Cypriot Turkish

Cypriot Turkish is a dialect of the Turkish language spoken by Turkish Cypriots both in Cyprus and in the diaspora.

History

Emanating from Anatolia and evolved for four centuries, Cypriot Turkish is the vernacular spoken by Cypriots with Ottoman ancestry, as well as by Cypriots who converted to Islam during Ottoman rule. It is understood by expatriate Cypriots living in the UK, United States, Australia and other parts of the world.
Cypriot Turkish consists of a blend of Ottoman Turkish and the Yörük dialect that is spoken in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey. In addition, it has absorbed influences from Greek, Italian and English. Cypriot Turkish is mutually intelligible with Standard Turkish.
Since the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, Turkish is found almost exclusively in Northern Cyprus, which is home to approximately 300,000 native Turkish speakers as of 2016 and 1,400 speakers in the south as of 2013. Of these, a significant number are immigrants from Turkey who do not speak the Cypriot variety of Turkish. Cypriot Turkish is not used officially in the north, where modern standard Turkish became the de facto official language of schools, government, and the media.

Phonology

Differences between standard Turkish and Cypriot Turkish

Cypriot Turkish is distinguished by a number of sound alternations not found in standard Turkish, but some of which are also quite common in other Turkish vernaculars:

Voicing of some unvoiced stops
* t↔d, k↔g
Preservation of earlier Turkic *ñ
Changing 1st person plural suffix
* z↔k
Unvoicing of some voiced stops
* b↔p
Lenition of final affricates
* ç ↔ ş

The last two alternations are more specific to Cypriot Turkish and are seen less often in other Turkish vernacular.

Consonants

Cypriot Turkish consonants are mostly the same as standard Turkish consonants. However, Cypriot Turkish has retained the phonemes and, whereas standard Turkish lost them.

Grammar

Cypriot Turkish is structured as a VO language as opposed to standard Turkish which is an OV language. It is very typical in forming a question.

Standard Turkish Okula gidecek misin? is, in Cypriot Turkish, Gideceñ okula?

Cypriot Turkish uses the aorist tense instead of the present simple tense, and very often in place of the future tense as well.

Standard Turkish Okula gidiyorum or Okula gideceğim are, in Cypriot Turkish, Giderim okula

Cypriot Turkish does not use the narrative/indefinite past, and only uses the simple past instead.

Standard Turkish Eve gitmiş is, in Cypriot Turkish, not used. Instead Eve gitti or Gitti eve suffices.

Cypriot Turkish also lacks the question suffix of mi. This is similar to colloquial Azerbaijani.

Standard Turkish Annen evde midir? is, in Cypriot Turkish, Anneñ evdedir?

In Cypriot Turkish, the reflexive pronoun in third person is different, namely geñni. In Standard Turkish, this would be kendisi.

Semantics

Typical questions usually do not qualify as standard Turkish questions because question suffixes are usually dropped by native Turkish Cypriots. Another subtle difference is the emphasis on verbs.