Outline of sports

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sports:

What is a sport?

Sports can be described as all of the following:

Entertainment - Any sport that includes spectators, either free or paid admission, with no pre-scripted plot of the outcome. The athletics might also get entertained by complete sports objective.
Exercise - some sports are physical exercise while others are mental exercise.

Types of sports

Sport by region

Africa
Antarctica
Asia
Caucasus
Europe
North America
;Oceania
South America
'''South Atlantic'''

History of sports

Recreational sporting

Regulation

Rulebooks

Officiating technology

Venues

Pitches

Basketball court
Bat and ball sports
* Baseball field
* Cricket field
Boxing ring
Football codes
* American football field
* Association football pitch
* Australian rules football playing field
* Rugby league playing field
Fronton
Golf course
Hockey variants
* Bandy field
* Field hockey pitch
* Ice hockey rink
Ice rink
Olympic-size swimming pool
Roller rink
Running track
Speed skating rink
Tennis court

Venue features

Equipment

Sportswear
* Away colours
* Third jersey
** City Connect
* Throwback uniform
** Turn Back the Clock
* Team jersey
** Cycling jersey
** Hockey jersey
** Guernsey
** Rugby shirt
** Scrimmage vest
* Footwear
** Baseball stirrups
** Hockey sock
** Cycling shoe
** Cleats
*** Football boot
*** Track spikes
*** Ice cleat
*** Crampon
** Motorcycle boot
** Racing flat
** Racing shoes
** Rugby socks
** Skates
*** Ice skates
**** Figure skates
*** Roller skates
**** Inline skates
**** Quad skates
** Wrestling shoes
* Pants
** Hockey pants
** Plus fours
* Protective equipment
** Eyewear
*** Diving mask
*** Shooting glasses
*** Swedish goggles
** Gloves
*** Ash guard
*** Bat and ball sports
**** Baseball
***** Baseball glove
***** Batting glove
**** Wicket-keeper's gloves
*** Combat sports
**** Boxing glove
***** Hand wrap
**** MMA gloves
*** Cycling glove
*** Driving glove
*** Focus mitt
*** Hand guard
**** Grip
*** Ice hockey glove
**** Blocker
**** Trapper
*** Lacrosse glove
** Headgear
*** Caps
**** Baseball cap
**** Casquette
**** Cricket cap
***** Baggy green
**** Sports visor
*** Helmets
**** Association football headgear
**** Batting helmet
**** Bicycle helmet
**** Cricket helmet
**** Equestrian helmet
**** Football helmet
***** Eyeshield
***** Face mask
***** Guardian Cap
**** Hockey helmet
**** Lacrosse helmet
**** Martial arts headgear
***** Wrestling headgear
**** Motorcycle helmet
**** Racing helmet
**** Scrum cap
**** Ski helmet
**** Water polo cap
** HANS device
** Hutchens device
** Hogu
** Mouthguard
** Neck guard
** Pads
*** Leg pads
*** Elbow pad
*** Knee pad
*** Shoulder pad
** Racing suit
** Shin guard
** Throat guard
** Wrist guard
** Ice hockey goaltending equipment
*** Goaltender mask
** Motorcycle personal protective equipment
*** Motorcycle armor
** Protective equipment in gridiron football
* Baseball uniform
* Basketball uniform
* Cricket whites
* Cycling kit
* Martial arts uniform
** Brazilian jiu-jitsu gi
** Dobok
** Keikogi
*** Obi
** Karate gi
** Judogi
** Mixed martial arts clothing
** Võ phục
** Wrestling singlet
* Ski suit
* Snowmobile suit
* Soccer kit
Ball
* Basketball
* Bat and ball sports
** Baseball
** Cricket ball
* Billiard ball
* Bowling ball
* Football
** Gridiron football
** Soccer ball
** Gaelic ball
** Rugby ball
* Hockey
** Bandy ball
** Hockey puck
* Golf ball
* Park golf ball
* Lacrosse ball
* Rhythmic gymnastics
* Shuttlecock
* Sliotar
* Tennis ball
* Volleyball
* Water polo ball
Clubs
* Bat
** Baseball bat
*** Composite baseball bat
*** Pink bat
*** Baseball doughnut
** Cricket bat
*** ComBat
* Racket
** Spaghetti racquet
** Table tennis racket
*** Table tennis rubber
*** Speed glue
* Stick
** Cue stick
** Hockey sticks
*** Fiel hockey stick
*** Ice hockey stick
** Hurley
** Golf club
***Wood
***Iron
****Wedge
***Hybrid
***Putter
** Lacrosse stick
Weapons
* Bow
** Compound bow
** Recurve bow
* Fencing
** Épée
** Foil
** Sabre
* Laser pistol
* Paintball marker
* Shinai
Goalposts
* Basketball
** Backboard
** Basket
*** Rim
*** Breakaway rim
*** Net
Line marker
Machines
* Stringing machine
* Throwing machine
** Bowling machine
** Pitching machine
* Water hog
Oar and Paddle
Tee
Vehicles
* Non motorized
** Pedal vehicle
*** Cycling
**** Bicycle
***** Recumbent bicycle
**** Tricycle
***** Handcycle
**** Quadricycle
**** Unicycle
*** Human-powered aircraft
*** Watercraft
**** Amphibious cycle
**** Hydrocycle
**** Human-powered hydrofoil
**** Pedalo
** Paddle/oar
*** Kayak
*** Packraft
*** Racing shell
**** Coxed pair
**** Coxless pair
**** Coxed four
**** Coxless four
**** Eight
** Sailing
*** Sloop
*** Sailing hydrofoil
*** International DN
* Motorized
** Car
*** Bullpen car
*** Golf cart
*** Safety car
*** Open-wheel car
**** Formula One car
*** Paintball tank
** Motorcycle
*** Pit bike
Officiant equipment
* Christmas tree
* Penalty card
* Penalty flag
* Racing flags
* Vanishing spray
* Whistle
Timekeeping
* Chess clock
* Pitch clock
* Shot clock
** Play clock
Caving equipment
Climbing equipment
* Rock-climbing equipment
Cricket clothing and equipment
Cue sport equipment
* Billiard table
** Baize
* Rack
Exercise equipment
* Elliptical trainer
* Stationary bicycle
* Bicycle trainer
* Bicycle rollers
* Treadmill
** Treadmill desk
** Treadmill with Vibration Isolation Stabilization
* Wall bars
* Bulgarian bag
* Bell
** Barbell
** Dumbbell
** Kettlebell
Golf equipment
* Ball washer
Gymnastics
* Parallettes
* Artistic
** Balance beam
** Floor
** Horizontal bar
** Parallel bars
** Pommel horse
** Rings
** Uneven bars
** Vault
* Rhythmic
** Ball
** Clubs
** Hoop
** Ribbon
** Rope
Ice hockey equipment
Martial arts equipment
* Hojo undō
** Makiwara
* Mu ren zhuang
* Punching bag
Motorcycle riding gear
Paintball equipment
Rugby union equipment
* Scrum machine

