: South Maluku
• * Government-in-exile: Republic of South Maluku
• * Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front

• Ethnic group: Minahasan
• * Proposed state: Greater Minahasa
• * Advocacy group: Free Minahasa Movement

• Ethnic group: Riau Malays
• * Proposed state: Riau or unification with
• * Advocacy group: Free Riau Movement

• Ethnic group: Sumbawan
• * Proposed autonomous area: Sumbawa

Iran

• Ethnic group: Khuzestani Arabs
• * Proposed state: Al-Ahwaz
• * Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation, Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz
• * Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz

• Ethnic groups: Kurds
• * Proposed state: Kurdistan
• * Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran
• * Militant organisations: Kurdistan Free Life Party, Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan

• Ethnic groups: Iranian Azerbaijanis
• * Proposed state: South Azerbaijan or unification with
• *Advocacy group: South Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement, Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization Turkemenshara

• Ethnic group: Balochis
• * Proposed state: Balochistan in Sistan and Baluchestan province with Pakistani Balochistan and Baloch majority territories in Southern Afghanistan
• * Militant organisations: Jundallah. Jaish ul-Adl, People's Fighters Front, Ansar Al-Furqan, Balochistan Liberation Army, Balochistan Liberation Front

Iraq

• Ethnic group: Kurds
• Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Iraqi Kurdistan
• * Political parties: Kurdistan Independence Movement, Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
• * Militant organisation: Peshmerga
• Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains
• * Ethnic group: Assyrians, Christians in Iraq, Mandaeans
• ** Proposed state:
• ** Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Universal Alliance, Assyria Liberation Party
• ** Militant organisation: Nineveh Plain Protection Units
• ** Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
• Proposed autonomous area: Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region
• * Ethnic groups: Assyrians, Turkmen, Yazidis
• ** Political parties: Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Yazidi Independent Supreme Council and the Al-Rafidain Organization

• Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Basra Governorate
• *Proposal: Basra has proposed uniting with the Dhi Qar and Maysan governorates as an autonomous region or total independence

• Ethnic group: Iraqi Turkmen
• * Proposed autonomous region or state: Turkmeneli
• * Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front

• Ethnic group: Yazidis
• * Proposal: autonomy for the Sinjar region, including the Sinjar Mountains
• * Political parties: Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Sinjar Alliance

• Religious group: Sunnis
• * Proposed: creation of a autonomous Sunni region within Iraq

• Proposed: elevating in the Al-Zubair District into a province

• Religious group: Shiites
• * Proposed: autonomy for south Iraq

Japan

• Ethnic group: Ryukyuan
• * Proposed state or autonomous area: Republic of Ryukyu or Ryukyu Kingdom
• * Political parties: Kariyushi Club, formerly Ryūkyū Independence Party
• * Political groups: Ryukyu independence movement
• * Note: The supporters of the movement want the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct Ryukyu Kingdom until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu.

• Ethnic group: Japanese people
• * Proposed: autonomy for Kansai region
• * Political party: Union of Kansai Governments

• Ethnic group: Japanese people
• * Proposed: creation of a Kyushu Prefecture

Kazakhstan

• ethnic group: Russians in Kazakhstan
• * proposed: independence for the Russians in Kazakhstan

• Ethnic group: Kazakhs
• * Proposed state: Adaistan

• Ethnic group: Koryo-saram
• * Proposed: autonomy for the Koryo-saram

Kyrgyzstan

• Ethnic group: Uzbeks
• * Proposed state: Osh

Laos

• Ethnic group: Hmong people
• * Proposed state or autonomous area: ChaoFa Hmong
• * Organization: Congress of World Hmong People

Malaysia

• Ethnic groups: Johor Malays and Johoreans
• * proposed state:

• Ethnic groups: Chinese and indigenous people,
• Proposed state: Sabah
• * Advocacy groups: Borneo Heritage Foundation, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia

