List of Turkic languages
The Turkic languages are a group of languages spoken across Central Asia, West Asia, North Asia as well as Eastern Europe.
Turkic languages are spoken as native languages by some 200 million people.
Turkic languages by subfamily
The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates and were rounded:| Number | Branch | Languages | Status | Native Speakers | Majority | Main Writing System |
| 1 | Oghuz languages | 8 | Normal | 121,000,000 | Latin | |
| 2 | Karluk languages | 4 | Normal | 43,500,000 | Latin | |
| 3 | Kipchak languages | 12 | Normal | 27,000,000 | Cyrillic | |
| 4 | Siberian Turkic languages | 9 | Vulnerable | 800,000 | Cyrillic | |
| 5 | Argu languages | 1 | Vulnerable | 50,000 | Persian | |
| 6 | Oghuric languages | 1 | Vulnerable | 1,200,000 | Cyrillic | |
| Total | Turkic languages | 35 | Normal | 193,800,000 | Latin |
Turkic languages by the number of speakers
The Turkic languages are a language family of at least 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples. The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates and were rounded:Endangered Turkic languages
An endangered language, or moribund language, is a language that is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or shift to speaking another language. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead language".26 endangered Turkic languages exist in World. The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates and were rounded:
| Number | Name | Status | Speakers | Main Country |
| 1 | Bashkir language | Vulnerable | 1,500,000 | |
| 2 | Chuvash language | Vulnerable | 1,200,000 | |
| 3 | Khorasani Turkic language | Vulnerable | 1,000,000 | |
| 4 | Crimean Tatar language | Vulnerable | 600,000 | |
| 5 | Kumyk language | Vulnerable | 450,000 | |
| 6 | Yakut language | Vulnerable | 400,000 | |
| 7 | Karachay-Balkar language | Vulnerable | 400,000 | |
| 8 | Tuvan language | Vulnerable | 300,000 | |
| 9 | Urum language | Definitely endangered | 200,000 | |
| 10 | Gagauz language | Critically endangered | 150,000 | |
| 11 | Siberian Tatar language | Definitely endangered | 100,000 | |
| 12 | Nogai language | Definitely endangered | 100,000 | |
| 13 | Dobrujan Tatar language | Severely endangered | 70,000 | |
| 14 | Salar language | Vulnerable | 70,000 | |
| 15 | Altai language | Severely endangered | 60,000 | |
| 16 | Khakas language | Definitely endangered | 50,000 | |
| 17 | Khalaj language | Vulnerable | 20,000 | |
| 18 | Äynu language | Critically endangered | 6,000 | |
| 19 | Western Yugur language | Severely endangered | 5,000 | |
| 20 | Shor language | Severely endangered | 3,000 | |
| 21 | Dolgan language | Definitely endangered | 1,000 | |
| 22 | Krymchak language | Critically endangered | 200 | |
| 23 | Tofa language | Critically endangered | 100 | |
| 24 | Karaim language | Critically endangered | 100 | |
| 25 | Ili Turki language | Severely endangered | 100 | |
| 26 | Chulym language | Critically endangered | 50 |
Famous Turkic Dialects
Ancestral
Common Turkic (Shaz Turkic / Z Turkic)">Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic (Shaz Turkic / Z Turkic)
Siberian Turkic
- **South Siberian
- ***Altai Turkic
- ****Northern Altai
- *****Tuba
- *****Kumandy/Qumanda
- ******Turachak
- ******Solton
- ******Starobardinian
- *****Chalkan
- ***Chulym Turkic
- ****Chulym
- *****Lower Chulym
- *****Middle Chulym
- *****Upper Chulym
- ***Sayan Turkic
- ****Tofa
- *****Tuha
- *****Tsengel Tuvan
- ****Tuvan
- *****Western/Khemchik River
- *****Central. Forms the basis of the standard and literary language and includes:
- ******Ovyur
- ******Bii-Khem
- *****Northeastern/Todzhi.
- *****Southeastern.
