List of mobile network operators in Europe


A mobile network operator, also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier is a provider of wireless communication services.
The main mobile network operators in Europe are listed below.

Albania

Albania as per has 3.66 million subscribers, of whom 2.49 million are active users .
Active users are considered those who have communicated in the last three months.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Albania is the AKEP.
In 2022 4iG group, owning ONE Telecommunications, acquired a majority stake of ALBtelecom Mobile, 80.27%, to a network merger in 2023.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1One Albania
• Includes the former ALBtelecom Mobile network.
GSM-900/1800 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz
LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
3400/3500 MHz 5G NR
1.914 4iG27601
27603
2Vodafone AlbaniaGSM-900/1800 MHz
LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE
3700 MHz/3800 MHz 5G NR
1.764 Vodafone Group plc 27602

Andorra

Andorra has 88,109 mobile subscribers or about 113.63% mobile penetration.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Andorra Telecom
900/1800 MHz GPRS
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2100 MHz LTE-LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.088 Government of Andorra21303

Armenia

Armenia has 3.5 million subscribers in total, and a 120% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1VivaGSM-900/1800 MHz
UMTS-900/2100 MHz
LTE, LTE-A, 5G, VoLTE, VoWiFi
LTE-1800/2600 MHz
2.2 Viva Armenia
Fedilco Group Limited and Konstantin Sokolov ) and Government of Armenia
28305
2TeamGSM-900/1800 MHz
UMTS-900/2100 MHz
LTE-LTE-A
1.0 Telecom Armenia CJSC28301
3UcomGSM-900/1800 MHz
UMTS-900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
LTE-LTE-A -1800/2600 MHz, VoLTE, 5G
0.7 Ucom28310

Austria

Austria has 13.0 million assigned numbers, or a 151.0% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Austria is the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1A1GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR
5.148 A1 Group
, ÖBAG, institutional and others, retail ).
23201
2Magenta Telekom
GSM-900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+

800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
4.557 Deutsche Telekom AG23203
3Drei
• Includes the previous Orange network.
GSM-900/1800

2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR
2.761 CK Hutchison Holdings23205

Azerbaijan

In December 2005, Azerbaijan had 2 million subscribers in total, a 25% penetration rate. In 2014, Azerbaijan had over 10 million subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1AzercellGSM 900 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
4.417 AzInTelecom 40001
2BakcellGSM 900 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
3.4Neqsol Holding40002
3NarGSM 1800 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
2.1 Azerfon LLC40004
4Nakhtel GSM 900 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
CDMA 800
Nakhtel LLC40006

Belarus

Belarus has 12.0 million subscribers in total, or a 126% penetration rate in Q4 of 2020.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belarus is the Ministry of Communications and Informatization.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1MTSGSM-900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
5.6 Beltelecom
MTS
25702
2A1
GSM-900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
4.959 A1 Group25701
3LifeGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1.5 Turkcell25704

Belgium

Belgium has 13.89 million subscribers in total, or a 124% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belgium is the Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Proximus
900/1800 GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
5.095 Proximus Group N.V./S.A.20601
2Orange
900/1800 GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3.467 Orange S.A., others 20610
3Base/Telenet
900/1800 GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2.679 Telenet Group N.V./S.A.
20620
4DIGI
Roaming on Proximus LTE/LTE-A Network
700/900/1800/2100/2600/3600 MHz
5G NR
VoLTE
0.052 51% CityMesh,

49% Digi Communications N.V.
20612

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In December 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina had 3.811 million subscribers in total, or a penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Communications Regulatory Agency.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
in million
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1BH Mobile
GSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM
1.577 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, free float 21890
2m:tel
GSM-900/1800,
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM
1.273 Telekom Srbija21805
3HT ERONET
GSM-900/1800,
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM
0.834 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Hrvatski Telekom, Hrvatska pošta, free float
21803
4haloo
GSM-900/1800,
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM
0.140 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Hrvatski Telekom, Hrvatska pošta, free float
21803
5Novotel
GSM-900/1800,
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
eSIM
0.080 Pro Futuro Mostar, Central Osiguranje, Tehnoservis 21805
6Supernova
GSM-900/1800,
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
-Telekom Srbija21805

