November 1933

November 1, 1933 (Wednesday)

• The regulations for Germany's Dachau concentration camp were put into effect by its commander, Theodor Eicke, and used as a blueprint for other camps. Under Article 12, people who refused to work, or shouted while on the job, were to be shot immediately.
• Born:
• *Huub Oosterhuis, Dutch theologian; in Amsterdam
• *Samir Roychoudhury, Indian Bengali poet and philosopher of Hungry generation; in Panihati, Bengal Province, British India

  November 2, 1933 (Thursday)

• Home rule in Malta, at the time a British colony, was suspended after the Nationalist Party continued to advocate Italian as an official language to be used in schools and court proceedings, in order to strengthen ties to Fascist Italy. Authority over the islands was returned to the British Governor, General David Campbell.
• Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady of the United States, opened the White House Conference on the Emergency Needs of Women.
• Born: H. Jay Dinshah, founder of the American Vegan Society, and the first President of the Vegetarian Union of North America; in Malaga, New Jersey

  November 3, 1933 (Friday)

• The United States and Haiti signed a treaty of friendship.
• Born:
• * Michael Dukakis, American politician and 1988 Democratic Presidential nominee; in Brookline, Massachusetts
• * Ken Berry, American TV actor who portrayed Sam Jones on The Andy Griffith Show and Mayberry R.F.D.; in Moline, Illinois
• * Aneta Corsaut, American TV actress best known as Helen Crump on The Andy Griffith Show; in Hutchinson, Kansas
• * Jeremy Brett, British TV actor best known for portraying Sherlock Holmes; in Berkswell, Warwickshire
• * John Barry, British film score composer for the original James Bond films, in York
• * Amartya Sen, Indian economist and 1998 Nobel laureate, in Santiniketan
• Died: Pierre Paul Émile Roux, 69, French physician and immunologist who created the cure for diphtheria

  November 4, 1933 (Saturday)

• Otto Fischer of Germany became the first person to be launched in a manned rocket, lifting off from the island of Rügen in a liquid oxygen and gasoline fueled missile, rapidly ascending to an altitude of six miles, and then returning to earth by parachute ten minutes later.
• Sally Rand, who had attained fame doing the suggestive "fan dance", announced that she was giving up her signature routine.
• Born:
• *Charles K. Kao, Chinese-born physicist known as the "Father of Fiber Optic Communications"; in Shanghai ;
• *Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002; in Vatomandry ;
• *Odumegwu Ojukwu, Nigerian general who led the abortive secession of Biafra from 1967 to 1970; in Zungeru
• *Mildred McDaniel, American track athlete who held the women's world record for the high jump; in Atlanta
• Died: John Jay Chapman, 81, American author

  November 5, 1933 (Sunday)

• In Spain, Basque voters in the provinces of Vizcaya, Alava and Guipuzcoa approved a resolution for an autonomous republic within the nation.
• Nearly 300 troops from Paraguay were killed in battle at Fort Arce in their war against Bolivia.
• Five people died when an airplane crashed into their home near Red Bank, New Jersey.
• Died:
• *Texas Guinan, 49, American club operator keeper and actress who operated the "300 Club" during prohibition, died of amoebic dysentery
• *Sen Katayama, 73, founder of the Japanese Communist Party

  November 6, 1933 (Monday)

• In Portugal, Decree number 23,203 from Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar established the Special Military Court which could convict people of any action deemed subversive, including the spreading of rumors or the organizing of strikes.
• British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald said in a speech to his cabinet of ministers and party leaders that the United States was becoming a dictatorship, commenting, "We must always look out for the backwash. It will be interesting to see what the backwash will be in America and Germany by next April.
• Born:
• *Knut Johannesen, Norwegian speed-skater, Olympic gold medalist 1960 and 1964; in Oslo
• *Else Ackermann, German physician and pharmacologist; in Berlin
• Died: Polly Bemis, 80, Chinese-born American pioneer whose story was made into a novel and a 1991 film, ''Thousand Pieces of Gold''

  November 7, 1933 (Tuesday)

• Mohandas K. Gandhi began a 12,500 mile, nine month tour of India to promote the cause of ending prejudice against the Harijan caste.
• The United States and Saudi Arabia signed their first treaty; in the initial agreement, they granted each other most favored nation status in trade.
• Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Utah all voted in favor of repealing the 18th Amendment in general elections, but North Carolina and South Carolina became the first two states to vote to continue to ban liquor sales. The four new states brought the total number of ratifications to 37, one short of the 38 necessary.
• Voters in most Pennsylvania cities approved the repeal of a ban on Sunday sports, paving the way for the new NFL franchises in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia to operate.
• Born: Abdallah Laroui, Moroccan historian; in Azemmour
• Died: Andrey Lyapchev, 66, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 1926 to 1931

  November 8, 1933 (Wednesday)

• Mohammed Nadir Shah, the King of Afghanistan since 1929, was assassinated by Abdul Khaliq, a 17-year-old student who shot the King at an awards ceremony at the Royal Palace in Kabul. Khaliq was avenging the execution of his adoptive father, Ghulam Nabi Charki, who had been put to death on the King's orders exactly a year earlier. The King was succeeded by his 19-year-old son, Mohammed Zahir Shah, who would rule until 1973.

