List of asteroid close approaches to Earth

This is a list of examples where an asteroid or meteoroid travels close to the Earth. Some of these objects are regarded as potentially hazardous objects if they are estimated to be large enough to cause regional devastation. This list also gives an overview of more detailed lists dedicated to specific years, such as List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2025.
Near-Earth object detection technology began to improve around 1998, so objects being detected as of 2004 could have been missed only a decade earlier due to a lack of dedicated near-Earth astronomical surveys. As sky surveys improve, smaller and smaller asteroids are regularly being discovered. As smaller asteroids are more numerous, ever more close approaches are detected within a given distance. In 2014, scientists estimated that several dozen asteroids in the size range fly by Earth at a distance closer than the Moon every year, but only a fraction of these are actually detected.

Definitions

The lists below are based on the close approach database of the Object Studies, in its state as of 2025. The database lists any approaches with a minimum distance less than 0.2 astronomical units from 1900 and until a century into the future which have been derived by orbit calculations. This includes some close approaches a full orbit or more before or after the object has been observed.
The distance calculated for an approach has an uncertainty, the magnitude of which depends on the amount, length in time and quality of observations used, the extrapolation time from the observations, and perturbations by other objects along the predicted orbit. The uncertainty is usually characterised by the 3-sigma uncertainty region, which is the nominal close approach distance plus or minus three times the standard deviation, and includes 99.7% of the probability distribution. For predicted close approaches in the future, if Earth is near the uncertainty region or intersects it, an impact risk is calculated. Confirmed impacts, however, aren't considered close approaches and are excluded from the CNEOS close approach database. Asteroids whose detection in space led to predicted impacts on Earth are listed separately, as are the hundreds of other objects that collided with Earth's atmosphere which were not discovered in advance but were observed visually or recorded by sensors designed to detect detonation of nuclear devices. The CNEOS list also does not include Earth-grazers, objects that enter Earth's atmosphere at a very shallow angle and leave it again without burning up completely, but they are listed separately below. Although Earth's atmosphere thins out continuously with distance from Earth's surface, the nominal limit of space is the Kármán line, which is above sea level.

Timeline of closest approaches ever observed

The list below shows all approaches by potentially hazardous objects without atmospheric contact which have been the closest ever observed at some point in time, from the discovery of the first such object to the record holder, as of 2025.

Close approaches within one lunar distance

The average distance to the Moon is, which is around 30 times the diameter of the Earth. The lists in this section are of close approaches in less than one LD.

Time of discovery

The bar graphs below show the time of discovery relative to the time of the closest approach for each year. The asteroids are listed in separate list articles for each year. The statistics below only include close approaches that are evidenced by observations, thus the pre-discovery close approaches are only included if the object was found by precovery.

Closest per year

From the annual lists summarized in the preceding section, these are the closest known asteroids per year that approach Earth within one lunar distance. More than one asteroid per year may be listed if its geocentric distance
The CNEOS database of close approaches lists some close approaches a full orbit or more before or after the discovery of the object, derived by orbit calculation. Until 2001 and in future years, all of these close approaches are included in the list below, but from the start of regular discoveries each year in 2001 until the current year, the list is limited to close approaches that are evidenced by observations, thus any of these pre-discovery close approaches are only included if the object was found by precovery.
Rows highlighted red indicate objects which were not discovered until after closest approach
Rows highlighted yellow indicate objects discovered less than 24 hours before closest approach
Rows left white indicate objects discovered 1–7 days before closest approach
Rows highlighted green indicate objects discovered more than one week before closest approach
Rows highlighted blue indicate objects discovered more than one year before closest approach, i.e. objects successfully cataloged on a previous orbit, rather than being detected during final approach.