- ****Taiga
- *****Dukha or Tsaatan - spoken by the Dukha people of Tsagaan-Nuur county of Khövsgöl Province
- *****Soyot-Tsaatan language spoken in the Okinsky District in Buryatia; now they speak the Buryat language)
- ***Orkhon Turkic / Old Turkic / Old Uyghur
- ****Yenisei Turkic
- *****Khakas
- ******Sagay/Saghay
- ******Kacha/Qaça
- ******Koybal
- ******Beltir
- ******Kyzyl/Qizil
- ******Kyrgyz language|Fuyu Kyrgyz]
- *****Shor
- ******Mrassu
- *******Upper Mrassu
- ******Kondoma
- *******Upper-Kondoma
- *****Western Yugur or "Yellow Uighur"
- **North Siberian
- ***Yakut language
- ****Central
- *****Western Lena
- *****Eastern Lena
- *****Aldan
- ****Peripheral
- *****Northwestern
- *****Northeastern
- ***Dolgan
- ****Eastern – Khatanga
- ****Central – Avam
- ****Western – Yenisei, Norilsk
Karluk (Southeastern)
Historically in Central Asia there was a distinction between sedentary, called Sart or Taranchi, and nomadic peoples. Many times it was used confusingly because it was a generic word for several peoples and their languages and also because it had different meanings at different historical times. Strictly it was not an ethnic or linguistic definition but one of a lifestyle.- **Chagatai or Turki
- ***Pre-classical Chagatai
- ****Classical Chagatai
- *****Post-classical Chagatai
- ****Khorezmian Turkic
- ***East
- ****Uyghur
- *****Eastern: Spoken in an area stretching from Qarkilik towards north to Qongköl
- *****Central: Spoken in an area stretching from Kumul towards south to Yarkand
- *****Southern: Spoken in an area stretching from Guma towards east to Qarkilik
- *****Lop
- ****Ili Turki
- ***West
- ****Uzbek
- *****Northern Uzbek
- ******Ferghana Uzbek
- ******Tashkent Uzbek
- ******Chimkent/Shymkent-Turkestan Uzbek
- ******Surkhandarya Uzbek
- ******Khorezm Uzbek
- *****Southern Uzbek / Afghan Uzbek
Kipchak (Northwestern)
- **Kipchak
- ***South Kipchak
- ****Kipchak-Nogai
- *****Dobrujan Tatar
- ******Şól
- ******Nogay
- ******Yalîbolu
- *****Fergana Kipchak
- *****Kazakh
- ******Eastern Kazakh
- ******Southern Kazakh
- ******Northern Kazakh
- ******Western Kazakh
- *****Karakalpak
- ******Northeastern Karakalpak
- ******Southwestern Karakalpak
- ******Fergana Valley Karakalpak?
- *****Nogai
- ******Karanogay-Nogai Proper
- *******Karanogay or Qara-Nogai, spoken in Dagestan
- *******Central Nogai or Nogai Proper, in Stavropol
- ******Aqnogai, by the Kuban River, its tributaries in Karachay–Cherkessia, and in the Mineralnye Vody District. Qara-Nogai and Nogai Proper are very close linguistically, whereas Aqnogai is more different.
- ****Kyrgyz-Kypchak
- *****Kyrgyz
- ******Northern Kyrgyz
- ******Southern Kyrgyz
- *****Southern Altai
- ******Altai proper
- *******Mayma
- ******Telengit
- *******Tölös
- *******Chuy
- ******Teleut
- *****Siberian Tatar
- ******East Siberian Tatar
- *******Tom
- *******Baraba
- ******West Siberian Tatar
- *******Tobol-Irtysh
- ***North Kipchak
- ****Old Tatar / Old Bashkir
- *****Bashkir
- ******Southern
- *******Dim
- *******Egän
- *******Eyek-Haqmar
- *******Middle
- *******Örşäk
- ******Eastern
- *******Arğayaş
- *******Qyźyl
- *******Meyäs
- *******Halyot
- ******Northwestern
- *******Tanyp
- *******Ğäynä
- *******Qariźel
- *******Lower Ağiźel
- *******Middle Ural
- *****Tatar
- ******Central/Middle
- ******Western
- ***West Kipchak
- ****Cuman
- *****Karachay-Balkar - Kumyk
- ******Karachay-Balkar
- *******Karachay-Baksan-Chegem
- *******Balkar
- ******Kumyk
- *******Terek
- *******Khasavyurt
- *******Buynaksk
- *******Khaitag
- *******Podgorniy
- *****Crimean Tatar
- ******Northern
- ******Middle
- ******Southern/Coastal Crimean Tatar
- ******Krymchak
- ******Urum
- *******North Azovian
- *******Tsalka
- *****Karaim
- ******Crimean
