Trøndelag


Trøndelag. It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County ; in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denmark-Norway. After over two centuries of separation, in 2018 they were reunited following a referendum held two years earlier.
The largest city in Trøndelag is the city of Trondheim. The administrative centre is Steinkjer, while Trondheim functions as the office of the county mayor. Both cities serve the office of the county governor; however, Steinkjer houses the main functions.
Trøndelag county and the neighbouring Møre og Romsdal county together form what is known as Central Norway. A person from Trøndelag is called a trønder. The dialect spoken in the area, trøndersk, is characterized by dropping out most vowel endings; see apocope.
Trøndelag is one of the most fertile regions of Norway, with large agricultural output. The majority of the production ends up in the Norwegian cooperative system for meat and milk, but farm produce is a steadily growing business.

Name

The Old Norse form of the name was Þrǿndalǫg. The first element is the genitive plural of þrǿndr which means "person from Trøndelag", while the second is lǫg. A parallel name for the same district was Þróndheimr which means "the homeland of the þrǿndr". Þróndheimr may be older since the first element has a stem form without umlaut.
The county and national governments have also approved a Southern Sami name for the county: Trööndelage. When it is used with the word for county, it is Trööndelagen fylhke.

History

People have lived in this region for thousands of years. In the early iron-age Trøndelag was divided into several petty kingdoms called fylki. The different fylki had a common law, and an early parliament or thing. It was called Frostating and was held at the Frosta peninsula. By some, this is regarded as the first real democracy.
In the time after Håkon Grjotgardsson, Trøndelag was ruled by the Jarl of Lade. Lade is located in the eastern part of Trondheim, bordering the Trondheimsfjord. The powerful Jarls of Lade continued to play a very significant political role in Norway up to 1030.
Jarls of Lade were:
Image:Trondheim-cathedral.jpg|thumb|left|Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim
Trøndelag was briefly ceded in 1658 to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde and was ruled by king Charles X until it was returned to Denmark-Norway after the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. During that time, the Swedes conscripted 2,000 men in Trøndelag, forcing young boys down to 15 years of age to join the Swedish armies fighting against Poland and Brandenburg. Charles X feared the Trønders would rise against their Swedish occupiers, and thought it wise to keep a large part of the men away. Only about one-third of the men ever returned to their homes; some of them were forced to settle in the then Swedish Duchy of Estonia, as the Swedes thought it would be easier to rule the Trønders there, utilising the ancient maxim of divide and rule.
In the fall of 1718, during the Great Northern War, General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt was ordered by king Charles XII of Sweden to lead a Swedish army of 10,000 men into Trøndelag to take Trondheim. Because of his poor supply lines back to Sweden, Armfeldt's army had to live off the land, causing great suffering to the people of the region. Armfeldt's campaign failed: the defenders of Trondheim succeeded in repelling his siege. After Charles XII was killed in the siege of Fredriksten in Norway's southeast, Armfeldt was ordered back into Sweden. During the ensuing retreat, his 6,000 surviving threadbare and starving Caroleans were caught in a fierce blizzard. Thousands of Caroleans froze to death in the Norwegian mountains, and hundreds more were crippled for life.

Government

The county is governed by the Trøndelag County Municipality. The town of Steinkjer is the seat of the county governor and county administration. However, both the county governor and Trøndelag County Municipality also have offices in Trondheim.
The county oversees the 41 upper secondary schools, including nine private schools. Six of the schools have more than 1000 students: four in Trondheim plus the Steinkjer Upper Secondary School and the Ole Vig Upper Secondary School in Stjørdalshalsen. The county has ten Folk high schools, with an eleventh folk high school being possibly being opened in Røros, with a possible start in 2019.

Districts

The county is often sub-divided into several geographical regions:
There are ten towns/cities in Trøndelag, plus the "mining town" of Røros.
  • Trondheim
  • Steinkjer
  • Stjørdalshalsen
  • Levanger
  • Namsos
  • Rørvik
  • Verdalsøra
  • Orkanger
  • Brekstad
  • Kolvereid
  • Bergstaden Røros

    Geography

Along the coast in the southwest are the largest islands in Norway south of the Arctic Circle, including Hitra and Frøya. The broad and long Trondheimsfjord is a main feature, and the lowland surrounding the fjord are among the most important agricultural areas in Norway. In the far south is the mountain ranges Dovrefjell and Trollheimen, and in the southeast is highlands and mountain plateaus, and this is where Røros is situated. The highest mountain is the tall Storskrymten, which is located in the county border between Møre og Romsdal, Innlandet, and Trøndelag. North of the Trondheimsfjord is the large Fosen peninsula, where Ørland Municipality is at its southwestern tip. Several valleys runs north or west to meet the fjord, with a river at its centre, such as Meldal, Gauldal, Stjørdal, Verdal. Further north is the long Namdalen with the largest river, Namsen, and Namsos is situated where the river meets the Namsen fjord. The rivers are among the best salmon rivers in Europe, especially Namsen, Gaula, and Orkla. On the northwestern part of the region is the Vikna archipelago with almost 6,000 islands and islets.
There are many national parks in the region, including Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park, Forollhogna National Park, Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park, Femundsmarka National Park and Børgefjell National Park.