Year	Date of closest approach	Date discovered	Object	Nominal geocentric distance	Nominal geocentric distance	Size of object		Ref
2095	2095-09-06	2010-09-05		51.9	0.135	5.5–12	28.4
2032	2032-08-14	2008-02-18		127.4	0.332	18–41	25.8
2029	2029-04-13	2004-06-19	99942 Apophis	38.0	0.096	340 ±40	19.1
2028	2028-06-26	2001-11-20		248.7	0.647	932 ±11	18.3
2025	2025-10-30	2025-10-30		6.6	0.017	0.41–0.93	34.06
2024	2024-12-01	2024-12-01		7.7	0.020	1.2–2.8	31.6
2023	2023-01-27	2023-01-21		10.0	0.026	3.1–6.9	29.7
2022	2022-03-25	2022-03-24		14.8	0.039	1.6–3.7	31.1
2021	2021-10-25	2021-10-25		9.4	0.025	1.1–2.5	31.8
2020	2020-11-13	2020-11-14		6.7	0.018	5.0–11	28.6
2019	2019-10-31	2019-10-31		12.6	0.033	1.1–2.4	32.0
2018	2018-10-19	2018-10-19		13.7	0.036	2.4–5.4	30.2
2017	2017-04-04	2017-04-03		16.3	0.042	2.8–6.2	29.9
2016	2016-02-25	2016-02-26		14.3	0.037	2.1–4.7	30.5
2015	2015-09-22	2015-09-24		26.6	0.069	4.4–9.9	28.9
2014	2014-06-03	2014-06-02		20.0	0.052	4.0–9.0	29.1
2013	2013-12-23	2013-12-23		27.3	0.071	1.4–3.1	31.4
2013	2013-02-15	2012-02-23	367943 Duende*	34.1	0.089	39–86	24.2
2012	2012-05-29	2012-05-28		20.8	0.054	4.2–9.4	29.0
2011	2011-02-04	2011-02-04		11.9	0.031	1.0–2.3	32.1
2010	2010-11-17	2010-11-16		38.9	0.101	2.7–5.9	30.0
2009	2009-11-06	2009-11-06		20.5	0.053	5.1–11	28.6
2008	2008-10-09	2008-10-09		12.6	0.033	0.6-1.4	33.2
2007	2007-10-17	2007-10-21		69.7	0.181	4.8–11	28.7
2006	2006-02-23	2006-02-22		117.5	0.306	13–30	26.5
2005	2005-11-26	2005-11-25		83.8	0.218	2.8–6.2	29.9
2004	2004-03-31	2004-03-31		12.9	0.034	3.4–7.6	29.5
2003	2003-09-27	2003-09-28		84.2	0.22	2.5–5.7	30.1
2002	2002-12-11	2002-12-13		117.7	0.31	23–52	25.3
2001	2001-11-08	2017		120.2	0.31	200–440	20.6
2001	2001-01-15	2001-01-19		306.2	0.80	17–38	26.0
1999	1999-03-12	2013		313.3	0.82	4.2–9.4	29.0
1994	1994-12-09	1994-12-09		105.3	0.27	6.1–14	28.2
1993	1993-05-20	1993-05-21		149.2	0.39	4.2–9.4	29.0
1992	1992-09-12	2024		62.6	0.16	0.89–2.0	32.4
1991	1991-01-18	1991-01-18		168.2	0.44	5.1–11	28.6
1990	1990-09-19	2003		205.9	0.54	4.0–9.0	29.1
1988	1988-10-15	2010		367.3	0.96	12–26	26.8
1987	1987-08-25	2024		384.3	1.00	9.0–20	27.4
1985	1985-11-01	2019		253.7	0.66	3.1–6.9	29.7
1984	1984-01-10	2016		294.8	0.77	16–36	26.1
1982	1982-11-04	2012		314.3	0.82	150–330	21.3
1980	1980-10-15	2018		173.3	0.45	32–71	24.6
1979	1979-09-02	2014		334.6	0.87	3.2–7.1	29.6
1977	1977-09-05	2022		128.7	0.33	31–68	24.7
1976	1976-10-17	2013		328.2	0.85	81–180	22.6
1975	1975-07-01	2021		117.9	0.31	9.7–22	27.2
1972	1972-03-17	2021		91.7	0.24	2.3–5.2	30.3
1971	1971-03-19	2024		135.5	0.35	34–77	24.4
1970	1970-02-26	2019		361.3	0.94	20–45	25.6
1968	1968-04-23	2008		91.7	0.24	33–75	24.5
1965	1965-10-27	2005		340.9	0.89	14–30	26.4
1964	1964-11-07	2023		253.6	0.66	6.7–15	28.0
1961	1961-05-31	2022		353.4	0.92	6.1–14	28.2
1960	1960-10-24	2004		184.1	0.48	6.4–14	28.1
1959	1959-01-27	2012		204.2	0.53	8.0–18	27.6
1958	1958-10-29	2024		182.8	0.48	3.5–7.9	29.4
1957	1957-12-10	2010		60.8	0.16	28–62	24.9
1955	1955-06-19	2015		226.7	0.59	13–28	26.6
1954	1954-03-13	2013		103.5	0.27	1.6–3.6	31.1
1953	1953-04-10	2019		202.6	0.53	19–43	31.1
1952	1952-10-23	2009		260.1	0.68	31–68	31.1
1949	1949-01-01	2003		258.6	0.67	4.0–9.0	29.1
1948	1948-01-24	2017		378.8	0.99	6.7–15	28.0
1944	1944-08-12	2022		227.7	0.59	2.7–6.1	29.9
1942	1942-09-11	2023		330.3	0.86	4.2–9.3	29.0
1941	1941-01-10	2014		141.3	0.37	8.4–19	27.5
1940	1940-09-16	2007		251.1	0.65	24–54	25.2
1938	1938-11-14	2023		82.2	0.27	4.3–9.7	28.9
1936	1936-01-06	2010		212.6	0.55	58–130	23.3
1935	1935-03-08	2015		184.1	0.48	22–49	25.4
1933	1933-10-22	2015		253.2	0.66	7.3–16	27.8
1931	1931-10-01	2022		334.3	0.87	5.8–13	28.3
1928	1928-03-20	2024		179.6	0.47	8.6–19	27.4
1926	1926-02-06	2023		149.6	0.39	15–34	26.2
1925	1925-03-29	2002		39.3	0.10	460 ±17	18.6
1923	1923-06-26	2021		368.9	0.96	140–320	27.5
1922	1922-06-07	2017		51.8	0.13	8.4–19	27.5
1920	1920-06-21	2023		271.0	0.71	18–40	27.5
1919	1919-04-02	2024		112.2	0.29	1.7–3.8	31.0
1918	1918-09-17	2011		350.0	0.91	730–1600	17.8
1914	1914-12-31	1998		233.2	0.61	330–740	19.4
1910	1910-05-09	2007		174.9	0.45	22–49	25.4