• Ethnic groups: Chinese and indigenous people,
• Proposed state: Sarawak
• * Advocacy groups: Borneo Heritage Foundation, Sarawak For Sarawakian Big Team, Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations, Sarawak Sovereignty Movement, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia, Sarawak Liberation Movement
• * Political parties: Parti Bumi Kenyalang

Myanmar

• Ethnic group: Rakhine
• * Proposed state: Arakan State
• * Advocacy groups: Arakan Independence Alliance
• *Militant organizations: Arakan Army (Kachin State), Arakan Army (Kayin State)

• Ethnic group: Chin
• De Facto State: Chinland
• Political Party: Chin National Front
• * Militant organisation: Chin National Army

• ethnic group: Kachin
• * proposed state: Kachin
• * militant organization: Kachin Independence Army

• Ethnic group: Karen
• * Proposed state: Kawthoolei
• * Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army
• * Advocacy group: Karen National Union

• Ethnic group: Karenni
• * Proposed state: Kayah State
• * Militant organisation: Karenni Army
• * Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party
• * Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government

• Ethnic group: Kokang people
• * Proposed state: Kokang
• * Militant organisation: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army

• Ethnic group: Mon
• * Proposed state: Mon State, Monland
• * Political party: New Mon State Party

• Proposed state: Nagalim
• * Ethnic group: Naga people
• * Militant organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland

• Ethnic group: Rohingya
• * Militant organisation: Arakan Rohingya Army, Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, Rohingya Solidarity Organization
• * Advocacy groups: Arakan Rohingya National Organisation, Rohingya National Council

• Ethnic group: Shan
• * Proposed state: [Federated Shan people|Shan States|Shan Republic]
• * Political party: Shan Democratic Union
• * Militant organisation: Shan State Army
• * Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State
• * Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States

• Proposed state: Pa'O Self-Administered Zone
• * Ethnic group: Pa'O
• * Militant organisation: Pa-O National Liberation Army

• Proposed state: Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone
• * Ethnic group: Palaung
• * Militant organisation: Palaung State Liberation Army

• Ethnic group: Wa
• * Proposed/de facto State: Wa State
• * Political party: United Wa State Party
• * Militant organisation: United Wa State Army

• Ethnic group: Kuki
• * Proposed state: Zale'n-gam
• * Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
• * Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

• Ethnic group: Zomi
• * Proposed state: Zogam
• * Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

• Ethnic group: Shanni
• * Proposed: self determination for the Shanni
• * Political party: Shanni Nationalities Army

• Ethnic group: Bamar people
• * Proposed: autonomy for the Bamar people in a federal Myanmar
• * Militant organization: Bamar People's Liberation Army

• Ethnic group: Danu people
• * Proposed: greater self rule for Danu Self-Administered Zone
• * Militant organization: Danu People's Liberation Army

• Ethnic group: Lahu people
• * Proposed: self determination for Lahu people
• * Political party/militant organization: Lahu Democratic Union

• Ethnic group: Kayan people
• * Proposed: autonomy for the Kayan people
• * Militant organization: Kayan National Army

• Ethnic group: Daai Chin
• * Proposed: autonomy for the Daai Chin
• * Advocacy group: Daai regional council

Nepal

• Ethnic group: Kiratis
• * Proposed state: Kirat
• * Political party: Kirat Janabadi Workers Party

• Ethnic group: Madhesi peoples.
• * Proposed state: Madhesh
• * Militant organisations: Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, Madhesh Mukti Tigers, Tharuwan National Liberation Front
• * Advocacy group: Alliance for Independent Madhesh, Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party, Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (2007), Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party

• Ethnic group: Tharu people
• * Proposed: autonomy for Tharuhat

• Ethnic group: Newar people
• * Proposed: creation of an autonomous Newar autonomous region
• * Political party: Newa Rastriya Mukti Morcha

Pakistan

• Proposed: secession of Kashmir from
• * Ethnic groups: Kashmiri Muslims, Kashmiris
• * Political party: Azad Kashmir Plebiscite Front
• * Student organization: Jammu Kashmir Student Liberation Front
• * Militant organisation: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front

