2022–23 North American winter
The 2022–23 North American winter was quite warm for the eastern half of North America, with much of the Eastern United States experiencing one of their warmest and least snowy winters on record. Despite this, numerous significant events still occurred, including a severe lake-effect winter storm across the Great Lakes region in mid-November, a cold wave bringing extremely cold temperatures to the Northeast in early-February, and several tornado outbreaks throughout the winter. However, most of the winter's damage and fatalities were due to a crippling and historic winter storm that wreaked havoc across the majority of the United States and parts of Canada in late-December. Additionally, the Western United States was colder than usual in contrast to the east, with a series of atmospheric rivers through December to March bringing widespread flooding in California and record amounts of snow across the region. During the winter, five storms have been ranked on the Regional Snowfall Index, two of which have attained the “Major” category. Similar to the previous two winters, a La Niña was expected to influence weather patterns across the continent.
While there is no well-agreed-upon date used to indicate the start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere, there are two definitions of winter which may be used. Based on the astronomical definition, winter begins at the winter solstice, which in 2022 occurred on December 21, and ends at the March equinox, which in 2023 occurred on March 20. Based on the meteorological definition, the first day of winter is December 1 and the last day February 28. Both definitions involve a period of approximately three months, with some variability. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. Since both definitions span the calendar year, it is possible to have a winter storm spanning two different years.
Seasonal forecasts
On October 20, 2022, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Prediction Center released its outlook for the upcoming winter in the United States. Temperatures were favored to be below normal in the Pacific Northwest and Northern Plains, and above normal in the Southwestern United States, Southeastern United States and Northeastern United States. Temperatures were forecast to be above average in Hawaii and near average across most of Alaska. Precipitation was forecast to be above normal in the Pacific Northwest and Great Lakes region, and below normal in the Southwestern United States and Southeastern United States. Western Alaska was forecast to have above normal precipitation, as was Hawaii.Seasonal summary
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On October 17, a minor early-season cold-core low impacted the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, with some areas receiving of snow, and over 30,000 customers losing power. This resulted in the heaviest October snow on record for Marquette, Michigan across a two-day period. Over the next few days, cold air pushed south, breaking records in the Midwest and Deep South. For the first time in history, Tallahassee, Florida froze before Denver, Colorado. On November 4, a winter storm on the backend of a tornado outbreak led to a 100-car pileup in Denver forcing 6th Avenue to close. The crash led to 13 injuries, one of which was serious. In Amarillo, Texas, the temperature dropped to, allowing for rare early-season snowflakes. On November 9, a major winter storm struck North Dakota, leading to a pileup causing several injuries on Interstate 94. An intense lake-effect snowstorm produced massive snow accumulations, primarily situated in the Buffalo area, with the highest total of snowfall peaking in Orchard Park, New York. Prior to the Christmas holiday, another snowstorm occurred, which led to 106 deaths, 41 in the Buffalo area alone. On January 8, icy roads in Iowa led to a car crash, killing 2. On February 1, New York City finally picked up of snow, their latest date for first snowfall on record. That storm also dropped in Philadelphia and in Baltimore. Heavy snow resulted in Mesa Verde National Park being shut down for 3 days in mid-February.
Events
Early November blizzard
Starting late on November 9, a significant blizzard affected the Midwestern United States. The Storm Prediction Center issued a Mesoscale Discussion 1938 stating portions of North Dakota and Minnesota would have snowfall rates per hour for much of the day on November 10. On November 10, of ice was reported west-northwest of Westwood Colony, South Dakota. On Interstate 94 in North Dakota, a pileup of at least two dozen cars resulted in “numerous” injuries, but no fatalities. Between Fargo and Grand Forks, portions of Interstate 29 closed. of snow was reported in Ralph, South Dakota. In Bismarck, North Dakota, fell, making it the second snowiest day in Bismarck on record. The Winter Storm was unofficially named Winter Storm Alejandra by The Weather Channel.Mid-November winter storm
An intense lake-effect snow storm produced massive snow accumulations in the Buffalo metropolitan area. In preparation for the storm, the NFL game between the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns game was moved to Detroit. In addition, New York Governor Kathy Hochul declared a state of emergency for 11 counties in Upstate New York. On the New York Thruway west of Exit 46, the road closed on the afternoon of November 17. Multiple Amtrak stations such as Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Depew closed, and Erie County suspended all bus service. Hamburg recorded of snow by 8am on November 18. By 2:30pm, that amount increased to, with in Orchard Park. In Buffalo, from 8-9pm fell. Reed Timmer measured of snow at 9:30pm in Hamburg. Over 6,000 customers lost power. The same lake effect storm also hammered parts of Ohio with up to of snow in 12 hours. By the morning of November 19, Hamilton Park reported of snow. Orchard Park reached of snow, and of snow in 24 hours, which broke the record for the area. Buffalo International Airport reported by the end of the storm. Hamburg, New York eventually reported of snow, being the highest total from the storm. Heavy lake-effect snow also occurred in Watertown where of snow was reported. Snow was amplified partially due to very warm Lake Erie temperatures of.Mid-December blizzard