Bulgaria

Bulgaria has 7 978 611 subscribers in total, or a 123.9% penetration rate according to the CRC annual report for 2024.
The regulatory authority for Telecommunication in Bulgaria is the Communications Regulation Commission.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
CoverageOwnershipMCC / MNC
1A1
GSM-900
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
700/3600 MHz 5G NR
3.846 A1 Group28401
2Vivacom
GSM-900
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
1800/3600 MHz 5G NR
3.354 United Group28403
3Yettel
GSM-900
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM
700/2600/3600 MHz 5G NR
3.2 e& PPF Telecom Group28405

Croatia

Croatia has 4,404,652 subscribers in total, or a 102.8% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Croatia is the Hrvatska agencija za poštu i elektronicke komunikacije.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Hrvatski Telekom
GSM-900 MHz
3G shutdown: end of 2024
LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
2100/3500 MHz - 5G NR
2.326 Deutsche Telekom AG 21901
2A1
GSM-900 MHz
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, eSIM
700/3600 MHz - 5G NR
1.990 A1 Group21910
3Telemach
GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3400-3800 MHz - 5G NR
eSIM
1.00 United Group21902

Cyprus

Cyprus has 1,392,480 subscribers in total, or a 151.7% penetration rate .
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Cyprus is OCECPR.

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has 16.121 million subscribers in total, or a 151% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1T-Mobile
GSM-900/1800 MHz
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz
LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
6.632 Deutsche Telekom AG23001
2O2
GSM-900/1800 MHz
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/1800/2100 /3500 MHz 5G NR
5.987 e& PPF Telecom Group23002
3Vodafone
GSM-900/1800 MHz
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz
LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
4.212 Vodafone Group plc23003

Denmark

Denmark has 8.208 million subscribers in total, or a 146% penetration rate
In 2011, Denmark liquidated IT- og Telestyrelsen, it's telecommunications regulator.
Former regulator's tasks are divided among four institutions:
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1TDCGSM-900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR
3.890 Macquarie Group and Danish pension funds 23801
2Norlys
900/1800 GSM
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR

~1.9 Norlys a.m.b.a.23820
3Telenor
900/1800 GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR

1.691 Telenor23802
43900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
1.659 CK Hutchison Holdings, Investor AB 23806

Estonia

Estonia has 2.524 million subscribers in total, or a 188% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Telia
GSM-900/1800
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
700/3500 MHz - 5G NR
3G has been shut down in 2023
1.274 Telia Company24801
2Elisa
GSM-900/1800
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
700/3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.701 Elisa24802
3Tele2
GSM-900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2100 MHz LTE
700/3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.47 Tele224803

Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands have 61,388 subscribers, or a 126% penetration rate .
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Føroya TeleGSM-900
900/2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE
0.045 Government of Faroe Islands28801
2Nema
GSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE
0.013 Nema28802
3TosaGSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE
0.0 Tosa28803

Finland

Finland has 7.700 million subscribers in total, or a 144.59% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Elisa
GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR
3.171 Elisa24405
24406
24421
2DNAGSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz - 5G NR
2.840 Telenor24403
24404
24412
24413
24436
3Telia
GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR
2.434 Telia Company24420
24436
24491
4Ålcom
GSM-900 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
Not yet availableMariehamns Telefon, Ålands Telefonandelslag24414

France

France has 75.5 million subscribers in total, or a 115.2% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in France is ARCEP.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Orange
900/1800 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi,VoNR
27.500 Orange S.A.20801
2SFR900/1800 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
15.000 Altice, free float 20810
3Bouygues Telecom900 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
14.051 Bouygues Group 20820
4Free Mobile900 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi,VoNR
15.700 Iliad S.A.20815

Georgia

As of November 2024, Georgia has 5,623,128 subscribers in total.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Georgia is the Georgian National Communications Commission.

