Mike Pompeo
Michael Richard Pompeo is an American politician, attorney, diplomat, and former U.S. Army officer who served in the first administration of Donald Trump as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency from 2017 to 2018, and as the 70th United States secretary of state from 2018 to 2021. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017.
Pompeo was born in Orange, California. After graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1986 and completing his obligatory five-year service as a U.S. Army officer, Pompeo went on to graduate from Harvard Law School. He worked as an attorney until 1998 and then became an entrepreneur in the aerospace and oilfield industries. Pompeo was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2010, representing until 2017. Although Pompeo criticized Donald Trump, whom he called "authoritarian" and "not a conservative believer", as a surrogate for the Marco Rubio campaign, Pompeo later endorsed Trump after he became the Republican nominee in the 2016 presidential election. Trump appointed him Director of the CIA in January 2017 and Secretary of State in April 2018.
As a politician, Pompeo has been a vocal critic of the Chinese Communist Party and general secretary Xi Jinping whom he calls a "dictator"; he directed U.S.–China relations in opposition to China's policies regarding the oppression of Uyghurs, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the South China Sea. He was sanctioned by China immediately after leaving office. He advocated for moving the U.S. Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem and the withdrawal of the United States from the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran.
As CIA director, Pompeo invoked the state secrets privilege to prevent CIA officers from testifying in the trials regarding the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques. As secretary of state, Pompeo declared that the U.S.'s human rights policy should prioritize religious liberty and property rights. He oversaw the controversial move of the U.S. Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, the recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel, the reduction of U.S. forces in Syria, and the assassination of Qasem Soleimani. He brokered the Abraham Accords, which normalized diplomatic relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, and disputed the role of Mohammed bin Salman in the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi. He unsuccessfully negotiated during multiple summits of the 2017–2018 North Korea crisis to dismantle North Korea's nuclear weapons program.
He was among the staunchest Trump loyalists in the Cabinet and routinely flouted State Department norms in aid of Trump's objectives, including supporting Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election, and a 2020 Republican National Convention speech found to be in violation of the Hatch Act. In an Instagram post after his victory in the 2024 election, President Trump declared that he would "not be inviting Mike Pompeo and Nikki Haley to join" his next administration.
Early life and education
Pompeo was born in Orange, California, the son of Dorothy and Wayne Pompeo. His paternal great-grandparents, Carlo Pompeo and Adelina Tollis were born in Pacentro, Abruzzo, Italy, and emigrated to the United States in 1899 and 1900, respectively. In 1982, Pompeo graduated from Los Amigos High School in Fountain Valley, California, where he played forward on the basketball team. In 1986, Pompeo graduated first in his class from the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he majored in engineering management. He was a classmate of Brian Bulatao and Ulrich Brechbuhl, who later helped him found Thayer Aerospace. Today, the tight-knit group of graduates—some cheekily refer to themselves, as the "West Point Mafia"—constitutes a uniquely powerful circle at the highest levels of government.From 1986 to 1991, Pompeo served in the U.S. Army as an armor officer with the West Germany-based 2nd Squadron, 7th Cavalry in the 4th Infantry Division. He served as a tank platoon leader before becoming a cavalry troop executive officer and then the squadron maintenance officer. Pompeo left the U.S. Army at the rank of captain.
In 1994, Pompeo earned a juris doctor from Harvard Law School, where he was an editor of the Harvard Law Review and the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy.
Early career
After graduating from law school, he worked as a lawyer for Williams & Connolly in Washington.In 1996, Pompeo moved to Wichita, Kansas, where he and three West Point friends, Brian Bulatao, Ulrich Brechbuhl, and Michael Stradinger, acquired three aircraft-parts manufacturers there and in St. Louis, renaming the entity Thayer Aerospace after West Point superintendent Sylvanus Thayer. Venture funding for the private organization included a nearly 20% investment from Koch Industries as well as Dallas-based Cardinal Investment, and Bain & Company. Brechbuhl and Stradinger left the company shortly after it was founded, but Pompeo and Bulatao continued.
In 2006, he sold his interest in the company, which by then had been renamed Nex-Tech Aerospace, to Highland Capital Management, which had clients including Lockheed Martin, Gulfstream Aerospace, Cessna Aircraft, Boeing, Spirit AeroSystems and Raytheon Aircraft. Pompeo then became president of Sentry International, an oilfield equipment manufacturer that was also a partner of Koch Industries.