- ******Trakai-Vilnius
- ******Lutsk-Halych
Oghuz (Southwestern Turkic)
- **East Oghuz
- ***Salar, an Oghuz language outlier strongly influenced by Karluk and Kipchak languages and also by non-Turkic languages like Tibetan and Chinese
- ****Qinghai Salar
- ****Ili Salar
- ***Turkmen
- ****Teke
- ****Nohurly
- ****Ýomud
- ****Änewli
- ****Hasarly
- ****Nerezim
- ****Gökleň
- ****Salyr
- ****Saryk
- ****Ärsary
- ****Çowdur
- ****Trukhmen
- **Transitional East-West Oghuz
- ***Khorasani Turkic
- ****North
- ****South/Razavi
- ****West
- **West Oghuz
- ***Azerbaijani
- *****Muqaddam
- *****Baharlu
- *****Nafar
- *****Qaragözlü
- *****Pishaqchi
- *****Bayatlu
- *****Qajar
- *****Tabrizi
- *****Iraqi Turkmen
- ****North Azerbaijani
- *****Salyan
- *****Lenkaran
- *****Qazakh
- *****Airym
- *****Borcala
- *****Terekeme
- *****Qyzylbash
- *****Nukha
- *****Zaqatala
- *****Qabala
- *****Yerevan
- *****Ordubad
- *****Ganja
- *****Shusha
- *****Karapapak
- *****Shirvan dialect
- ******Baku dialect
- *****Shamakhi
- *****Quba
- *****Derbend
- *****Nakhchivan
- ***Transitional Turkish Azerbaijani-Turkish
- ****Eastern Anatolian Turkish
- *****Meskhetian Turkish
- *****Hemshen Turkish
- *****Eastern Anatolian Turkish Proper
- *****Zaza Turkish
- *****Kurdish Turkish
- ****Northeastern Anatolian Turkish
- *****Laz Turkish
- *****Trebizond Turkish
- ***Old Anatolian Turkish
- ****Turkish
- *****Anatolian dialects
- ******Western Anatolian
- *******Central
- ********East central
- ********West Central
- *******Mediterranean /South
- ********Southwest
- ********Southeast
- *******Black Sea /North
- ********Çorum, Çankırı
- ********East Black Sea Coast
- ********West Black Sea Coast
- ********Sakarya-Izmit
- *******Aegean /West
- *******Yörük
- *****Istanbul dialect
- *****Syrian Turkmen
- *****Cypriot Turkish
- *****Balkanic/Rumelian/Danubian
- ******East Balkanic/East Rumelian/East Danubian
- *******Edirne
- ******West Balkanic/West Rumelian/West Danubian
- *****Karamanli Turkish
- ****Gagauz Turkish">Gagauz language">Gagauz Turkish
- *****Gajal
- *****Gerlovo Turk
- *****Karamanli
- *****Kyzylbash
- *****Surguch
- *****Tozluk Turk
- *****Yuruk
- *****Macedonian Gagauz
- *****Gagauz
- ******Bulgar Gagauzi
- ******Maritime Gagauzi
- ****Ottoman Turkish
- *****Fasih Türkçe : the language of poetry and administration, Ottoman Turkish in its strict sense
- *****Orta Türkçe : the language of higher classes and trade
- *****Kaba Türkçe : the language of lower classes.
- **South Oghuz
- ***Afshar
- ***Aynallu
- ***Qashqai
- ***Sonqori
- *Pecheneg
- **Pecheneg
Arghu
- **Khalaj
- ***Northern
- ***Southern
Oghur (Lir Turkic / R Turkic)">Oghur languages">Oghur (Lir Turkic / R Turkic)
- Proto-Oghur
- *Bulgar/Bolgar
- **Bulgar language|Volga Bulgar]
- ***Chuvash
- ****Anatri, or Lower
- ****Viryal, or Upper
- **Danube Bulgar
- *Khazar
Possible Turkic languages (all extinct)
Unclassified languages that may have been Turkic or members of other language families- Hunnic / Xiongnu
- *Hunnic / Hunnish - the language or languages of the Huns
- *Xiongnu - the language or languages of the Xiongnu
- Jie - the language of the Jie, might be a dialect of the Xiongnu language.
- Keraite - the language or languages of the Keraites
- Old Naiman - the language or languages of the old Naimans
- Pannonian Avar - the language or languages of the Pannonian Avars
- Tuoba - the language of Tuoba and possible related to Turkic languages.
Possible Mixed languages
Constructed languages
- Jalpi Türk language is a constructed language created by Ismail Gasprinsky in the 19th century.
- Ortatürk is a constructed language created by Baxtiyar Kärimov between 1993-2008.
- Öztürkçe is a semi-constructed, purified and controlled version of Turkish language.