June 1922

June 1, 1922 (Thursday)

• The Royal Ulster Constabulary was formed as the police force of Northern Ireland and successor to the Royal Irish Constabulary.
• Rudolph Valentino appeared in Los Angeles court for a preliminary hearing on the bigamy charge against him. The courtroom was packed with spectators, mostly women, eager to see the screen idol.
• Born:
• *Povel Ramel, Swedish entertainer; in Östermalm, Sweden
• *Joan Caulfield, American actress and model; as Beatrice Joan Caulfield, in West Orange, New Jersey, United States
• *Lala Abdul Rashid, Pakistani field hockey player, goalkeeper for the Pakistan men's field hockey team at the 1960 Summer Olympics; in Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, British India

  June 2, 1922 (Friday)

• China's acting prime minister, Zhou Ziqi became the acting President of the Republic of China as Xu Shichang stepped aside.
• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, best known as the author of the Sherlock Holmes detective stories, premiered his film The Lost World, with the first showing at a dinner before the Society of American Magicians at New York City's Hotel McAlpin, and challenged the assembled illusionists to figure out how he had commissioned the unprecedented special effects.
• Aimo Cajander became Prime Minister of Finland.
• Voting concluded in elections in Hungary for the 245-member Hungarian National Assembly, with István Bethlen's Unity Party winning a majority with 140 seats. Voting began on May 28.
• Japan ratified the Shandong Treaty which improved relations with China and agreed to withdraw its troops from the Shandong Province, in return for China providing for protection of foreign construction workers building the Jinghu railway between Shanghai and Beijing.
• Born:
• *Charlie Sifford, American professional golfer, first African American player allowed on the PGA Tour in 1959; in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
• *Stanislav Chekan, Soviet Russian character actor; in Rostov-on-Don, Russian SFSR
• Died:
• *John Moses Cheney, 63, American federal judge and supporter of civil rights for African Americans
• * Mary Virginia Terhune, 91, bestselling American novelist

  June 3, 1922 (Saturday)

• Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen set out from Seattle toward Nome, Alaska on the schooner Maud, on an expedition to the North Pole.
• The Igor Stravinsky opera buffa Mavra premiered at the Paris Opera.
• YPF S.A., an Argentine corporation for oil and gas exploration, production and distribution, was incorporated in Buenos Aires. The company, Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales was the world's first oil company owned entirely by the government.

  June 4, 1922 (Sunday)

• Eighty people were killed when the Argentine steamer Villa Franca exploded and sank off of the coast of Paraguay, near Hohenau. The ship was transporting tourists from Argentina to Iguazu Falls when the blast took place at 1:40 in the morning, and "the vessel sank so quickly that the passengers had no time to dress or to get lifebelts."
• Born:
• * Samuel L. Gravely Jr., American Naval officer, first high-ranking African American officer in the United States Navy; in Richmond, Virginia, United States
• *Joe Vancisin, American basketball coach and inductee in the College Basketball Hall of Fame; in Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States
• Died: W. H. R. Rivers, 58, English neurologist and psychiatrist known for the treatment of World War I officers with shell shock; died of a strangulated hernia

  June 5, 1922 (Monday)

• The U.S. Supreme Court decided the case of Wyoming v. Colorado, a dispute between the two U.S. states over Colorado's upstream diversion of waters from the Laramie River that served the water needs of Wyoming. The Court ruled that Colorado's use of the Laramie River was limited, but not entirely precluded, by the needs of people downstream.
• Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral, aviators of the Portuguese Navy, completed the first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic Ocean, arriving in Pernambuco in Brazil 67 days after their departure from Lisbon in Portugal, losing their first two airplanes along the way. They arrived in Rio de Janeiro on June 17.
• Former German Foreign Minister Philipp Scheidemann, leader of Germany's Socialist Party, escaped an attack by young assassin while vacationing at the Wilhelmshohe resort near Kassel. The attacker jumped on at Scheidemann's and threw hydrogen cyanide at him. Scheidemann fired two shots at his assailant before being rendered unconscious, but recovered without injury.
• The U.S. state of Rhode Island licensed its first radio station, WEAN in Providence.