Climate

Trøndelag is one of the regions in Norway with the largest climatic variation - from the oceanic climate with mild and wetter winters along the coast to the very cold winters in the southeast inland highlands, where Røros is the only place in southern and central Norway to have recorded. The first overnight freeze, while the most oceanic areas along the coast have a temperate oceanic climate with all monthly means above. The inland valleys, hills, and highlands below the treeline have a boreal climate with cold winters and shorter summers, but still with potential for warm summer temperatures. Above the treeline is alpine tundra.

Trøndelag

There are 38 municipalities in Trøndelag.
Municipal
Number		NameAdm. CentreLocation in
the county		EstablishedOld Municipal No.
Former County
5001 Trondheim MunicipalityTrondheim1 Jan 18385001 Trondheim Municipality
5030 Klæbu Municipality		Trøndelag
5006 Steinkjer MunicipalitySteinkjer23 Jan 18585006 Steinkjer Municipality
5039 Verran Municipality		Trøndelag
5007 Namsos MunicipalityNamsos1 Jan 18465005 Namsos Municipality
5040 Namdalseid Municipality
5048 Fosnes Municipality		Trøndelag
5014 Frøya MunicipalitySistranda1 Jan 19641620 Frøya MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5020 Osen MunicipalitySteinsdalen1 June 18921633 Osen MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5021 Oppdal MunicipalityOppdal1 Jan 18381634 Oppdal MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5022 Rennebu MunicipalityBerkåk1 Jan 18391635 Rennebu MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5025 Røros MunicipalityRøros1 Jan 18381640 Røros MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5026 Holtålen MunicipalityRenbygda1 Jan 18381644 Holtålen MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5027 Midtre Gauldal MunicipalityStøren1 Jan 19641648 Midtre Gauldal MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5028 Melhus MunicipalityMelhus1 Jan 18381653 Melhus MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5029 Skaun MunicipalityBørsa1 Jan 18901657 Skaun MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5031 Malvik MunicipalityHommelvik1 Jan 18911663 Malvik MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5032 Selbu MunicipalityMebonden1 Jan 18381664 Selbu MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5033 Tydal MunicipalityÅs1 Jan 19011665 Tydal MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5034 Meråker MunicipalityMidtbygda1 Jan 18741711 Meråker MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5035 Stjørdal MunicipalityStjørdalshalsen1 Jan 19021714 Stjørdal MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5036 Frosta MunicipalityFrosta1 Jan 18381717 Frosta MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5037 Levanger MunicipalityLevanger1 Jan 18381719 Levanger MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5038 Verdal MunicipalityVerdalsøra1 Jan 18381721 Verdal MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5041 Snåsa MunicipalitySnåsa1 Jan 18381736 Snåsa MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5042 Lierne MunicipalitySandvika1 Jan 19641738 Lierne MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5043 Røyrvik MunicipalityRøyrvik1 July 19231739 Røyrvik MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5044 Namsskogan MunicipalityNamsskogan1 July 19231740 Namsskogan MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5045 Grong MunicipalityMedjå1 Jan 18381742 Grong MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5046 Høylandet MunicipalityHøylandet1 Jan 19011743 Høylandet MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5047 Overhalla MunicipalityRanemsletta1 Jan 18381744 Overhalla MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5049 Flatanger MunicipalityLauvsnes1 Jan 18711749 Flatanger MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5052 Leka MunicipalityLeknes1 Oct 18601755 Leka MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5053 Inderøy MunicipalityStraumen1 Jan 18381756 Inderøy Municipality
1723 Mosvik Municipality		Nord-Trøndelag
5054 Indre Fosen MunicipalityÅrnset1 Jan 20181624 Rissa MunicipalitySør-Trøndelag
5054 Indre Fosen MunicipalityÅrnset1 Jan 20181718 Leksvik MunicipalityNord-Trøndelag
5055 Heim MunicipalityKyrksæterøra1 Jan 20201571 Halsa MunicipalityMøre og Romsdal
5055 Heim MunicipalityKyrksæterøra1 Jan 20205011 Hemne Municipality
5012 Snillfjord Municipality 		Trøndelag
5056 Hitra MunicipalityFillan1 Jan 18385013 Hitra Municipality
5012 Snillfjord Municipality 		Trøndelag
5057 Ørland MunicipalityBotngård1 Jan 18385015 Ørland Municipality
5017 Bjugn Municipality		Trøndelag
5058 Åfjord MunicipalityÅrnes1 Jan 18385018 Åfjord Municipality
5019 Roan Municipality		Trøndelag
5059 Orkland MunicipalityOrkanger1 Jan 20205012 Snillfjord Municipality
5016 Agdenes Municipality
5023 Meldal Municipality
5024 Orkdal Municipality		Trøndelag
5060 Nærøysund MunicipalityKolvereid
and Rørvik		1 Jan 20205050 Vikna Municipality
5051 Nærøy Municipality		Trøndelag
5061 Rindal MunicipalityRindal1 Jan 18581567 Rindal MunicipalityMøre og Romsdal