List of private spaceflight companies


Private spaceflight companies include non-governmental or privately owned entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. This list includes both inactive and active entities.
List of abbreviations used in this article

LEO: Low Earth orbit
GTO: Geostationary transfer orbit
HCO: Heliocentric orbit
VTOL: Vertical take-off and landing
SSTO: Single-stage-to-orbit
TSTO: Two-stage-to-orbit
SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub-orbit

Commercial astronauts

Manufacturers of space vehicles

Cargo transport vehicles

Company nameSpacecraftLaunch systemLength Dry mass Launch mass Payload Payload volume Return payload Diameter Generated power Automated dockingStatus
SpaceXDragonFalcon 9 Block 5 pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture, plus 14, or 34 capsule returnNoRetired
SpaceXDragon 2Falcon 9 Block 5, plus 14 YesOperational
SpaceXStarship (spacecraft)Super Heavy52.1-----9--In development
OrbitalCygnus (standard)Antares 110None3500NoRetired
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsCygnus (enhanced)Antares 230
Atlas V 401
Falcon 9 Block 5
27NoneNoOperational
Sierra SpaceDream Chaser Cargo SystemAtlas V
Vulcan
pressurized, 500 unpressurizedYesDevelopment
Planned: 2025

Crew transport vehicles

Suborbital

Company nameSpacecraftRangeLaunch
system
Crew
size
Length Diameter Launch mass First
spaceflight*
Status
Scaled CompositesSpaceShipOneWhite Knight18.538.053,60021 June 2004Retired
Blue OriginNew Shepard Crew Capsule New Shepard63.6Crewed: July 20, 2021
Operational
The Spaceship CompanySpaceShipTwoWhite Knight Two8 18.38.39,74013 December 2018Testing
Copenhagen SuborbitalsTycho Deep Space
Spica1130.9554,000Planned date not knownDevelopment
PD AeroSpace8 14.8>6,000Planned date not knownDevelopment
World ViewExplorer Capsule30 km Stratospheric Balloon10 5.54,500Planned 2024Development

