1830 in science
The year 1830 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- March 16 – Great Comet of 1830 first observed from Mauritius.
- Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer produce the first map of the surface of Mars.
Biology
- Charles Bell publishes his Nervous System of the Human Body.
- Johannes Peter Müller publishes his Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien in which he traces the development of the paramesonephric duct.
- William Jackson Hooker commences publication of The British Flora.
Exploration
- October 14 – returns to England from her first voyage, a hydrographic survey of the Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego regions of South America.
- Southern Ocean Expedition – John Biscoe sets out from England on an expedition to find new seal-hunting grounds in the Southern Ocean.
Geology
- Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation.
Medicine
- Thomas Southwood Smith publishes the standard textbook A Treatise on Fever in London.
- Approximate date – The chain osteotome, a form of chainsaw, is invented by German orthopaedist Bernhard Heine.
Technology
- July 13 – John Ruggles is granted United States patent, for applying rack railway equipment to the "Locomotive steam-engine for rail and other roads".
- July 17 – Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a French patent for a sewing machine: it chain stitches at 200/minute.
- August 31 – Edwin Budding is granted a United Kingdom patent for the lawnmower.
- October 20 – Thomas Cochrane is granted a patent for the first airlock.
- Aeneas Coffey is granted a United Kingdom patent for an improved column still.
- Eaton Hodgkinson publishes his pioneering paper on the optimum cross section for cast iron structural beams.
- Stephen H. Long designs the Long truss wooden bridge.
Veterinary medicine
- Sheep dip is invented by George Wilson of Coldstream, Scotland.
Institutions
- Geographical Society of London established.
Publications
- Charles Babbage publishes .
- Auguste Comte begins publication of his Course of Positive Philosophy .
Awards
- Copley Medal: not awarded
Births
- March 5 – Étienne-Jules Marey, French physiologist.
- March 5 – Charles Wyville Thomson, Scottish marine biologist.
- April 21 - Clémence Royer, French anthropologist.
- May 10 – François-Marie Raoult, French chemist.
- May 11 – Emanoil Bacaloglu, Romanian polymath.
- August 19 – Lothar Meyer, German chemist.
- September 7 – Mary Treat, American naturalist.
- October 24 – Marianne North, English botanist.
- November 20 – Sigismond Jaccoud, Swiss physician.
Deaths
- March 2 – Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, German physician, anatomist, paleontologist and inventor.
- March 29 – James Rennell, English cartographer and oceanographer.
- May 16 – Joseph Fourier, French mathematician.
- August 24 – Louis Pierre Vieillot, French ornithologist.
- Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi, Italian botanist.