• Proposed: autonomy for Gilgit-Baltistan and declaration as the fifth province of Pakistan or succession into Balawaristan
• * Ethnic groups: Baltis, Shins
• * Political party: Balawaristan National Front and Balawaristan National Front (Naji)

• Ethnic group: Balochis
• * Proposed state: Balochistan along with Sistan and Baluchestan of Iran and some parts of Afghanistan
• * Political parties: Baloch National Movement,, Baloch Republican Party, Free Balochistan Movement
• * Student organization: Baloch Students Organization
• * Militant organisations: Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar coalition, Baloch Liberation Army, Baloch Liberation Front, Jaysh al-Adl and Other groups.

• Ethnic group: Sindhis
• * Proposed state: Sindhudesh
• * Political parties: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz, Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz, Sindh United Party
• * Student organization: Jeay Sindh Studdents' Federation
• * Militant organization: Sindhudesh Liberation Army, Sindhudesh People's Army and Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army

• Proposed: Southern Punjab be separated into a separate province called Saraikistan in the Saraiki-speaking areas
• * Ethnic group: Saraikis
• * Political party: Saraikistan Qaumi Council, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), and Pakistan People's Party

• Ethnic group: Pashtuns
• * Proposition: Advocating for the regional autonomy and increased Pashtun cultural expression or an independent state called Pashtunistan consisting of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and North Balochistan or accession with Afghanistan
• * Political party: Awami National Party, Taliban
• * Militant organisations: Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan/Pakistani Taliban

• Ethnic group: Muhajirs
• * Proposition: Independence for Jinnahpur or creation of a separate province known as 'Muhajir Sooba' for the Muhajir people in Southern Sindh
• * Political Parties: Muttahida Qaumi Movement – London
• * Militant organisation: MQM–London

• Ethnic group: Hazarewals
• * Proposed: establishment of a separate Hazara province in Pakistan
• * Advocacy group: Hazara province movement

• Ethnic group: Kalash people
• * Proposed: a separate province for the Kalasha Valleys

• Ethnic group: Saraikis
• * Proposed: creation of a Bahawalpur province within Pakistan

Palestine

• Proposed: independence for Hebron

The Philippines

• Ethnic groups: Moro
• * Proposed state/autonomous area: Bangsa Sūg

• Ethnic group: Igorot
• * Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region or Autonomous Region of the Cordillera
• * Advocacy groups: Autonomy in the Administrative Cordillera Movement, Cordillera People's Liberation Army, Cordillera Bodong Administration

• Ethnic group: Mindanaoans
• * Proposed: independence for Mindanao
• * Advocacy group: Mindanao Independence Movement
• Ethnic group: Maguindanao people
• * Proposed state:
• * Militant organization: Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters

Russia

• Ethnic group: Russians, Siberians
• * Proposed state or federal subject: Siberian Republic
• ** Militant organisation: Sibir Battalion of the Civic Council
• *** Advocacy groups: Siberian regionalist groups, Civil Council

• Ethnic group: Chechens
• * Proposed state:
• * Political parties: Government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in Exile
• * Militant organisations:
• ** Sheikh Mansur Battalion
• ** Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion
• ** Separate Special Purpose Battalion of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
• ** OBON (Independent Special Purpose Battalion)
• ** 1st Separate Special Purpose Battalion of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

• Ethnic group: Circassians
• * Proposed state: Circassia
• * Political organizations: Circassian Congress, International Circassian Association

• Ethnic groups: Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Nogais
• * Proposed state:
• * Political organizations: Dagestan National Center, Free Dagestan Movement
• Ethnic group: Buryats
• * Proposed state: or unification with Mongolia
• ** Advocacy groups: Free Buryatia Foundation

• Ethnic group: Russians, Siberian Tatars
• * Proposed state: Ural Republic
• * Political parties: Ural Republic Movement, Free Ural, Ural Democratic Foundation

