Member states of BRICS
The original member states of BRICS, an international organization of world economies, consisted of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. South Africa formally joined in 2010 and attended the 3rd BRICS summit. The organization expanded again in 2024, with Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates attending the 16th BRICS summit as official members. In January 2025, Indonesia joined the organization. Many other nations are partner states or have applied to join.
Member states
Partner states
Partner states are a new category for integration of prospective members, introduced in 2024 at the 16th BRICS summit in Kazan, the Russian Federation. These countries are observer states that are not yet officially part of the BRICS bloc. These observer states prove themselves as partners before further integrating as a member, similar to the accession process of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. 13 states were invited to be formal partners; the following 10 states then ensured their partnership status by January 2025, while Indonesia acceded to the core membership.| Country | Capital | Area | Population | Density | GDP per cap. | HDI | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Application submitted |
| Belarus Republic of Belarus | Minsk | 207,595 | 9,498,700 | 45.8 | Belarusian ruble | Belarusian Russian | Head of State: Alexander Lukashenko Head of Government: Roman Golovchenko | 2023 | ||
| Bolivia Plurinational State of Bolivia | Sucre | 1,098,581 | 12,186,079 | 10.4 | Boliviano | Spanish Quechua Aymara Guarani Other Indigenous languages | Head of State and Government: Luis Arce | 2023 | ||
| Cuba Republic of Cuba | Havana | 109,884 | 10,985,974 | 101.8 | Cuban peso | Spanish | Party Secretary and Head of State: Miguel Díaz-Canel Head of Government: Manuel Marrero Cruz | 2023 | ||
| Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan | Astana | 2,724,900 | 20,075,271 | 7 | Tenge | Kazakh Russian | Head of State: Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Head of Government: Oljas Bektenov | 2024 | ||
| Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | 330,803 | 34,564,803 | 101 | Malaysian ringgit | Malay | Head of State: Ibrahim Iskandar Head of Government: Anwar Ibrahim | 2024 | ||
| Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria | Abuja | 923,769 | 220,159,000 | 237 | Nigerian naira | English | Head of State and Government: Bola Ahmed Tinubu | 2024 | ||
| Thailand Kingdom of Thailand | Bangkok | 513,120 | 65,975,198 | 132.1 | Thai baht | Thai | Head of State: Vajiralongkorn Head of Government: Anutin Charnvirakul | 2024 | ||
| Uganda Republic of Uganda | Kampala | 241,038 | 49,283,041 | 157.1 | 3,642 | 0.582 | Ugandan shilling | English and Swahili | Head of State: Yoweri Museveni Head of government: Robinah Nabbanja | 2024 |
| Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 447,400 | 37,535,605 | 80.2 | 11,596 | 0.740 | Uzbek sum | Uzbek | Head of state: Shavkat Mirziyoyev Head of government: Abdulla Aripov | 2024 |
| Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam | Hanoi | 331,344.82 | 100,300,000 | 298 | 15,470 | 0.766 | Vietnamese đồng | Vietnamese | Party Secretary: Tô Lâm Head of State: Lương Cường Head of Government: Phạm Minh Chính |
Two more countries had been invited to join the BRICS bloc as observer partner states, like the ones listed above, but have not yet confirmed that status as of mid-January 2025.
| Country | Capital | Area | Population | Density | GDP per cap. | HDI | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Application submitted |
| Algeria People's Democratic Republic of Algeria | Algiers | 2,381,741 | 46,700,000 | 19 | 16,483 | 0.763 | Algerian dinar | Arabic | Head of State: Abdelmadjid Tebboune Head of Government: Nadir Larbaoui | |
| Turkey Republic of Türkiye | Ankara | 783,562 | 85,372,377 | 111 | Turkish lira | Turkish | Head of State and Government: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | - |
Nations that have applied for membership
While Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates were not admitted as members during the 15th BRICS summit, they were among 22 countries applying for membership. South African Minister of Finance Enoch Godongwana said, “There is a second batch of countries that are going to be added BRICS." This means that there are plans for further BRICS expansion, and the following countries are possible candidates due to their membership applications.Previous applicants
In 2022, Argentina formally applied for BRICS membership under Alberto Fernández's government. Argentina was invited to join the subsequent 2023 summit, but the country declined the offer to join the bloc in the aftermath of Javier Milei's victory in that year's presidential election.Saudi Arabia was also invited to join at the 2023 summit, with full membership was scheduled to take effect on 1 January 2024. However, Saudi Arabia did not join BRICS at the start of 2024 as had been planned, and it announced in mid-January that it was still considering the matter. As of May 2025, the matter is still under consideration.
Algeria had previously applied for membership in 2023, but later rejected it in September 2024, making Algeria the second country after Argentina to decline and stop its application. Following the 2024 BRICS summit, Brazil blocked Venezuela's application to the bloc, largely due to the disputed 2024 Venezuelan elections and the ongoing Venezuelan crisis. Venezuela recalled its ambassador from Brazil in response.
Pakistan applied for membership in 2023, but it has been opposed by India due to strained diplomatic relations. Certain experts have additionally stated that a key factor for refusal of membership is due to Pakistan's economic instability.