*367943 Duende is listed for 2013 although it was only the second-closest that year for notability: it is the largest asteroid that was observed while it approached within the radius of the geostationary orbit, it was also predicted nearly a year in advance, and coincidentally approached just a few hours after the unrelated Chelyabinsk meteor, which was unpredicted, but injured thousands of people when it impacted.

Largest per year

From the lists in the first section, these are the largest known asteroids per year that approach Earth within one LD. For comparison, the 1908 Tunguska event was caused by an object about in size, while the 2013 Chelyabinsk meteor, which injured thousands of people and damaged buildings when it generated a large airburst over Russia, was estimated to be just across.
The CNEOS database of close approaches lists some close approaches a full orbit or more before or after the discovery of the object, derived by orbit calculation. For years when the largest of the objects that had an undetected close approach within 1 LD was larger than the largest of the objects that were detected in real time or in precovery, both objects are listed. If there were only undetected close approaches in a year, only objects larger than are shown.

Year	Date of closest approach	Object	Nominal geocentric distance	Nominal geocentric distance	Est. size		Ref
2029	2029-04-13	99942 Apophis	38.0	0.099		19.1
2028	2028-06-26		248.7	0.647		18.3
2025	2025-02-04		291.5	0.758		25.6
2024	2024-06-29		295.4	0.769		22.0
2023	2023-03-25		174.6	0.454		24.3
2022	2022-07-10		384.0	0.999		25.9
2021	2021-09-16		245.0	0.637		24.0
2020	2020-07-25		306.4	0.797		22.4
2019	2019-07-25		71.4	0.191		23.3
2018	2018-01-03		297.0	0.772		22.7
2017	2017-07-21		62.6	0.163		24.3
2016	2016-03-21		86.6	0.225		25.1
2015	2015-01-18		285.8	0.743		26.1
2014	2014-03-30		167.7	0.436		25.4
2013	2013-01-15	367943 Duende	34.1	0.089		24.2
2012	2012-04-01		230.4	0.599		24.3
2011	2011-11-08		324.9	0.845		21.9
2010	2010-11-02		286.4	0.745		25.4
2009	2009-03-02		72.2	0.188		25.8
2008	2008-02-15		371.2	0.97		24.9
2007	2007-01-18		324.1	0.84		25.4
2006	2006-02-23		117.5	0.31		26.5
2005	2005-12-05		217.2	0.57		25.7
2004	2001-04-18		120.2	0.31		24.3
2004	2004-03-18		238.7	0.62		26.1
2003	2003-12-06		148.2	0.39		26.4
2002	2002-06-14		120.0	0.31		23.7
2001	2001-11-08		120.2	0.31		20.6
2001	2001-01-15		306.2	0.80		26.0
1994	1994-12-09		105.3	0.27		28.2
1993	1993-05-20		149.2	0.39		29.0
1991	1991-04-08		329.7	0.86		23.3
1991	1991-01-18		168.2	0.44		28.6
1982	1982-11-04		314.3	0.82		21.3
1980	1980-10-15		173.3	0.45		24.6
1977	1977-09-05		128.7	0.33		24.7
1976	1976-10-17		328.1	0.85		22.6
1971	1971-04-11		263.6	0.69		21.4
1970	1970-02-26		361.3	0.94		25.6
1968	1968-04-23		91.7	0.24		24.5
