Macintosh startup
The Macintosh startup sequence for Apple Macintosh computers includes hardware tests and diagnostics which can trigger the startup chimes and/or other instances of success or failure of the startup routines.
The startup sequence provides auditory and visual symbols of the computer's status and condition as it powers up, providing users with immediate feedback on the machine's soundness. Additionally, they allow the user to quickly identify any potential problems and take any appropriate actions to rectify faults.
Startup process
Macs made from 1984 to 1998 used Old World ROM as the boot loader for all Macs produced around that time period. From 1998 up until the PowerPC to Intel transition, New World ROM was used for all Macs starting with the first iMac and later expanding to the first iBook and the Blue and White Power Mac G3. BootX is used as the boot loader for macOS on Old World/New World Macs. Most Intel-based Macs used Apple's implementation of UEFI as the boot loader, while those with a T2 security chip used a slightly different approach where it verifies the digital signature of the UEFI firmware via the security chip, which will then load the firmware upon successful verification. All Apple silicon-based Macs use a newer method separate from previous Macs where it uses a boot ROM located on the SoC to launch iBoot, in a similar manner to that of the iPhone and iPad.In all instances, the startup chimes will be heard upon completion of the boot process, and a Happy Mac will be displayed on the screen to visually indicate that no hardware issues were found during the boot process. On the other hand, a failure to do so will result in a different outcome where a different sound will be heard in place of the startup chime. This would either be the Chimes of Death or a series of simple beep codes. In addition, a Sad Mac with either one or two lines of hexadecimal codes will be displayed on some Old World ROM machines to visually indicate a hardware issue during the boot process.
All Macs made from 2016 to 2020 have the startup chimes disabled by default, however, it was later re-enabled on those Macs running macOS Big Sur or later; this can be disabled by the user within System Preferences or System Settings.
Startup chime
The Macintosh startup chime is played on power-up, before booting into an operating system. The sound indicates that diagnostic tests were run immediately at startup and have found no hardware or fundamental software problems. The specific sound differs depending on the ROM, which greatly varies depending on Macintosh model. For models built prior to the introduction of the Power Macintosh in 1994, the failure of initial self-diagnostic tests results in a Sad Mac icon, an error code, and the distinctive Chimes of Death sounds.The startup chime used in the first three Macintosh models is a simple square-wave "beep" generated at 600 Hz that was programmed in software by Andy Hertzfeld, utilizing the computers' onboard MOS 6522 VIA chip. All subsequent sounds after it are various chords. Software engineer Mark Lentczner used the Apple Sound Chip, his innovation of sound for the Macintosh, to play the C major fourth chord used in the Macintosh II that was programmed in software. Variations of this sound were employed until Apple sound designer Jim Reekes created the startup chime used in the Quadra 700 through the Quadra 800. Reekes said, "The startup sound was done in my home studio on a Korg Wavestation EX. It's a C major chord, played with both hands stretched out as wide as possible." He created the sound as he was annoyed with the tri-tone startup chimes because they were too associated with the death chimes and the computer crashes. He recalls that Apple did not give him permission to change the sound and that he secretly snuck the sound into the computers with the help of engineers who were in charge of the ROM chips. When Apple discovered this, he refused to change it, using various claims in order to keep the sound intact. He is also the creator of the iconic "bong" startup chime used in most Macintoshes since the Quadra 840AV. It was created with multiple synthesizers, one of them being Reekes' Wavestation using a modified version of the "Sandman" preset and another being an Oberheim Matrix-6. A slightly lower-pitched version of this chime is used in all PCI-based Power Macs until the iMac G3. On the other hand, the Macintosh LC, LC II, and Macintosh Classic II do not use the Reekes chime, instead using a software-programmed F major fifth chord that simply produces a "ding" sound. The first generation Power Macintosh computers also do not use the Reekes chime, instead using a chord strummed by jazz guitarist Stanley Jordan on an Ovation steel-string acoustic guitar using the finger tapping technique. Furthermore, the Power Macintosh 5200–6300 computers use a unique chime that was composed on the Fairlight CMI, which is also used in television commercials for the Power Macintosh and PowerBook series from 1995 until 1998. The 20th Anniversary Macintosh uses another unique chime, which was also composed on a Korg Wavestation using a modified version of a preset found on one of its sound expansion cards.