Germany

Germany has 114.1 million subscribers in total, or a 140% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Germany is the Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA).
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Telekom
900/1800 MHz GSM
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS
66.920 Deutsche Telekom AG26201
2O2

• Includes the previous E-Plus network.
900/1800 MHz GSM
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS
38.336 Telefónica S.A., free float 26203
3Vodafone Germany
900 MHz GSM
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi,VoNR, AML, RCS
29.036 Vodafone Group plc26202
41&12600 MHz LTE
3600 MHz 5G NR

VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
12.380 United Internet AG, free float, TGW Logistics Group, others 26223

Gibraltar

Gibraltar, the British overseas territory, has 0.028 million subscribers in total, or a 92.12% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1GibtelecomGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
0.022 Government of Gibraltar26601

Greece

In 2022, Greece had 11.326 million subscribers in total, or a 109% penetration rate. The regulatory authority for telecommunications in Greece is the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT).
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Cosmote900/1800 MHz GSM
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
7.373 OTE A.E.
20201, 20202
2Vodafone

• Includes the previous Cyta Hellas network.
900/1800 MHz GSM
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
4.107 Vodafone Group 20205, 20214
3Nova

• Includes the previous Q-Telecom network.
900/1800 MHz GSM
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
3.200 United Group B.V.20209, 20210

Guernsey

The British Crown dependency Guernsey has 0.055 million subscribers in total, or a 95% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1SureGSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
LTE
Not yet availableBatelco23455
2JTGSM-1800
2100 MHz UMTS
LTE
Not yet availableJT Group23450
3Airtel-VodafoneGSM-1800
2100 MHz UMTS
LTE
0.45Batelco23403

Hungary

Hungary has 11.8 million subscribers in total.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Hungary is NMHH – Nemzeti Média-, és Hírközlési Hatóság.

Iceland

Iceland has 0.470 million subscribers in total, or a 129.19% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Síminn
900/2100 MHz UMTS
700/1800/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3600 MHz 5G NR
0.173 Síminn27401
2Nova2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
1800 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz 5G NR
0.155 Nova27411
3Sýn
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE
0.130 Free float27402

Ireland

As the end of March 2022 Ireland had 8.117 million mobile subscribers in total, representing a 158.4% penetration rate.
If mobile broadband and M2M subscriptions are excluded, the total number of mobile subscribers was 5.414 million, representing a 105.6% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Ireland is the Commission for Communications Regulation.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Three
• Includes the previous O2 network
900/1800 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, eSIM
4.942 CK Hutchison Holdings27205, 27202
2Vodafone
900/1800 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC‑HSPA+ *
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS, AML, eSIM
  • 3G Network has been fully shutdown in 2024
2.122 Vodafone Group plc27201
3eir900/1800 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
1.560
1.164
Iliad, NJJ 27203

Isle of Man

The British Crown dependency Isle of Man has an unknown number of subscribers in total and an unknown percentage penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Manx TelecomGSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800 MHz LTE
Not yet available23458
2SureGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800 MHzLTE, LTE-A
Not yet availableBatelco23436

Italy

As of September 2025, Italy has 110.5 million active mobile SIMs in total. The country's telecom regulator is AGCOM.
In 2016 3 Italy and Wind agreed to complete a merger that was approved by European and national authorities, and since March 2020 all consumer and business offers are sold under the new brand Wind Tre.
A new operator, Iliad entered the Italian market in May 2018 as a consequence of this merger.
In 2024 Swisscom acquired Vodafone Italy from Vodafone Group with the aim of merging it with its subsidiary Fastweb.
The subscriber figures below refer to human SIMs and are approximate, derived from AGCOM's human-SIM totals and market shares.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Fastweb + Vodafone
900 MHz GSM
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3700/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
≈23.7
Swisscom222 10; 222 08
2TIM
900 MHz GSM
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3700/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
≈20.5
TIM Group222 01
3Wind Tre
900 MHz GSM, UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1800/2600/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
≈19.1
CK Hutchison Holdings222 88; 222 99
4IliadRoaming on Wind Tre 2G
900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A

700/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
AML, VoLTE
≈8.9 Iliad Group222 50

Jersey

The British Crown dependency Jersey.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1JTGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE
Not yet availableJT Group23450
2SureGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
LTE
Not yet availableBatelco23455
3Airtel-VodafoneGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
LTE
0.45Batelco23403

Kosovo

Kosovo has 1.88 million subscribers in total, or a 103.47% penetration rate. As of February 2023, Vala and Ipko have been awarded with 5G licenses and are currently under deployment.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1ValaGSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
800/3600 MHz 5G NR
51.95% Government of Kosovo22101
2IpkoGSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
800/3600 MHz 5G NR
36.07% Telekom Slovenije22102