  June 6, 1922 (Tuesday)

• Elections were held for the Philippine House of Representatives and the Philippine Senate as part of the limited self-government for the U.S. territory. The Nacionalista Party, which was split into two factions, the Colectivistas headed by Manuel Quezon and the Unipersonalistas of Sergio Osmeña, had 64 of the seats in the 93-seat House and 17 in the 24-seat Senate.
• The collapse of two old buildings, both three stories tall, in Lviv buried 40 people inside at the time. According to the dispatch in the Associated Press, the buildings were "believed to have been shaken down by vibrations caused from a passing motor truck."
• The Soviet censorship agency Glavlit or Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs, was founded by decree of the Council of People's Commissars.
• Died:
• *Lillian Russell, 60-61, American stage actress and singer; died following an infection from injuries sustained on her return trip back from a fact-finding tour of Europe on behalf of President Harding
• *Richard A. Ballinger, 63, American politician, served as U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1909 to 1911

  June 7, 1922 (Wednesday)

• The State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company was founded in Bloomington, Illinois by tractor salesman George J. Mecherle, who had organized a mutual insurance company to lower the rates of farmer in central Illinois.
• The British Mount Everest expedition was called off after an avalanche killed seven of the 17 mountaineers on the team of Nepalese Sherpa porters carrying the supplies.
• The Greek Navy armored cruiser Georgios Averof shelled the Turkish city of Samsun, prompting the Ottoman government to deport Greek residents in western towns and villages under Turkish control.
• Born: Hubert du Plessis, South African classical music composer; in Malmesbury, Western Cape, Union of South Africa

  June 8, 1922 (Thursday)

• King Alexander of Yugoslavia married Maria of Romania in a small cathedral in Belgrade. A crowd of 100,000 people turned out in the rain to watch the royal procession through the streets.
• The Soviet Union's first "show trial", the Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries, began in Moscow for the 12 members of the Central Committee of the anti-Bolshevik Socialist Revolutionary Party and 22 other members. With three judges presiding in the traditional Soviet arrangement, the proceedings lasted until August 7. The 12 members of the leadership were all found guilty of conspiracy. Their death sentences were commuted, but all 12 would later be executed for different charges after the Great Purge of 1937.
• Died:
• *Phebe Sudlow, 90, the first female superintendent of a public school system in the United States and the first female professor at the University of Iowa
• *Henry T. Oxnard, 61, French-born American businessman and founder of the American Crystal Sugar Company, for whom the city of Oxnard, California, is named; died of a heart attack

  June 9, 1922 (Friday)

• Finland's Åland was allowed self-government as the Regional Assembly convened for its first plenary session in Mariehamn. Today, the day is celebrated as Self-Government Day of Åland.
• Polish-born American engineer Joseph T. Tykociner of the University of Illinois gave the first public demonstration in the U.S. of a motion picture with sound recorded directly with the film. His wife, Helena Tykociner, appeared in the short motion picture saying "I will ring," and then ringing a bell.
• In Soviet Russia, the Council of People's Commissars rejected the commercial treaty signed with Italy on May 24.
• Died: William Gowland, 79, British mining engineer known for his work as an archaeologist in Japan

  June 10, 1922 (Saturday)

• Li Yuanhong became President of the Republic of China. After arriving in Beijing, President Li's first act was to appoint the former Chinese Ambassador to the United States, Wu Ting-fang, as the new Prime Minister, with Foreign Minister W. W. Yen as the Acting Premier until Wu's arrival. Premier Wu, however, became sick with pneumonia on his way to Beijing and died four days after the announcement, on June 23.
• The Joint Service Pay Readjustment Act was signed into law by U.S. President Warren G. Harding. The new law provided for equal policies for compensation in the U.S. Armed Forces. An amendment within the Act elevated the United States Coast Guard to a branch of the armed services.
• Henry M. Leland, who had founded the Lincoln Motor Company and his son Wilfred, were fired from management of the Lincoln division of the Ford Motor Company, four months after Ford Motor had purchased the luxury car company. Ernest G. Liebold, representative of Henry Ford, announced that Ford had demanded the resignations of both men.
• Pillory won the Belmont Stakes horse race.
• Born:
• *Judy Garland, American actress and singer; as Frances Gumm, in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States
• *Rose Mofford, American politician and the first woman to serve as Governor of Arizona; as Rose Perica, in Globe, Arizona, United States
• *Robert Alan Aurthur, American screenwriter, director and producer; in New York City, United States
• *Bill Kerr, South African-born British and Australian comedian; in Cape Town, Union of South Africa
• Died: Harry Collingwood, 79, British children's novelist known for his books about sea adventures