  November 9, 1933 (Thursday)

• As part of his New Deal programs, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6420-B, creating the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.
• Brooke Hart, the 22-year-old son of a department store owner in San Jose, California, was kidnapped by two men as he was leaving work for the day. The men beat Hart to death, dropped his body from a bridge, and then called the Hart family to demand a ransom of $40,000 for his safe return.
• Jamil al-Midfai became the new Prime Minister of Iraq
• Born: Jim Perry, American game show host known for $ale of the Century; in Camden, New Jersey
• Died: William Dick, 76, U.S. Mohican Indian believed to be the last person who could speak the Mohican language, which was never written down.

  November 10, 1933 (Friday)

• The first sitdown strike in the United States during the depression took place when workers at the Hormel food processing factory in Austin, Minnesota, halted work and occupied the plant for three days.
• Thousands of angry farmers marched into the town of Marshall, Minnesota, seized control of the Swift and Company chicken processing plant as part of a farm strike to protest against mortgage foreclosures on farms as part of the activities of the "Farm Holiday Association".
• Born:
• *Don Clarke, New Zealand rugby union football player and cricketer, nicknamed "The Boot"; in Pihama
• *Ronald Evans, American astronaut who flew the command module on Apollo 17, the last crewed mission to the Moon; in St. Francis, Kansas
• *Alexander Bessmertnykh, Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union 1990–1991; in Biysk
• Died: Hugh Trevor

  November 11, 1933 (Saturday)

• The first dust storm in the "Dust Bowl", an area that experienced a long series of such wind storms, swept through South Dakota and stripped away almost all of the loose topsoil by the end of the first day, and making the skies black by the second day. The storms would continue throughout the 1930s.
• Girl Scout cookies, according to one source, were created when the Girl Scouts of Greater Philadelphia were baking treats on the Armistice Day holiday, as a community project to benefit day care centers. Passers by the kitchen at 1401 Arch Street in Philadelphia asked about buying the cookies, and the money raised inspired the girls to repeat the project the next autumn, with the Keebler Company making a special vanilla shortbread cookie in the shape of the Girl Scout emblem.
• Control of Easter Island was transferred from the Compania Explotadora de la Isla de Pascua, a subsidiary of the Williamson-Balfour Company, to the Republic of Chile.
• In Austria, a decree by dictator Engelbert Dollfuss provided for prompt judgment and sentencing for people charged with murder, arson or damage of state property.
• The Dow Jones Composite Average was introduced, combining the Industrial, Transportation and Utility Averages.
• Born: Miriam Tlali, the first black South African woman to publish a novel, starting with Muriel at Metropolitan in 1979; in Doornfontein, Johannesburg

  November 12, 1933 (Sunday)

• Voters in Germany overwhelmingly approved Adolf Hitler's decision to withdraw from the League of Nations. Of the 43.5 million who participated in the plebiscite- reported as 97% of those eligible- 42,735,059 voted "yes" on the proposal to leave the League and 737,676 no. The slate of Nazi candidates for the Reichstag also received 92% of the vote, with 39,655,224 voting in favor and 3,398,249 against.
• The Eastern Turkestan Republic was established by Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, and Tatars as an Islamic republic, with Khoja Niyaz as the first President and Sabit Damolla as the Prime Minister. The Republic lasted until April 16, 1934, when it was overthrown by joint Soviet and Chinese forces.
• The Precision Optical Industry, as predecessor for Canon, founded in Tokyo, Japan.
• The NFL Pittsburgh Pirates lost 32–0 to the NFL Brooklyn Dodgers, and the Philadelphia Eagles tied the Chicago Bears, 3–3, in the first Sunday home games for both teams, days after Pennsylvania voters removed a ban on paid sporting events on the Christian Sabbath Day.
• The first purported photograph of the Loch Ness monster was taken by Hugh Gray, who was able only to snap a picture of Nessie's torso, as its head was underwater at the time.
• Born: Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq from 2006 to 2014; in Kelkan village of the Kurdistan region