Latvia

Latvia has 2.243 million subscribers in total, or a 99.72% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1LMTGSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1500/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE
1.451 Telia, Tet and Telia ), Latvian State Radio and Television Centre, Possessor 24701
2Tele2GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR
1.065 Tele224702
3BitėGSM-900 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.554 Providence Equity Partners24705
4Triatel450 MHz CDMA200024703
5XomobileInternational mobile network based in Latvia24709

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein has 0.039 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1
GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
not availableState-owned29505
27acht
GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
not availableSalt Mobile29502
3Swisscom FLGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
VoLTE
not availableSwisscom29501

The Liechtenstein mobile phone system is attached to Switzerland, and customers of these three providers can roam on Swiss networks without additional fees.

Lithuania

Lithuania has 4.49 million subscribers in total, or a 161% penetration rate.
Each of the three largest network operators have flanker brands – Pildyk, Ežys and Labas.
The regulator is Ryšių Reguliavimo Tarnyba.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Tele2
GSM-900/1800 MHz
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWIFI
700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR
1.94 Tele224603
2Telia Lietuva
GSM-900/1800 MHz
700/800/900/1500*/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWIFI
700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR
1.71 Telia Company24601
3Bitė
• includes the previous Mezon network.
GSM-900/1800 MHz
700/800/900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWIFI
2300 MHz TDD, 2600 MHz TDD - 5G NR
1.19 Providence Equity Partners24602
24608
• includes the previous Mezon network.

Luxembourg

Luxembourg has 719,000 subscribers in total, or a 148% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1OrangeGSM-1800
2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.225 Orange Belgium27099
2TangoGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.295 Proximus Group27077
3POSTGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.250 POST Luxembourg27001
4Luxembourg Online2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPANot yet availableLuxembourg Online27005

Malta

Malta has 0.702 million subscribers in total, or a 130.19% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Epic
GSM 900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.341 Monaco Telecom27801
2GO
GSM 900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.279 Tunisie Telecom, public 27821
3Melita2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR
0.173 EQT AB
27877

Moldova

Moldova has 4.263 million subscribers in total, or a 120% penetration rate.
The country's telecommunications regulator is ANRCETI.

Monaco

Monaco has 0.023 million subscribers on the Monaco Telecom network, or a 70.1% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Monaco Telecom900/2100 MHz UMTS
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
0.021NJJ 55%, Société Nationale de Financement 45%21210

Montenegro

Montenegro has 1,097,574 subscribers in total, or a 177.02% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Montenegro is.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribersOwnershipMCC / MNC
1M:TELGSM 900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE
700/3600 MHz 5G NR
42% 51% Telekom Srbija, 49% Telekom Srpske29703
2Crnogorski TelekomGSM 900/1800 MHz
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
35% Hrvatski Telekom, free float 29702
3One MontenegroGSM 900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
700/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR
23% 4iG29701

Netherlands

The Netherlands has 22.12 million subscribers in total, or a 125.7% penetration rate.
The regulatory authorities for telecommunication in the Netherlands are the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets and the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Odido

• Includes the previous Tele2 and Orange networks.
900/2100* MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+**
  • Only active on sites without low-band antennas.
  • *3G to be discontinued from 1 August 2026
800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
  • **detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website
7.3 WP/AP Telecom Holdings IV B.V. 20416 and 20402
2KPN
• Includes the previous Telfort network.
900* MHz GSM
800/900/1500/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
450 MHz CDMA
  • *detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website
6.1 Koninklijke KPN20408
3Vodafone 900/1800* MHz GSM
  • Only active on sites without low-band antennas.
800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/1800**/3500 MHz 5G NR
  • *using Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)
  • **detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website
5.605 VodafoneZiggo20404

North Macedonia

North Macedonia has 2.299 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in North Macedonia is AEC.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Telekom
GSM-900 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE,
700/3600 MHz 5G NR
1.211 Magyar Telekom 29401
2A1
GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE,
700/3600 MHz 5G NR
1.084 A1 Group29403

Norway

Norway has 5.730 million subscribers in total, or a 108.97% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Norway is the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1TelenorGSM-900/1800 MHz

