The Book of Colour was the first novel by Blackburn, a writer previously best-known for her biographies. Blackburn stated the novel was based on her own family history.
The Book of Colour was mostly well-received by critics. Writing in the New York Times, Michiko Kakutani called the book "a dense, poetic tale of a family's inheritance." Kirkus Reviews said the book was a "first novel of beauty and accomplishment". Publishers Weekly offered a mixed review, describing the novel's central question as "dishearteningly rhetorical".