• Ethnic groups: Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Mari, Mordvins, Udmurts
• * Proposed state: Idel-Ural State
• * Political parties: Free Idel-Ural, Idel-Ural National Liberation Movement, Azatliq Radikal Tatar Party
• Ethnic group: Yakuts, Evenki people, Evens
• * Proposed state: Yakutia
• ** Political party: Foundation Free Yakutia
• Ethnic group: Tuvans
• * Proposed state; Republic of Tyva
• ** Political parties: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front of Tuva

• Ethnic group: Koryak people
• * Proposed: re-establishment of the Koryak Okrug

• Ethnic group: Russians, Ukrainians, Tungusic peoples, Koryo-saram, Chinese
• * Proposed: independence for the "Green Wedge"
• * Advocacy group: Far eastern movement

• Ethnic group: Russians,Don Cossacks
• * Proposed state:
• * Political organizations: Free Don Movement

• Ethnic groups: Russians,Kuban Cossacks,Ukrainians,Circassians
• * Proposed state:
• * Political organizations: Free Kuban Movement
• Ethnic group: Khakas
• * Proposed: independence for

• Ethnic group: Kalmyks
• * Proposed state:
• * Political organizations: Free Kalmykia Movement, Oirat-Kalmyk Congress
• Ethnic group: Altai people
• * Proposed: independence for
• Ethnic group: Khanty, Mansi
• * Proposed state: Yugra
• Ethnic group: Russians, Siberian Tatars, Oirats, Evenki people, Dolgans, Kets, Nganasan, Selkups
• * Proposed state: Yenisei republic
• Ethnic group: Nenets
• * Proposed: Independence for the
• Ethnic group: Dolgans
• * Proposed: reinstatement of the
• Ethnic group: Buryats
• * Proposed: re establishment of the
• Ethnic group: Evenki people
• * Proposed: re establishment of
• Ethnic group: Russians and Jews
• * Proposed: independence for the
• Ethnic group: Chukchi, Kereks, Yupik, Evens, Chuvans
• * Proposed: independence for the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
• Ethnic group: Itelmens, Koryaks, Alyutors
• * Proposed: independence for

• Ethnic group: Yukaghir people
• * Proposed autonomous region: Suuktul
• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed state: Amur
• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed state: Chita Republic

• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed state:
• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed state: Irkutsk

Saudi Arabia

• Ethnic group: Arabs
• * Proposed: independence for
• * Advocacy group: Hejaz Parliament

• Ethnic group: Arabs
• * Proposed state: Qatif and Al-Ahsa

Sri Lanka

• Ethnic group: Sri Lankan Tamils
• * Proposed state:
• * Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam, etc.
• * Political parties: Tamil National Alliance, People's Front of Liberation Tigers
• * Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam
• * Advocacy groups: Global Tamil Forum, Tamil Youth Organisation, World Tamil Movement

Syria

• Larger ethnic groups: Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians
• Smaller ethnic groups: Armenians, Turkmen, Yazidis, Circassians, Christians
• * Political organisation: Syrian Democratic Council
• * Militant organisation: Syrian Democratic Forces

• Ethnic group: Druze
• * Proposed Autonomous Region: Jabal Druze State or unification with
• * Political organisation: Supreme Legal Committee in Suwayda
• * Militant organisation: National Guard

• Ethnic group: Assyrians, Christians in Syria
• * Proposed state: Assyria
• * Political parties: Syriac Union Party, Assyrian Democratic Organization
• * Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro
• * Advocacy groups: Assyria Council of Europe,

• Ethnic group: Alawites
• * Proposed: establishment of an autonomous Alawite state in Syria
• * Advocacy group: Alawite Party