3G discontinued in January 2021
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
2.561 Telenor
Government of Norway
24201
2Telia

• Includes the previous Tele2 network.
2G discontinued in December 2025
3G discontinued in November 2021
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
1.856 Telia Company24202
3Ice
2G discontinued in May 2025
700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE

VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
0.934 Lyse AS24214, 24206

Poland

Poland has 58.6 million subscribers in total.
The country's telecom regulator is UKE.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Orange
GSM 900 MHz
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
19.393 Orange S.A., free float 26003
2T-Mobile
GSM 900 MHz
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
13.640 Deutsche Telekom AG26002
3PlayE-GSM/GSM 900/1800 MHz
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
13.500 Iliad S.A.26006
4Plus
GSM 900/1800 MHz
UMTS 900/2100 MHz
420/900/1800/2100/2600/2600TDD MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/2600 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
13.280 Grupa Polsat Plus26001

Portugal

Portugal has 17.6 million subscribers in total, or a 170.5% penetration rate .
The country's telecom regulator is ANACOM.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1NOS
GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
6.118 NOS26803
2MEO
GSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3600 MHz 5G NR
5.698 Altice26806
3Vodafone
GSM-900
900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz 5G NR
4.666 Vodafone Group plc26801
4DIGI
900/1800/2600/3500 0.789 Digi Communications N.V.26802

Romania

Romania has 22.8 million active subscribers in total, or a 104% penetration rate.
The country's telcom regulator is ANCOM.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1OrangeGSM-900/1800
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G
9.2 Orange S.A.22610
2DigiGSM-900
800/900/2100/2600 FDD/2600 TDD
LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi
2600FDD/ 2600TDD/3500 MHz 5G
7.2 Digi Communications N.V.22605
3VodafoneGSM-900/1800
700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz
LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G
6.3 Vodafone Group plc22601
4TelekomGSM-900/1800
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz
LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100 MHz 5G
3.4 of which
-1.98
-1.45


Vodafone Group plc and Digi Communications N.V.
22603

Russia

The country's telecom regulator is Roskomnadzor (RKN).

San Marino

San Marino has 0.037 million subscribers in total, or a 116.95% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1TIM San MarinoGSM-900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
TIM22201
2Telefonia Mobile SammarineseGSM-900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
0.019 Telecom Italia San Marino 22201
3PrimaGSM-900/1800
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
San Marino Telecom29201

Serbia

Serbia has 9.1987 million subscribers based on the three-month customer activity, or a 128.09% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1MTS900 MHz - GSM
900/2100 MHz - 3G
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz - LTE
700/3600 MHz - 5G NR
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM, Multi-SIM
38% Telekom Srbija22003
2Yettel
900 MHz - GSM
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz - LTE
700/3600 MHz - 5G NR Yettel will shutdown 3G network in Q1 2026 & 2G in Q3-Q4 2026 VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM, Multi-SIM
37% e& PPF Telecom Group22001
3A1
900 MHz - GSM
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz - LTE
700/3600 MHz - 5G NR
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM, Multi-SIM
25% A1 Group22005

Slovakia

Slovakia has 7.68 million subscribers in total, or a 132.79% penetration rate. All facts are based on the three-month customer activity base.
The regulatory authority for electronic communications "telecommunication" in Slovakia is Úrad pre reguláciu elektronických komunikácií a poštových služieb.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Orange
900 MHz GSM
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro 700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
2.392 Orange S.A.23101, 23105
2O2
900 MHz GSM

900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1800/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
2.343 e& PPF Telecom Group23106
3Telekom
900 MHz GSM
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
2600 MHz TD-LTE
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
2.211 Deutsche Telekom AG23102, 23104
44ka 1800 MHz GSM
SWAN23103

Slovenia

Slovenia has 2,791,486 subscribers in total, or a 131% penetration rate.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Telekom Slovenije
GSM 900/1800
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/2600/3600 MHz 5G NR
1.036
Including Spar Mobil, Mega M, Novatel MOBIL, SoftNet mobil
Telekom Slovenije29341
2A1
GSM 900/1800
800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
0.855
Including bob, Hotmobil, re:do
A1 Group29340
3Telemach
GSM 900/1800
900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2300 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3600 MHz 5G NR
0.712 United Group29370
4T-22100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
2100 MHz LTE
2300 MHz 5G NR
0.189
Garnol
29364

