Cardinal electors in the 2013 conclave


The papal conclave of 2013 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Benedict XVI following his resignation on 28 February 2013. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See became vacant were eligible to participate in the conclave. Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors almost always elect the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot.
Of the 207 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of Benedict XVI's resignation, 117 cardinal electors were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave. Two cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number of participants to 115. The required two-thirds supermajority needed to elect a pope was votes.
Of the 115 attending cardinal electors, 4 were cardinal bishops, 81 were cardinal priests, and 30 were cardinal deacons; 48 had been created cardinals by Pope John Paul II and 67 by Pope Benedict XVI; 29 worked in the service of the Holy See, 61 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 25 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclave was Walter Kasper, at the age of, and the youngest was Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, at the age of. Another 90 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave for reasons of age.
The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 12 March 2013. On 13 March, after five ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, the archbishop of Buenos Aires, who took the papal name Francis.

Cardinal electors

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders – cardinal bishops, cardinal priests, and cardinal deacons – with formal precedence in that sequence. This determines the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath, and cast their ballots. For cardinal bishops, the dean of the College of Cardinals is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean, and then by the remainder in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests, and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.
Four of the cardinal electors were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Antonios Naguib, Béchara Boutros Raï, George Alencherry, and Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal. Raï and Thottunkal were the first cardinals from their respective churches to participate in a conclave. The senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon, and the junior cardinal deacon, who were assigned specific roles in the conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself or announcing the election of the pope, were, respectively, Giovanni Battista Re, Godfried Danneels, Jean-Louis Tauran, and James Michael Harvey. The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who was in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy, was Tarcisio Bertone.
The data below are as of 28 February 2013, the date on which the Holy See became vacant. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.
RankNameCountryBornOrderConsistoryOffice
1Giovanni Battista ReItaly30.01.1934
CB21.02.2001
John Paul II
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops
2Tarcisio Bertone Italy02.12.1934
CB21.10.2003
John Paul II
Secretary of State and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
3Antonios NaguibEgypt18.03.1935
CB20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Patriarch emeritus of Alexandria
4Béchara Boutros Raï Lebanon25.02.1940
CB24.11.2012
Benedict XVI
Patriarch of Antioch
5Godfried DanneelsBelgium04.06.1933
CP02.02.1983
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels
6Joachim MeisnerGermany25.12.1933
CP02.02.1983
John Paul II
Archbishop of Cologne
7Nicolás de Jesús López RodríguezDominican Republic31.10.1936
CP28.06.1991
John Paul II
Archbishop of Santo Domingo
8Roger Michael MahonyUnited States27.02.1936
CP28.06.1991
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles
9Jaime Lucas Ortega y AlaminoCuba18.10.1936
CP26.11.1994
John Paul II
Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana
10Jean-Claude TurcotteCanada26.06.1936
CP26.11.1994
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Montreal
11Vinko PuljićBosnia and Herzegovina08.09.1945
CP26.11.1994
John Paul II
Archbishop of Vrhbosna
12Juan Sandoval ÍñiguezMexico28.03.1933
CP26.11.1994
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara
13Antonio María Rouco VarelaSpain20.08.1936
CP21.02.1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Madrid
14Dionigi TettamanziItaly14.03.1934
CP21.02.1998
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Milan
15Polycarp PengoTanzania05.08.1944
CP21.02.1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam
16Christoph Schönborn Austria22.01.1945
CP21.02.1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Vienna
17Norberto Rivera CarreraMexico06.06.1942
CP21.02.1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Mexico
18Francis Eugene George United States16.01.1937
CP21.02.1998
John Paul II
Archbishop of Chicago
19Zenon GrocholewskiPoland11.10.1939
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
20Crescenzio SepeItaly02.06.1943
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Naples
21Walter KasperGermany05.03.1933
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
22Ivan DiasIndia14.04.1936
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
23Geraldo Majella AgneloBrazil19.10.1933
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia
24Audrys Juozas BačkisLithuania01.02.1937
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Vilnius
25Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa Chile05.09.1933
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile
26Julio Terrazas Sandoval Bolivia07.03.1936
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
27Wilfrid Fox Napier South Africa08.03.1941
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Durban
28Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga Honduras29.12.1942
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Tegucigalpa
29Juan Luis Cipriani ThornePeru28.12.1943
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Lima
30Cláudio Hummes Brazil08.08.1934
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy
31Jorge Bergoglio *Argentina17.12.1936
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop of Buenos Aires
32José da Cruz PolicarpoPortugal26.02.1936
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Patriarch of Lisbon
33Severino PolettoItaly18.03.1933
CP21.02.2001
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Turin
34Karl LehmannGermany16.05.1936
CP21 February 2001
John Paul II
Bishop of Mainz
35Angelo ScolaItaly07.11.1941
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Milan
36Anthony Olubunmi OkogieNigeria16.06.1936
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Lagos
37Gabriel Zubeir WakoSudan27.02.1941
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Khartoum
38Carlos Amigo Vallejo Spain23.08.1934
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Seville
39Justin Francis RigaliUnited States19.04.1935
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia
40Ennio AntonelliItaly18.11.1936
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family
41Peter Kodwo Appiah TurksonGhana11.10.1948
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
42Telesphore Placidus ToppoIndia15.10.1939
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Ranchi
43George PellAustralia08.06.1941
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Sydney
44Josip BozanićCroatia20.03.1949
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Zagreb
45Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh MẫnVietnam05.03.1934