Taiwan

• Proposed state: Republic of Taiwan
• * Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism
• ** Note: The Democratic Progressive Party has been democratically elected to power in Taiwan five times; in 2000 (until 2004), in 2004 (until 2008), in 2016 (until 2020), in 2020 (until 2024), and in 2024 (until 2028). Although the DPP has been the nominal ruling party of the Republic of China throughout these four ruling terms, the DPP has been pushing a pro-Taiwan independence agenda, whether tacitly or overtly. Some representatives of the DPP, such as Lai Ching-te, argue that Taiwan independence should not even be considered an "independence movement" but is rather the recognition of the reality of the current situation of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Many supporters of Taiwan independence believe that Taiwan, under the formal name of the "Republic of China", is already an independent country from mainland China, under the formal name of the "People's Republic of China". Some groups also exclude the Kinmen and Matsu Islands from their proposal.
• * Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition, New Power Party, Taiwan Statebuilding Party
• * Advocacy groups: Keep Taiwan Free, World United Formosans for Independence

• Ethnic group: Native Taiwanese
• * Proposed: autonomy for the indigenous peoples of Taiwan
• * Political party: Taiwan First Nations Party

Tajikistan

• Ethnic group: Hindus in Tajikistan
• * Proposed state: Hisor

Thailand

• Ethnic group: Patani Malays
• * Proposed state: Pattani Darul Makrif, unification with
• * Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organisation, Patani Malays National Revolutionary Front, Runda Kumpulan Kecil, Pattani Islamic Mujahideen Movement, Islamic Liberation Front of Patani
• *Advocacy group: Pelajar Bangsa

• Ethnic group: Isan people
• * Proposed: autonomy for Isan
• * Advocacy group: New Isan Movement

• Ethnic group: Northern Thai people
• * Proposed: autonomy for Northern Thailand/Lan Na

Turkey

• Ethnic group: Kurds
• * Proposed state: Kurdistan
• * Militant organisations: Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North, Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan, Communist Party of Kurdistan
• Ethnic group: Assyrians, Arab Christians
• * Proposed state:
• * Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyria Liberation Party
• * Militant organisations: Nineveh Plain Protection Units, Dwekh Nawsha
• * Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
• Ethnic group: Armenians
• * Proposed state: or merger with
• * Government in Exile: Western Armenia Government in Exile
• * Political parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
• * Advocacy groups: Armenian National Committee of America

• Ethnic group: Zazas
• * Proposed state: Zazaistan
• ** Political parties: Democracy Time Party
• ** Advocacy groups: Federation of Zaza Associations

• Ethnic group: Pontic Greeks
• * Proposed state: Pontus

Turkmenistan

• Ethnic group: Turkmen people
• * Proposed state: Yomudistan

United Arab Emirates

• Ethnic group: Arabs
• * Proposed: secession of from the
• * Advocacy group: Ruler of Sharjah
• Ethnic group: Arabs
• * Proposed state:

Uzbekistan

• ethnic group: Karakalpaks
• * proposed state:

Vietnam

• Ethnic group: Montagnard
• *Proposed: autonomy or independence of the
• *Political organisations: Montagnard Foundation, Inc., Montagnard Dega Association, Montagnard Human Rights Organization, United Montagnard People, M'Nong Bu-dang, Movement for the Unity of Ethnic Groups of South Viet-Nam

• Ethnic group: Hmong people
• * Proposed state or autonomous area: ChaoFa Hmong

• Ethnic group: Khmer Krom
• *Proposed: Autonomy for the Khmer Krom or unification with Cambodia
• *Political party: Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation

Yemen

• Proposed state: State of South Arabia
• * Political parties: Southern Movement
• * Regional groups: Southern Yemenis, Mahris and Soqotrans
• Proposed autonomous area: Hadhramaut Region
• * De facto autonomous government: Hadramout National Council
• * Political parties: Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance, Hadhrami League,
• * Militant organisation: Hadhrami Elite Forces
• * Regional groups: Hadharem, Mahris and Soqotrans
• Tihamah
• * Proposed: autonomy for Tihamah