Comparison of sports

Governing bodies

World governing bodies of various notable sports:

Multisports:
* Olympic Games: International Olympic Committee
* World Games: International World Games Association
* Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations
* Alliance of Independent Recognised Members of Sport
* SportAccord
Baseball and Softball: World Baseball Softball Confederation
Basketball: FIBA, but national pro leagues may diverge from its rules, as in the US
Cricket: International Cricket Council
Cue sports: World Confederation of Billiards Sports:
* Carom billiards: Union Mondiale de Billard
* Pocket billiards : World Pool-Billiard Association
* Snooker and English billiards: World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association
Football variants have many governing bodies, with widely divergent rules:
* Association football : FIFA
* Gridiron football is divided in into:
** American football: International Federation of American Football is the world governing body, but U.S. domestic leagues at professional and college levels may diverge from its rules
** Canadian football: Football Canada
* Rugby football is divided into two "codes" or sets of rules:
** Rugby league: International Rugby League
** Rugby union: World Rugby
* Australian rules football: AFL Commission
* Gaelic football: Gaelic Athletic Association
* International-rules football: A conference of the AFL and GAA
Golf: International Golf Federation
Ice hockey: International Ice Hockey Federation
Motor racing:
* Car racing: International Federation of the Automobile
* Motorcycle racing: International Motorcycling Federation
* Motorboat racing: International Motonautical Union and others, depending on boat type
Tennis: International Tennis Federation
Underwater sports
* Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques

Glosaries

Sports in court

;General

Court of Arbitration for Sport

;American footballAmerican Needle, Inc. v. National Football League

Two cases that involved the trademark rights of the Washington Redskins:
* Harjo et al v. Pro Football, Inc.
* Pro-Football, Inc. v. HarjoNCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

;Association football

;Baseball

;BasketballHaywood v. National Basketball AssociationRobertson v. National Basketball Association
;Other sports

Kolpak ruling

Sports medicine

Sports and media

Sports magazines

Sports participants

Game play

Sport techniques

Cue sports techniques

Sports management

Sports culture

Sports and politics

Sporting events

Sociology of sport

The sociology of sport is a subfield of sociology which aims to study sports through the lens of interactions between different groups and cultures. The field has also investigated how various gender divides in sports can influence feminist movements.

Sport psychology

Sport psychology is the study of how psychological factors can impact engagement in professional and recreational sports, as well as how sports impact an athlete's psychological state. After becoming popular in the early 20th century, it is now a recognized scientific field which is relevant to many different sports. Modern sports psychologists often use a combination of goal setting, visualization techniques and preperformance routines to help athletes achieve their goals.