Launch vehicle manufacturers

Company nameLauncher
name
Launcher
type
No. of
stages
Maximum
reach
Launcher
status
Maiden
flight
Ref
ABL Space SystemsRS1Light rocket2LEORetired 10 January 2023
Agnikul CosmosAgnibaanLight rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown
Alpha ImpulsionGrenatLight rocket1LEODevelopmentUnknown
ARCA SpaceHaas 2bSuborbital crewed rocket1SuborbitalCancelled
ARCA SpaceHaas 2CALight rocket1LEOCancelled
ARCA SpaceSuper HaasMedium rocket2LEOProposedUnknown
ARCA SpaceEcoRocket DemonstratorReusable light rocket3LEODevelopment2022
ARCA SpaceEcoRocket HeavyHeavy rocket3Deep spaceProposedUnknown
Australian Space Research InstituteAUSROC NanoLight rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown
Astra SpaceAstra Rocket 1Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired 2018
Astra SpaceAstra Rocket 2Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired 2018
Astra SpaceAstra Rocket 3Light rocket2LEORetired 2020
Astra SpaceAstra Rocket 4Light rocket2LEODevelopment2023
Astra SpaceSALVOLight rocket2LEOCancelled
Bellatrix AerospaceChetakLight rocket2LEODevelopment2023
Blue OriginNew ShepardReusable suborbital rocket1SuborbitalOperational 2015
Blue OriginNew GlennReusable heavy rocket2 or 3GTOOperational 2025
Blue OriginNew ArmstrongReusable super-heavy rocket3HCOProposed~2030
BluShift AerospaceStardustReusable sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational 2020
BluShift AerospaceStarless RogueSounding rocket2SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown
BluShift AerospaceBrown DwarfSounding rocket2 or 3SuborbitalCancelled
BluShift AerospaceRed DwarfLight rocket3LEODevelopmentQ2 2024
Borneo SubOrbitalsTBASounding rocket2 or 3SuborbitalDevelopment2022
Canadian ArrowCanadian ArrowSuborbital crewed rocket2SuborbitalCancelled
CubeCabCab-3ALight rocket3 + airplaneLEOProposedUnknown
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C.JFCR.2000-PolluxSounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown
Dawn AerospaceMk-II AuroraLight RocketSuborbitalTest flights 2023
Evolution SpaceGold Chain CowboySounding Rocket1SuborbitalDevelopment2023
Exos AerospaceSARGEReusable sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational 2018
Equatorial Space SystemsVolansLight Rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown
Equatorial Space SystemsDoradoSounding Rocket1 or 2SuborbitalDevelopment2023
Equatorial Space SystemsLADSounding Rocket1SuborbitalRetired 2020
Firefly AerospaceFirefly AlphaLight rocket2LEOOperational 2021
Firefly AerospaceFirefly MLVLight rocket2LEODevelopment2026
Galactic EnergyCeres-1Light Rocket4LEOOperational 2020
General AstronauticsUraniaMedium rocket3LEOCancelled
Gilmour Space TechnologiesRASTASounding rocket1SuborbitalRetired 2016
Gilmour Space TechnologiesErisLight rocket3LEODevelopmentApril 2023
Generation OrbitX-60A Air-launched sounding rocket1 + airplaneSuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown
Generation OrbitGOLauncher 2Air-launch-to-orbit2 + airplaneLEODevelopmentUnknown
Independence-X AerospaceDNLV Light rocket2LEODevelopment2023
Interorbital SystemsNEPTUNE N seriesLight rocket3–4LEODevelopmentUnknown
Interorbital SystemsNEPTUNE N36Light rocket4TLIProposedUnknown
Interorbital SystemsNeptune TSAAHTOMedium rocketTLIProposedUnknown
Interstellar TechnologiesMomoSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational 2017
Isar AerospaceSpectrumLight rocket2LEOTesting 2025
LauncherLightLight rocket2LEOCancelled
Leaf SpacePrimoLight rocket2LEOCancelled
Lesath InternationalTelsonReusable Light Rocket2LEODevelopment2029
Lesath InternationalScorpionReusable Medium Rocket2TMIProposedUnknown
Lin IndustrialTaymyrLight rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown
Lockheed MartinVentureStarReusable spaceplane1LEOCancelled
Lockheed MartinAthenaMedium rocket2 or 3TLIRetired 1995
Mishaal AerospaceM-SVSounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown
Mishaal AerospaceM-OVLight rocket1 + 6 BoostersLEODevelopmentUnknown
Mishaal AerospaceM-LVLight rocket1 + 8 boostersTLIDevelopmentUnknown
OneSpaceOS-XSounding rocket2SuborbitalOperational 2018
OneSpaceOS-M1Light rocket3LEOOperational 2019
OneSpaceOS-M2Light rocket3 + 2 boostersLEODevelopmentUnknown
OneSpaceOS-M4Light rocket3 + 4 boostersLEODevelopmentUnknown
OrbexPrimeLight rocket2LEODevelopment2023
OrbitXHaribon SLS-1Light rocket2LEODevelopment2023–2024
Outerstellar SpaceCrocoshipMedium rocket1LEODevelopment2040