In 2017, when Pompeo became head of the CIA, he named his former business partner, Brian Bulatao, the agency's chief operating officer.
U.S. House of Representatives (2011–2017)
Elections
Pompeo represented Kansas's 4th congressional district from 2011 until his January 2017 appointment to director of the Central Intelligence Agency.In the 2010 election, Pompeo won the Republican primary for Kansas's 4th District congressional seat with 39% of the vote, defeating state senator Jean Schodorf and two other candidates. Late in the primary, Schodorf began to surge in the polls, prompting two outside groups—Common Sense Issues and Americans for Prosperity—to spend tens of thousands of dollars in the campaign's final days to attack Schodorf and support Pompeo. A month before the general election, Pompeo was endorsed by former U.S. senator and former presidential candidate Bob Dole. In the general election, Pompeo defeated Democratic nominee Raj Goyle, a member of the Kansas House of Representatives. Pompeo received 59% of the vote to 36% for Goyle.
During Pompeo's campaign, its affiliated Twitter account praised as a "good read" a news article that called Goyle, his Indian-American opponent, a "turban topper" who "could be a Muslim, a Hindu, a Buddhist etc. who knows". Pompeo later apologized to Goyle for the tweet. Pompeo received $80,000 in donations during the campaign from Koch Industries and its employees.
In the 2012 election, Pompeo defeated Democratic nominee Robert Tillman by a margin of 62–32%. Koch Industries gave Pompeo's campaign $110,000.
In the 2014 election, Pompeo won the general election with 67% of the vote, defeating Democrat Perry Schuckman.
In the 2016 election, Pompeo beat Democrat Daniel B. Giroux in the general election with 61% of the vote.
Tenure in Congress
Pompeo served on the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce, the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Digital Commerce and Consumer Protection, the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Energy, the United States House Intelligence Subcommittee on the CIA, and the United States House Select Committee on Benghazi.Pompeo was a member of the Congressional Constitution Caucus.
Pompeo was original sponsor of the Safe and Accurate Food Labeling Act of 2015.
CIA Director (2017–2018)
On November 18, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Pompeo to be the director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He was confirmed by the Senate on January 23, 2017, with a vote of 66–32, and sworn in later that day. In his confirmation he failed to disclose the links between his company in Kansas and a Chinese government-owned firm.In February 2017, Pompeo traveled to Turkey and Saudi Arabia. He met with Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to discuss policy on Syria and ISIL. Pompeo honored the then-crown prince of Saudi Arabia Muhammad bin Nayef with the CIA's "George Tenet" Medal. It was the first reaffirmation of Saudi Arabia–United States relations since Trump took office in January 2017. In March 2017, Pompeo formally invoked state secrets privilege to prevent CIA officers, including Gina Haspel and James Cotsana, from being compelled to testify in the trial of Bruce Jessen and James Elmer Mitchell.
On 13 April 2017, in an address at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Pompeo described WikiLeaks as a "hostile intelligence service." This was in response to the publication of Vault 7, that detailed the electronic surveillance and cyber warfare capabilities of the CIA.
In June 2017, Pompeo named Michael D'Andrea head of the CIA's Iran mission center.
In August 2017, Pompeo took direct command of the Counterintelligence Mission Center, the department which had helped to launch an investigation into possible links between Trump associates and Russian officials. Former CIA officials, including John Sipher, expressed concern given Pompeo's proximity to the White House and Donald Trump.
In September 2017, Pompeo sought authority for the CIA to make covert drone strikes without the Pentagon's involvement, including inside Afghanistan. During Easter weekend 2018, Pompeo visited North Korea and met with Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un to discuss the upcoming 2018 North Korea–United States summit between Kim and Trump.
Pompeo usually personally delivered the president's daily brief in the Oval Office. At Trump's request, Pompeo met with former NSA official William E. Binney to discuss his doubts of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.
At the suggestion of Tony Perkins, president of the Family Research Council, Pompeo planned to hire chaplains at the CIA. In an April 2019 speech at Texas A&M University, Pompeo said "I was the CIA director. We lied, we cheated, we stole. It was like we had entire training courses... it reminds you of the glory of the American experiment."