1957	1957-02-02		75.3	0.20		20.0
1953	1953-04-10		202.6	0.53		25.7
1952	1952-10-23		260.1	0.68		24.7
1940	1940-09-16		251.1	0.65		25.2
1936	1936-01-06		212.6	0.55		23.3
1935	1935-03-08		184.1	0.48		25.4
1925	1925-08-30		347.0	0.90		18.6
1923	1923-06-26		368.9	0.96		27.5
1920	1920-06-21		271.0	0.71		27.5
1918	1918-09-17		350.0	0.91		17.8
1914	1914-12-31		233.2	0.61		19.5

The year 2011 was notable as two asteroids with size or more approached within one lunar distance.

Extremes in relative speed

The average near-Earth asteroid, such as, passes Earth at 18 km/s. The average short-period comet passes Earth at 30 km/s, and the average long-period comet passes Earth at 53 km/s. A retrograde parabolic Oort cloud comet could pass Earth at 72 km/s when 1 AU from the Sun.

Date of closest approach	Object	Earth distance	Sun distance	Velocity wrt Earth	Velocity wrt Sun	Approx. size		References
2025-01-23		0.83	0.984	22.1	36.5	3.7–8.3	29.3
2024-02-11		0.28	0.987	24.0	34.3	7.7–17	27.7
2023-10-20		0.99	0.996	21.9	33.7	18–39	25.9
2022-12-23		0.55	0.983	29.8	38.1	4.8–11	28.7
2021-10-27		0.33	0.994	27.7	37.0	4.7–11	28.8
2020-03-14		0.85	0.995	33.4	38.6	19–43	25.7
2019-03-28		0.27	0.998	25.9	37.1	20–45	25.6
2018-04-15		0.50	1.003	29.6	35.9	46–100	23.8
2017-08-14		0.16	1.013	24.0	33.4	37–83	24.3
2016-03-08		0.40	0.993	25.6	36.6	5.4–12	28.5
2015-03-12		0.29	0.994	23.8	37.5	2.4–5.4	30.2

The slowest passing speeds during close approaches are dominated by the perigees of asteroids captured by Earth as temporary satellites. This list includes close approaches that weren't observed, but the orbit was calculated with high precision.

Date of closest approach	Object	Earth distance	Sun distance	Velocity wrt Earth	Velocity wrt Sun	Approx. size		Notes	References
2007-03-25		0.92	0.997	1.37	31.1	3.3–7.5	29.5	temporary satellite perigee
2018-10-26		0.84	0.994	1.45	31.3	1.2–2.7	31.7	temporary satellite perigee; undetected
2019-09-10		0.79	1.007	1.47	28.2	1.2–2.7	31.7	temporary satellite perigee; undetected
2018-08-09		0.79	1.013	1.48	30.7	1.2–2.7	31.7	temporary satellite perigee; undetected
2019-11-18		0.75	0.989	1.54	29.8	1.2–2.7	31.7	temporary satellite perigee; undetected
2019-06-30		0.72	1.018	1.56	28.1	1.2–2.7	31.7	temporary satellite perigee; undetected
2007-06-14		0.72	1.015	1.57	30.3	3.3–7.5	29.5	temporary satellite perigee
2014-12-07		0.98	0.985	1.67	30.6	3.2–7.1	29.6
2017-12-06		0.65	0.986	1.67	28.7	1.2–2.7	31.7	temporary satellite perigee; undetected
2018-02-19		0.58	0.989	1.77	29.5	1.2–2.7	31.7	temporary satellite perigee; undetected
1979-09-02		0.87	1.008	1.79	29.4	3.2–7.1	29.6	undetected
2020-05-09		0.71	1.009	1.81	30.5	2.2–4.9	30.4	precovery
2017-09-18		0.52	1.000	1.89	27.9	1.2–2.7	31.7	temporary satellite perigee; undetected
2011-06-02		0.90	1.015	1.91	30.1	6.4–14	28.1