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsAntaresMedium rocket3LEOOperational 2013
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsMinotaur-C, formerly TaurusLight rocket4LEOOperational 1994
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsPegasusAir-launch-to-orbit3-4 + airplaneHEOOperational 1990
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsOmegaMedium rocket3 + 0-6 boostersGEOCancelled
Orbital Transport & Raketen AGOTRAGMedium rocketvariableLEO
Suborbital
Retired 1977
Perigee AerospaceBlue Whale 1Light rocket2LEODevelopment2025
PLD SpaceMiura 1Sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational 6 October 2023
PLD SpaceMiura 5Light rocket3LEODevelopment2024
Relativity SpaceTerran 1Light rocket2LEORetired 23 March 2023
Relativity SpaceTerran RReusable heavy rocket2Deep spaceDevelopment2024
Rocket CraftersIntrepid-1Light rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown
Rocket LabĀtea-1Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired 2009
Rocket LabĀtea-2Sounding rocket2SuborbitalCancelled
Rocket LabElectronReusable light rocket2TLIOperational 2017
Rocket LabNeutronReusable medium rocket2GTODevelopment2024
RocketStarStar-LordLight rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown
Rocket Factory AugsburgRFA OneLight rocket3LEODevelopment2023
Skyroot AerospaceVikram SSounding rocket3LEOOperational2022 November 18
Skyroot AerospaceVikram-IILight rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown
Skyroot AerospaceVikram-IIILight rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown
SkyroraSkyrora 1Sounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown
SkyroraSkylark MicroSounding rocket2SuborbitalOperational 2021
SkyroraSkylark LSounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopment2022
SkyroraSkyrora XLLight rocket3LEODevelopment2023
SpaceForestBigosSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational 2015
SpaceForestCandle-2Sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational 2016
SpaceForestPerunSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational 2020
SpaceForestSIR Sounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopment2022
Space Services Inc.PercheronSounding rocket1SuborbitalCancelled
Space Services Inc.Conestoga 1620Medium rocket4LEO
Suborbital
Retired 1995
SpaceLSPrometheus-1Light rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown
Space PioneerTiansuo-1Vertical landing test stage1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown
Space PioneerTianlong-1Light rocketLEODevelopmentUnknown
SpaceXFalcon 1Light rocket2LEORetired 2006
SpaceXFalcon 1eLight rocket2LEOCancelled
SpaceXFalcon 5Medium rocket2GTOCancelled
SpaceXFalcon 9 v1.0Medium rocket2GTO
LEO
Retired 2010
SpaceXFalcon 9 v1.1Medium rocket2HCORetired 2013
SpaceXFalcon 9 Full Thrust
Block 1-4
Reusable medium rocket /
Heavy rocket
2TMIRetired 2015
SpaceXFalcon 9 Block 5Reusable medium rocket /
Heavy rocket
2TMIOperational 2018
SpaceXFalcon HeavyReusable heavy rocket /
Super-heavy rocket
2 + 2 boostersDeep space Operational 2018
SpaceXStarship Super-HeavyReusable super-heavy rocket2Deep spaceTesting 2023
Stoke SpaceNovaReusable light rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown
Success RocketsNebo 1Ultralight rocket1SuborbitalOperational December 2021
Success RocketsStalkerUltralight rocket2LEODevelopment2024
United Launch AllianceAtlas VMedium rocket2 + 0-5 boostersTMIOperational 2002
United Launch AllianceDelta II 6000Medium rocket2-3 + 9 boostersGTORetired 1989
United Launch AllianceDelta II 7000Light rocket2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boostersGTORetired 1990
United Launch AllianceDelta II 7000HMedium rocket2-3 + 9 boostersTMIRetired 2003
United Launch AllianceDelta IVMedium rocket2 + 0, 2 or 4 boostersGTORetired 2003
United Launch AllianceDelta IV HeavyHeavy rocket2 + 2 boostersGTORetired 2004
United Launch AllianceVulcanHeavy rocket2 + 0-6 boostersGTOOperational 2024
UP AerospaceSkyloft/Skyloft XLSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational 2006
UP AerospaceSpyderLight rocket2LEODevelopment2023
Vector LaunchVector-RLight rocket2LEODevelopment2023
Vector LaunchVector-RE1Light rocket2 or 3LEOCancelled
Vector LaunchVector-HLight rocket2LEOCancelled
Vector LaunchVector-HE1Light rocket2 or 3LEOCancelled
Virgin OrbitLauncherOneAir-launch-to-orbit2 + airplaneLEORetired 2020
X-Bow SystemsBoltLight rocket1LEODevelopmentJuly 2022
Zero2infinityBloostarRockoon system 3 + high-altitude balloonLEODevelopmentUnknown