The chime used for all Mac computers from 1998 to early 2016 is the same chime that was first introduced in the iMac G3. It was produced by pitch-shifting the 840AV's startup chime, making it an F-sharp major chord. Since 2012, the Mac startup chime has been a registered trademark in the United States, and is also featured in the 2008 Pixar film WALL-E when the titular robot character is fully recharged by solar panels as well as in the 2007 Brad Paisley song "Online".
Starting with the 2016 MacBook Pro, all new Macs were shipped without a startup chime, with the Macs silently booting when powered on. The startup chime would later be added to these models with the release of macOS Big Sur in 2020, which can be enabled or disabled in System Preferences. The new startup chime introduced with Big Sur is similar to the previous chime except it was pitch-shifted down one semitone, producing an F major chord instead of an F-sharp one. The sound mixing of the new startup chime is also noticeably different from that of the previous chime. Prior to Big Sur's release, a similar-sounding variant of this startup chime was used during the "Simplicity Shootout" commercial shown at the iMac G3's introduction in 1998. Initially, the new startup chime from Big Sur was only used on Intel-based Macs equipped with a T2 security chip, with most other Macs at the time still using the previous chime. Eventually, the new startup chime was brought over to all older supported Macs starting with the macOS Big Sur 11.0.1 beta, and a firmware update included in the macOS Catalina 2020-001 Security Update and the macOS Mojave 2020-007 Security Update brought the new startup chime in Big Sur to all Macs that support Big Sur, including the Late 2013 iMac.
Happy Mac and Apple logo
A Happy Mac is the normal bootup icon of an Apple Macintosh computer running older versions of the Mac operating system. It was designed by Susan Kare in the 1980s, drawing inspiration from the design of the Compact Macintosh series and from the Batman character Two-Face. The logo also shares some similarities to the faces of the 1934 painting Deux personnages by Pablo Picasso and to the Bauhaus emblem. The icon remained unchanged for many years until it and its related icons were updated to 8-bit color by Lauralee Alben in the 1990s.The Happy Mac indicates that booting has successfully begun, while a Sad Mac indicates a hardware or software problem. When a Macintosh boots into the classic Mac OS, the system will play its startup chime, and the screen will turn gray. The Happy Mac icon will appear, followed by the "Welcome to Mac OS" splash screen, which underwent several stylistic changes, the other significant ones being the inclusion of extension icons appearing in the bottom left as well as a progress bar that was introduced in System 7.5. Mac OS 8.6 and later include the version number in the splash screen.
On early Macs without an internal hard drive, the computer boots up to a point where it needs to load the operating system from a floppy disk. The Mac displays a floppy disk icon with a blinking question mark until the user inserts the correct disk. In New World ROM Macs, a folder icon with a question mark that repeatedly changes to the Finder icon is shown if a System Folder or boot loader file cannot be found on the startup disk.
With the introduction of Mac OS X, the Happy Mac icon was retained for the two initial versions of the operating system, beginning with Mac OS X 10.0. A new Happy Mac was introduced in Mac OS X 10.1, which looked largely identical to that found in previous Classic Mac OS operating systems with some minor changes. This is also the last version of Mac OS as a whole to use the Happy Mac icon.
In 2002, with the release of version 10.2, the Happy Mac symbol was retired and replaced with the Apple logo. Also, in addition to the blinking system folder icon, a prohibition icon was added to show an incorrect OS version is found. In OS X Lion 10.7, the Apple logo was slightly shrunk and added a drop-in shadow.
In OS X Yosemite 10.10, the white screen with a gray Apple logo was replaced with a black screen with a white Apple logo, and the throbber was replaced with a progress bar, requiring a firmware update to be applied. However, this only applies to Macs from 2013 and later, including the 2012 Retina MacBook Pros, with models released in 2012 or earlier retaining the previous white screen. The shadow on the Apple logo was removed in OS X El Capitan 10.11. In 2016 and later Macs, the Apple logo appears as soon as the screen turns on rather than after the startup chime. The progress bar below the Apple logo would later be slightly moved to near the bottom of the screen starting with macOS Sonoma 14.
The design of the Happy Mac was reused as the icon for Face ID, introduced in iOS 11 for iPhone and iOS 12 for iPad.