List of scientists in medieval Islamic world

Astronomers

• Ibrahim al-Fazari
• Muhammad al-Fazari
• Al-Khwarizmi
• Sanad ibn Ali
• Al-Marwazi
• Al-Farghani
• Al-Mahani
• Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
• Dīnawarī
• Banū Mūsā
• Abu Sa'id Gorgani
• Ahmad Nahavandi
• Al-Nayrizi
• Al-Battani
• Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
• Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi
• Al-Saghani
• Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
• Abu Al-Fadl Harawi
• Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
• Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
• Al-Majriti
• Ibn Yunus
• Kushyar ibn Labban
• Abu Nasr Mansur
• Abu l-Hasan 'Ali
• Ibn Sina
• Ibn al-Haytham
• Al-Bīrūnī
• Ali ibn Ridwan
• Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī
• Omar Khayyám
• Ibn Bajjah
• Ibn Tufail
• Ibn Rushd
• Al-Khazini
• Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji
• Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
• Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi
• Nasir al-Din Tusi
• Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
• Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
• Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
• Ibn al-Shatir
• Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī
• Jamshīd al-Kāshī
• Ulugh Beg
• Ali Qushji

  Psychiatrists

• Ibn Sirin, author of work on dreams and dream interpretation
• Al-Kindi , pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy
• Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology
• Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health, medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
• Al-Farabi , pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies
• Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi , pioneer of neurosurgery
• Ibn al-Haytham , founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception
• Al-Biruni, pioneer of reaction time
• Avicenna , pioneer of neuropsychiatry, thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness
• Ibn Zuhr , pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology
• Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease
• Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture

  Chemists and alchemists

• Khalid ibn Yazid
• Jafar al-Sadiq
• Jābir ibn Hayyān
• Al-Khwārizmī, algebra, mathematics
• Abbas Ibn Firnas
• Al-Kindi
• Al-Majriti
• Ibn Miskawayh
• Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
• Avicenna
• Al-Khazini
• Nasir al-Din Tusi
• Ibn Khaldun

  Economists and social scientists

• Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man, Islamic jurisprudence scholar
• Abu Yusuf, Islamic jurisprudence scholar
• Al-Saghani, one of the earliest historians of science
• Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, Anthropology", Indology
• Ibn Sīnā , economist
• Ibn Miskawayh, economist
• Al-Ghazali , economist
• Al-Mawardi, economist
• Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī , economist
• Ibn al-Nafis, sociologist
• Ibn Khaldun, forerunner of social sciences such as demography, cultural history, historiography, philosophy of history, sociology and economics
• Al-Maqrizi, economist

  Geographers and earth scientists

• Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography
• Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science
• Zakariya al-Qazwini, geographer, cozmographer, physicist and mathematician. He explained the formation of mountains and collected the latitude, longitude and climate of 700 cities together with their time differences in a book.
• al-Hamdani
• Ibn Al-Jazzar
• Al-Tamimi
• Al-Masihi
• Ali ibn Ridwan
• Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
• Ahmad ibn Fadlan
• Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, geodesy, geology and Anthropology
• Avicenna
• Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
• Averroes
• Ibn al-Nafis
• Ibn Jubayr
• Ibn Battuta
• Ibn Khaldun
• Piri Reis
• Evliya Çelebi

  Mathematicians

• Ali Qushji
• Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar
• Khalid ibn Yazid
• Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, algebra and algorithms
• 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk
• Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī, pioneer of symbolic algebra
• Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam
• Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī
• Al-Kindi
• Banū Mūsā
• * Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
• * Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
• Al-Mahani
• Ahmed ibn Yusuf
• Al-Majriti
• Al-Battani
• Al-Farabi
• Al-Nayrizi
• Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
• Brethren of Purity
• Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
• Al-Saghani
• Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
• Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
• Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
• Ibn Sahl
• Al-Sijzi
• Ibn Yunus
• Abu Nasr Mansur
• Kushyar ibn Labban
• Al-Karaji
• Ibn al-Haytham
• Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
• Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
• Al-Nasawi
• Al-Jayyani
• Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī
• Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
• Omar Khayyám
• Al-Khazini
• Ibn Bajjah
• Al-Ghazali
• Al-Marrakushi
• Al-Samawal
• Ibn Rushd
• Ibn Seena
• Hunayn ibn Ishaq
• Ibn al-Banna'
• Ibn al-Shatir
• Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
• Jamshīd al-Kāshī
• Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
• Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī
• Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
• Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
• Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher
• Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
• Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
• Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
• Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
• Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
• Ulugh Beg
• Al-Samawal al-Maghribi

  Philosophers

• Al-Kindi
• Averroes
• Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
• Al-Farabi
• Avicenna
• Ibn Arabi
• Rumi
• Jami
• Ibn Khaldun
• Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

  Physicists and engineers

• Mimar Sinan, also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ
• Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
• Banū Mūsā, 9th century
• * Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
• * Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
• * Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
• Abbas Ibn Firnas, 9th century
• Al-Saghani
• Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, 10th century
• Ibn Sahl, 10th century
• Ibn Yunus, 10th century
• Al-Karaji, 10th century
• Ibn al-Haytham, 11th century Iraqi scientist, optics, and experimental physics
• Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics
• Ibn Sīnā/Seena, 11th century
• Al-Khazini, 12th century
• Ibn Bajjah, 12th century
• Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi, 12th century
• Ibn Rushd, 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
• Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer
• Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
• Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
• Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century
• Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century