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City
46Philippe BarbarinFrance17.10.1950
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Lyon
47Péter ErdőHungary25.06.1952
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest
48Marc Ouellet Canada08.06.1944
CP21.10.2003
John Paul II
Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops
49Agostino ValliniItaly17.04.1940
CP24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran
50Jorge Liberato Urosa SavinoVenezuela28.08.1942
CP24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Caracas
51Jean-Pierre RicardFrance25.09.1944
CP24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Bordeaux
52Antonio Cañizares LloveraSpain15.10.1945
CP24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
53Seán Patrick O'Malley United States29.06.1944
CP24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Boston
54Stanisław DziwiszPoland27.04.1939
CP24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Kraków
55Carlo CaffarraItaly01.06.1938
CP24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Bologna
56Seán Baptist BradyIreland16.08.1939
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Armagh
57Lluís Martínez SistachSpain29.04.1937
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Barcelona
58André Vingt-TroisFrance07.11.1942
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Paris
59Angelo BagnascoItaly14.01.1943
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Genoa
60Théodore-Adrien SarrSenegal28.11.1936
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Dakar
61Oswald GraciasIndia24.12.1944
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Bombay
62Francisco Robles OrtegaMexico02.03.1949
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Guadalajara
63Daniel Nicholas DiNardoUnited States23.05.1949
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Galveston–Houston
64Odilo Pedro SchererBrazil21.09.1949
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of São Paulo
65John NjueKenya01.01.1946
CP24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Nairobi
66Raúl Eduardo Vela ChiribogaEcuador01.01.1934
CP20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop emeritus of Quito
67Laurent Monsengwo PasinyaDR Congo07.10.1939
CP20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Kinshasa
68Paolo RomeoItaly20.02.1938
CP20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Palermo
69Donald William WuerlUnited States12.11.1940
CP20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Washington
70Raymundo Damasceno AssisBrazil15.02.1937
CP20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Aparecida
71Kazimierz NyczPoland01.02.1950
CP20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Warsaw
72Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige DonSri Lanka15.11.1947
CP20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Colombo
73Reinhard MarxGermany21.09.1953
CP20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Munich and Freising
74George AlencherryIndia19.04.1945
CP18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly
75Thomas Christopher CollinsCanada16.01.1947
CP18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Toronto
76Dominik Duka Czech Republic26.04.1943
CP18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Prague
77Willem Jacobus EijkNetherlands22.06.1953
CP18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Utrecht
78Giuseppe BetoriItaly25.02.1947
CP18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Florence
79Timothy Michael DolanUnited States06.02.1950
CP18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of New York
80Rainer Maria WoelkiGermany18.08.1956
CP18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Berlin
81John Tong HonChina
31.07.1939
CP18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Bishop of Hong Kong
82Baselios Cleemis ThottunkalIndia15.06.1959
CP24.11.2012
Benedict XVI
Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
83John Olorunfemi OnaiyekanNigeria29.01.1944
CP24.11.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Abuja
84Rubén Salazar GómezColombia22.09.1942
CP24.11.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Bogotá
85Luis Antonio Gokim TaglePhilippines21.06.1957
CP24.11.2012
Benedict XVI
Archbishop of Manila
86Jean-Louis TauranFrance05.04.1943
CD21.10.2003
John Paul II
President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue
87Attilio NicoraItaly16.03.1937
CD21.10.2003
John Paul II
Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi and President of the Financial Information Authority
88William Joseph LevadaUnited States15.06.1936
CD24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
89Franc Rodé Slovenia23.09.1934
CD24.03.2006
Benedict XVI
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
90Leonardo SandriArgentina18.11.1943
CD24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
91Giovanni LajoloItaly03.01.1935
CD24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
92Paul Josef CordesGermany05.09.1934
CD24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum
93Angelo ComastriItaly17.09.1943
CD24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter
94Stanisław RyłkoPoland04.07.1945
CD24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity
95Raffaele Farina Italy24.09.1933
CD24.11.2007
Benedict XVI
Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church
96Angelo Amato Italy08.06.1938
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
97Robert SarahGuinea15.06.1945
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum
98Francesco MonterisiItaly28.05.1934
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
99Raymond Leo BurkeUnited States30.06.1948
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
100Kurt KochSwitzerland15.03.1950
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
101Paolo SardiItaly01.09.1934
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
102Mauro PiacenzaItaly15.09.1944
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
103Velasio De Paolis Italy19.09.1935
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
104Gianfranco RavasiItaly18.10.1942
CD20.11.2010
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for Culture
105Fernando FiloniItaly15.04.1946
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
106Manuel Monteiro de CastroPortugal29.03.1938
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Major Penitentiary
107Santos Abril y CastellóSpain21.09.1935
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major
108Antonio Maria VegliòItaly03.02.1938
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
109Giuseppe BertelloItaly01.10.1942
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
110Francesco CoccopalmerioItaly06.03.1938
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts
111João Braz de AvizBrazil24.04.1947
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
112Edwin Frederick O'BrienUnited States08.04.1939
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
113Domenico CalcagnoItaly03.02.1943
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
114Giuseppe VersaldiItaly30.07.1943
CD18.02.2012
Benedict XVI
President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
115James Michael HarveyUnited States20.10.1949
CD24.11.2012
Benedict XVI
Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

Cardinal electors by continent and country

The 115 attending cardinal electors represented 48 countries on all six inhabited continents. The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy, the United States, and Germany.
ContinentNumberPercentage
Africa11
North America20
South America*13
Asia10
Europe60
Oceania1
Total115100.0%