Landers, rovers and orbiters

Company nameCraft nameCraft typeCraft statusRef
ARCASPACEELE lunar orbiterDevelopment
Astrobotic TechnologyRed Roverlunar roverDevelopment
Astrobotic TechnologyGriffin lunar landerDevelopment
Astrobotic TechnologyPeregrine Landerlunar lander
Blue OriginBlue Moonlunar landerDevelopment
Blue OriginIntegrated Lander Vehiclecrewed lunar landerDevelopment
DyneticsDynetics HLSlunar landerDevelopment
EurolunaROMITlunar roverCancelled
Firefly AerospaceBlue Ghostlunar landerOperational
Firefly AerospaceElytraorbital vehicleDevelopment
Golden Spike Company
unnamedcrewed lunar landerCancelled
HakutoSoratolunar roverDevelopment
HakutoTetrislunar roverCancelled
Independence-X AerospaceSQUALL lunar landerCancelled
Interorbital SystemsRIPPER lunar landerDevelopment
Intuitive MachinesNova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicleOperational
Lunar Mission Oneunnamedlunar landerProposed
Lunar OutpostMAPP roverlunar roverTesting
Masten Space SystemsXEUSlunar landerNegotiating
Masten Space SystemsXL-1lunar landerDevelopment
Moon ExpressMX-1lunar landerTesting
Odyssey MoonMoonOne lunar roverCancelled
Omega EnvoySaganlunar roverCancelled
OrbitBeyondZ-01lunar landers and roversProposed
PTScientistsAudi Lunar quattrolunar roverTesting
PTScientistsALINA lunar landerDevelopment
Puli Space TechnologiesPulilunar roverFundraising
RoscosmosLuna 25lunar lander
SpaceXStarshipcrewed mars landerDevelopment
SpaceXStarship HLScrewed lunar landerDevelopment
Team FREDNETPicoroverlunar roverCancelled
Team ItaliaAMALIA lunar roverCancelled
Team IndusHHK-1lunar landerDevelopment
Team IndusECAlunar roverDevelopment
TransOrbitalTrailBlazerlunar orbiterCancelled
Team Plan BPlan Blunar roverCancelled
SpacebitAsagumolunar roverTesting
Space ILBeresheetlunar lander
Space Explration CorpDefiantlunar landerCancelled
Synergy MoonTeslalunar roverDevelopment

Research craft and tech demonstrators

Company nameCraft nameCraft purposeCraft statusRef
TesArc SpaceTesAris Satellite ConstellationTesting satellite-based signal detection for defense, security, aviation monitoring, and asset tracking.Development
ARCADemonstrator 2bdemonstrate reusable monopropellant engineRetired
Armadillo AerospaceQuaddemonstrate VTOLRetired
ASRIAUSROC Isystems TestingRetired
ASRIAUSROC IIpayload to 10 kmRetired
ASRIAUSROC 2.5systems TestingTesting
ASRIAUSROC IIIpayload of 150 kg to 500 kmDevelopment
Blue OriginGoddarddemonstrate VTOLRetired
Deep Blue AerospaceNebula-1demonstrate VTOLDevelopment
Evolution SpaceGold Chain Cowboysystems testing, payload to 124 kmDevelopment
Interorbital SystemsNeutrinosystems TestingOperational
Interorbital SystemsTachyonsystems TestingOperational
Lockheed MartinX-33demonstrate SSTOCancelled
Masten Space SystemsXA-0.1demonstrate VTOLRetired
Masten Space SystemsXA-0.1BLunar Lander Challenge Level 1Operational
Masten Space SystemsXA-0.1ELunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flightsRetired
Masten Space SystemsXA-0.1E2commercial flightsDestroyed
Masten Space SystemsXA-0.1E4commercial flightsRetired
Masten Space SystemsXA-0.1E5commercial flightsOperational
Masten Space SystemsXL-1Tterrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar landerDevelopment
Masten Space SystemsXeuscommercial flightsCancelled
McDonnell DouglasDC-Xdemonstrate VTOLRetired
Origin SpaceYang Wang-1space mineral resources developerDevelopment
Rotary RocketRoton ATVdemonstrate VTOLRetired
Space Services Inc.Conestoga Isystems TestingRetired
SpaceXGrasshopperdemonstrate VTOLRetired
SpaceXF9R Dev1refine VTOL Destroyed
SpaceXF9R Dev2refine VTOL Cancelled
SpaceXStarhopperdemonstrate VTOLRetired
SpaceXStarship prototypesdemonstrate VTOLRetired
Swedish Space Corp.Maxuspayload to 700 kmOperational
Swedish Space Corp.Maserpayload to 300 kmOperational
UP AerospaceSpaceLoft XLpayload to 140 kmOperational
World View EnterprisesStratollitepayload up to 30 km and 300 kgOperational
zero2infinitynanobloon 1.0payload to 32 kmOperational
zero2infinitynanobloon 2.0payload to 33 kmOperational
zero2infinitymicrobloon 1.0payload to 24 kmOperational
zero2infinitymicrobloon 2.0payload to 31 kmOperational
zero2infinitymicrobloon 3.0payload to 27 kmOperational