Spain

Spain has 61.424 million subscribers in total, or a 123.80% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Spain is CNMC.
Note: The number of subscribers of each operator includes the subscribers of the main brand and the rest of its brands and subsidiaries.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1MásOrange
•Includes the previous Yoigo network.
900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, VoNR
25.640 Orange S.A.21403
21404
2Movistar
900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, VoNR, ViLTE
16.379 Telefónica S.A.21407
3Vodafone
900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
11.743 Zegona Communications Plc.21401
4DIGI1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3500 MHz 5G NR

VoLTE, VoWiFi
6.6 Digi Communications N.V.21422

Sweden

Sweden has 14.3 million subscribers in total, approximately 140% penetration rate. The country's telcom regulator is Swedish Post and Telecom Authority.
There are four main network operators, and they share various 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G network infrastructure through co-ownership in separate network companies. Tele2 and Telenor share network infrastructure through their company Net4Mobility. Telia and Tele2 share network infrastructure through UMTS Nät AB. Tre and Telenor share network infrastructure through 3GIS.
Sweden also has a number of flanker brands and virtual operators, most notable are Halebop, Comviq, Fello, Hallon, Vimla, Mybeat, Tellusmobil and Chilimobil.
Some of world's largest producers of mobile network equipment have strong ties to Sweden. Ericsson is based in Sweden while Nokia, Siemens, Huawei and ZTE have major research centers in the country, often clustered around Kista and Lund.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1TeliaGSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2600 MHz
LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
3.880 Telia Company24001
2Telenor
GSM-900/1800 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3500 MHz 5G NR
3.043 Telenor24008
3Tele2
GSM-900/1800 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3500 MHz 5G NR
2.165 Tele2 AB 24007
4Tre900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/2100/2600 MHz FD-LTE, 2600 MHz TD-LTE, LTE-A
2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
1.940 CK Hutchison Holdings, Investor AB 24002

Switzerland

Switzerland has 11.365 million mobile subscribers and a 138% penetration rate.
The country's telecom regulator is BAKOM.
RankOperatorTechnologyPostpaid Subscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Swisscom900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/900/1500 /1800/2100/2600 MHz
LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, VoNR
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
5.556 Partially state-owned, free float 22801
2Sunrise
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
900/3500 MHz 5G NR
2.806 Free float 22802
3Salt 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR
1.800 NJJ22803

Türkiye

Turkey has 94.5 million subscribers in total, or a 110.7% penetration rate.
The telecom regulator in Turkey is Information and Communication Technologies Authority.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
Ownership
1TurkcellGSM 900 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
700 Mhz FDD / 3.5 GHz TDD 5G
38.3 Turkey Wealth Fund, LetterOne, free float
2Türk Telekom
GSM 900 /1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
700 Mhz FDD / 3.5 GHz TDD 5G
27.9 Türk Telekom
, Ministry of Treasury and Finance (Turkey), free float )
3Vodafone Turkey
GSM 900 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
700 Mhz FDD / 3.5 GHz TDD 5G
25.461 Vodafone Group plc

Ukraine

The country's telecom regulator is NKRZI.
Due to the Russo-Ukrainian war, roaming on other operator's networks is free and includes voice calls, SMS and mobile 2G / 3G Internet at speeds up to 512 kbit/s.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Kyivstar
900/1800 MHz GSM
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE
23.4 VEON
, The Stichting, Lingotto Investment Management LLP, Shah Capital Management Inc.
25503
2Vodafone
900/1800 MHz GSM
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
15.9 Bakcell25501
3lifecell
900/1800 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, VoWi-Fi
9.8 DVL Telecom 25506

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has 92 million subscribers in total, or an approximate 139% penetration rate.
The country's telecom regulator is Ofcom.
RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
OwnershipMCC / MNC
1Vodafone900 MHz GSM
800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
900/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
28.8
VodafoneThree
23415
1Three700/800/1500/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS
28.8
VodafoneThree
23420
2O2900 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2300/2600 MHz TD-LTE
700/900/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS
22.8
Virgin Media O2
23410
3EE1800 MHz GSM
700/800/1800/2100/2600/5200 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS
21.2 BT Group23430