Centruroides
Centruroides is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size ; most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides limpidus limpidus contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2.
Taxonomy
The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species:Centruroides alayoni Armas, 1999Centruroides altagraciae Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015Centruroides anchorellus Armas, 1976Centruroides arctimanus Armas, 1976Centruroides baergi Hoffmann, 1932Centruroides balsasensis Ponce & Francke, 2004Centruroides bani Armas & Marcano Fondeur, 1987Centruroides baracoae Armas, 1976Centruroides barbudensis Centruroides berstoni Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021Centruroides bertholdii Centruroides bicolor Centruroides bonito Quijano-Ravell, Teruel & Ponce-Saavedra, 2016Centruroides caral Armas & Trujillo, 2013Centruroides caribbeanus Teruel & Myers, 2017Centruroides chamela Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2011Centruroides chamulaensis Hoffmann, 1932Centruroides catemacoensis Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021Centruroides chanae Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021Centruroides chiapanensis Hoffmann, 1932Centruroides concordia Armas & Teruel, 2021Centruroides cuauhmapan Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021Centruroides edwardsii Centruroides elegans Centruroides exilicauda Centruroides exilimanus Teruel & Stockwell, 2002Centruroides exsul Centruroides fallassisimus Armas & Trujillo, 2010Centruroides farri Armas, 1976Centruroides flavopictus Centruroides franckei Santibanez-Lopez & Contreras-Felix, 2013Centruroides fulvipes Centruroides galano Teruel, 2001Centruroides gracilis Centruroides granosus Centruroides griseus Centruroides guanensis Franganillo, 1930Centruroides hamadryas Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021Centruroides hentzi Centruroides hirsuticauda Teruel, 2011Centruroides hirsutipalpus Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2009Centruroides hoffmanni Armas, 1996Centruroides huichol Teruel, Ponce-Saavedra & Quijano-Ravell, 2015Centruroides infamatus Centruroides insulanus Centruroides ixil Trujillo & Armas, 2016Centruroides jaragua Armas, 1999Centruroides jorgeorum Santiago-Blay, 2009Centruroides koesteri Kraepelin, 1912Centruroides lauriadnae Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2019Centruroides limbatus Centruroides limpidus Centruroides luceorum Armas, 1999Centruroides lucidus Teruel, Armas & Kovarik, 2015Centruroides marcanoi Armas, 1981Centruroides margaritatus Centruroides mascota Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2011Centruroides meisei Hoffmann, 1939Centruroides melanodactylus Teruel, 2001Centruroides navarroi Teruel, 2001Centruroides nigrescens Centruroides nigrimanus Centruroides nigropunctatus Teruel, 2006Centruroides nigrovariatus Centruroides nitidus Centruroides noxius Hoffmann, 1932Centruroides ochraceus Centruroides orizaba Armas & Martin-Frias, 2003Centruroides ornatus Pocock, 1902Centruroides pallidiceps Pocock, 1902Centruroides panamensis Arias & Esposito, 2014Centruroides platnicki Armas, 1981Centruroides pococki Sissom & Francke, 1983Centruroides polito Teruel, 2007Centruroides poncei Teruel, Kovarik, Baldazo-Monsivais & Hoferek, 2015Centruroides possanii Gonzalez-Santillan, Galan-Sanchez & Valdez-Velazquez, 2019Centruroides rileyi Sissom, 1995Centruroides robertoi Armas, 1976Centruroides rodolfoi Santibanez-Lopez & Contreras-Felix, 2013Centruroides romeroi Quijano-Ravell, De Armas, Francke & Ponce-Saavedra, 2019Centruroides ruana Quijano-Ravell & Ponce-Saavedra, 2016Centruroides sanandres Armas, Sarmiento & Florez, 2012Centruroides sasae Santiago-Blay, 2009Centruroides schmidti Sissom, 1995Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing, 1928Centruroides serrano Santibanez-Lopez & Ponce-Saavedra, 2009Centruroides simplex Centruroides sissomi Armas, 1996Centruroides spectatus Teruel, 2006Centruroides stockwelli Teruel, 2001Centruroides suffusus Centruroides tapachulaensis Hoffmann, 1932Centruroides tecomanus Hoffmann, 1932Centruroides tenuis Thorell, 1876Centruroides testaceus Centruroides thorellii Centruroides tuxtla Armas, 1999Centruroides underwoodi Armas, 1976Centruroides villegasi Baldazo-Monsivaiz, Ponce-Saavedra & Flores-Moreno, 2013Centruroides vittatus Centruroides yucatanensis Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021