A major blizzard occurred in the Great Plains related to a tornado outbreak, leading to heavy snow and freezing rain. In Fargo, North Dakota, all after school activities on December 13 were canceled. Parts of Interstate 80 in Nebraska and Interstate 76 in Colorado were shut down due to the blizzard, as was part of Interstate 90 in South Dakota. Portions of Interstate 29 were also shut down as the storm approached. Freezing rain accumulation peaked at in Litchville, North Dakota. Further east, blizzard conditions and thundersnow were verified in Duluth, Minnesota. Power outages totaled 45,000 in Minnesota, 70,000 in Wisconsin and 43,700 in Michigan. In Penn State University, the snowstorm forced the final exams to be rescheduled from December 15 to December 16 and 17. Small portions of Interstate 80 in Pennsylvania closed due to the storm. As of the morning of December 16, snow accumulations reached in Wilmington, Vermont. In New Hampshire, many regions received over 20 inches by the storm's end. Ultimately, over 160,000 customers in the Northeast lost power, including over 100,000 in New Hampshire alone.Pre-Christmas blizzard and cold snap
Just prior to the Christmas holiday, another powerful and significant blizzard, unofficially named Winter Storm Elliott by The Weather Channel, began developing in southern Canada along an arctic front. It additionally dropped significant snowfall and record-breaking cold to the northern parts of the United States. Denver saw of snow, as temperatures fell to, the coldest temperature in the city since exactly 32 years ago, and just one degree shy of tying the monthly record low. Parts of the state saw over a foot of snow. Denver saw their largest hourly temperature drop on December 21 from 4-5pm, as temperatures fell from to. Cheyenne, Wyoming broke their hourly temperature drop record in just 30 minutes, as temperatures fell from to from 1:05pm to 1:35pm. In Casper, the low of set an all-time record. In Malta, Montana, the wind chill got as low as. Eight thousand customers in Wichita, Kansas lost power, and portions of Interstate 435 closed due to snow. Overnight in Kansas City temperatures dropped from to in just six hours. The highest snowfall totals in Iowa reached. In Nashville the low of was the coldest low temperature in the city since 1996. The winter storm led to 104 deaths, with 41 occurring in the Buffalo metropolitan area alone.December–March California atmospheric rivers
A series of atmospheric rivers starting on December 31 and extending into 2023 caused widespread heavy rainfall and snowfall in Northern California and Nevada, leading to flooding. At least 22 people were killed, although it is unknown how many fatalities were due to winter weather. President Joe Biden declared a state of emergency in California due to the winter storms.Late January–early February ice storm
An ice storm impacted the southern portion of the Great Plains at the end of January. As a result of the ice, several interstates in Texas, including interstates 10, 30, 35W, and 40, shut down after multiple car accidents occurred. The Weather Channel reported ten fatalities due to car accidents caused by the ice storm, however the National Centers for Environmental Information reported no fatalities. A total of of ice accumulated in Fischer, Texas, and Dallas set a daily snowfall record on January 31, at. Additionally, more than 1,600 flights were cancelled, including over a thousand flights were cancelled at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, and over 563,000 customers were left without power. On February 4, Texas governor Greg Abbott signed an emergency declaration for seven counties.Early February cold wave
Following an arctic front moving in the night of February 2, extremely cold temperatures settled into the Northeast on February 3 and 4. Schools in Boston, Massachusetts closed on February 3 in anticipation of the cold temperatures. On February 4, 2023, Boston experienced a temperature of, the first double-digit negative temperature in the city since the 1950s. Nantucket, Massachusetts was, which tied a record low also set in both 2004 and 1962. Portland, Maine had a record low wind chill of. Atop Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the wind chill hit, the coldest wind chill in the United States, with an air temperature of combined with wind speeds of. The cold wave caused 5,000 power outages in Connecticut. The temperature in Bridgeport, Connecticut of broke the previous record by 9 °F. Temperatures in Burlington, Vermont were on February 4, leading to steam devils on Lake Champlain. Several frostquakes occurred in Maine. An all-time record low temperature was set atop Whiteface Mountain, at. Strong winds relating to the arctic front killed a passenger in a car in western Massachusetts when a tree fell on the car. 60,000 customers lost power due to the cold wave in New England, with 46,000 in Massachusetts alone. 191 flights were delayed and 62 flights were cancelled out of Logan International Airport due to the bitter cold.In preparation for the cold snap, a wind chill advisory was issued for eastern Suffolk County. In New York City, the low at Central Park on February 4 was, marking the coldest temperature there since 2019, although shy of the previous record low for the date. However, LaGuardia Airport's low of and John F. Kennedy International Airport’s low of were low enough to set daily records. Newark, New Jersey also recorded a record low of, although it was the only site in the state to break a daily record. Temperatures in the state got as low as at High Point Monument in Sussex County, New Jersey.
The National Centers for Environmental Information documented that this winter storm and cold wave caused $1.6 billion in damage.
Late February–early March storm complexes
First storm (February 21–28)
A winter storm, unofficially named Winter Storm Olive by The Weather Channel, was impacting the Midwestern United States from February 21–24. Beginning February 21, several inches of snow to a foot fell across parts of Wisconsin and Iowa, with the highest accumulations occurring north of the Interstate 90 corridor. Freezing rain and sleet disrupted travel around the region, with ice accumulations reaching 1/4 of an inch. of snow fell in Minneapolis, while Faribault recorded of snow. Hundreds of car crashes were reported, including 4 jackknifed semi-trucks. Wind gusts of over impacted the Twin cities.There were 13 fatalities, including a firefighter in Michigan, at least 1,200,000 power outages, and at least 3,000 flights cancelled by the storm.