Closest approaches by size

Below are lists of the closest approaches in different size ranges, the limits of which correspond to with size limits commonly considered in impact hazard scenarios. The list includes close approaches an orbital period or more before or after the closest observations in time which were derived by orbit calculation.
The diameter of most asteroids has not been measured directly, and can only be estimated from their brightness and assumed surface reflectivity or albedo. While the measured albedo of asteroids can be as low as 6% and as high as 20%, the default estimated size for asteroids in the CNEOS databases is calculated for an albedo of 14%, which is also used for the size range limits below. For objects with uncertain albedo, the CNEOS close approach database provides a possible size range, which is shown in all the lists on this page. In case other, more precise size estimates are available from other sources, the tables below show those, too, but asteroids are sorted according to the size resp. absolute magnitude in the CNEOS database.

Closest with an estimated diameter under 7 m (H > 28.5)

If an asteroid less than across impacts the Earth, it will produce spectacular but mostly harmless fireballs and meteorite falls. All of the asteroids that were destroyed in predicted impacts on Earth up to 2024 were in this size range. The list below shows all close approaches within from the centre of the Earth.

Closest with an estimated diameter between 7 m and 20 m (28.5 ≥ H > 26.25)

If an asteroid at the bottom of this size range, one across, has average asteroid density and impacts the Earth at average meteor speed, its impact energy is about 15 kilotons TNT equivalent, or roughly equivalent to the blast energy of the Hiroshima bomb. The list below shows all close approaches of objects in the range between 7 and 20 metres across within the radius of the geostationary orbit or from the centre of the Earth.

Closest with an estimated diameter between 20 m and 50 m (26.25 ≥ H > 24.25)

The bottom of this size range, corresponds to the average size of an asteroid with the smallest impact energy considered for impact hazard ratings on the Torino scale. is also about the size of the Chelyabinsk meteor, which produced a meteor ending in an airburst briefly brighter than the Sun that injured over a thousand people and damaged thousands of buildings. The list below shows all close approaches within from the centre of the Earth.

Closest with an estimated diameter between 50 m and 140 m (24.25 ≥ H > 22.00)

NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office considers objects with a diameter of at least capable of destroying a concentrated urban area if they impact Earth. The asteroid causing the Tunguska event is estimated at in diameter. The list below shows all close approaches within from the centre of the Earth.

Closest with an estimated diameter between 140 m and 1 km (22.0 ≥ H > 17.75)

In 2005, the United States Congress gave NASA an updated mandate to detect 90% of NEOs with diameters of or greater. NASA's PDCO considers objects with a diameter of at least capable of creating an impact crater at least across and causing regional devastation if they impact Earth. The list below shows all close approaches within from the centre of the Earth.

Closest with an estimated diameter above 1 km (17.75 ≥ H)

The original mandate to NASA given by the United States Congress in 1998 was to detect 90% of near-Earth asteroids over diameter by 2008. NASA's PDCO considers objects with a diameter of at least capable of creating an impact crater at least across and causing global devastation if they impact Earth. The list below shows all close approaches within from the centre of the Earth.

Predicted encounters

Incomplete list of asteroids larger than about predicted to pass close to Earth :
A list of predicted NEO approaches at larger distances is maintained as a database by the NASA Near Earth Object Program.

* Only the nominal orbit shows a passage this close. The uncertainty region is still somewhat large due to a short observation arc.

Earth-grazers

Objects which enter and then leave Earth's atmosphere, the so-called Earth-grazers, are a distinct phenomenon, inasmuch as entering the lower atmosphere can constitute an impact event rather than a close pass. Earth-grazer can also be short for a body that "grazes" the orbit of the Earth, in a different context.