List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software
This article lists libraries, applications, and other software which enable or support arbitrary-precision arithmetic.
Libraries
Stand-alone application software
Software that supports arbitrary precision computations:- bc the POSIX arbitrary-precision arithmetic language that comes standard on most Unix-like systems.
- *dc: "Desktop Calculator" arbitrary-precision RPN calculator that comes standard on most Unix-like systems.
- KCalc, Linux based scientific calculator
- Maxima: a computer algebra system which bignum integers are directly inherited from its implementation language Common Lisp. In addition, it supports arbitrary-precision floating-point numbers, bigfloats.
- Maple, Mathematica, and several other computer algebra software include arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Mathematica employs GMP for approximate number computation.
- PARI/GP, an open source computer algebra system that supports arbitrary precision.
- Qalculate!, an open-source free software arbitrary precision calculator with autocomplete.
- SageMath, an open-source computer algebra system
- SymPy, a CAS
- Symbolic Math toolbox
- Windows Calculator, since Windows 98, uses arbitrary precision for basic operations and 32 digits of precision for advanced operations.
- , a free programming language with integrated development environment for mathematical calculations. Variables of BigNumber type can be used, or regular numbers can be converted to big numbers using conversion operator #. SmartXML big numbers can have up to 100,000,000 decimal digits and up to 100,000,000 whole digits.
Languages
Programming languages that support arbitrary precision computations, either built-in, or in the standard library of the language:- Ada: the upcoming Ada 202x revision adds the and packages to the standard library, providing arbitrary precision integers and real numbers.
- Agda: the
BigIntdatatype on backend implements arbitrary-precision arithmetic. - Common Lisp: The ANSI Common Lisp standard supports arbitrary precision integer, ratio, and complex numbers.
- C#:, from .NET 5
- ColdFusion: the built-in
PrecisionEvaluatefunction evaluates one or more string expressions, dynamically, from left to right, using BigDecimal precision arithmetic to calculate the values of arbitrary precision arithmetic expressions. - D: standard library module
- Dart: the built-in
intdatatype implements arbitrary-precision arithmetic. - Emacs Lisp: supports integers of arbitrary size, starting with Emacs 27.1.
- Erlang: the built-in
Integerdatatype implements arbitrary-precision arithmetic. - Go: the standard library package implements arbitrary-precision integers, rational numbers, and floating-point numbers
- Guile: the built-in
exactnumbers are of arbitrary precision. Example:produces the expected result. Exact numbers also include rationals, soproduces3/4. One of the languages implemented in Guile is Scheme. - Haskell: the built-in
Integerdatatype implements arbitrary-precision arithmetic and the standardData.Ratiomodule implements rational numbers. - Idris: the built-in
Integerdatatype implements arbitrary-precision arithmetic. - ISLISP: The ISO/IEC 13816:1997 ISLISP standard supports arbitrary precision integer numbers.
- J: built-in extended precision
- Java: Class, Class
- JavaScript: as of ES2020, BigInt is supported in most browsers; the library provides an interface to
java.math.BigDecimal, and libraries such as, and support arbitrary-precision integers. - Julia: the built-in and
BigInttypes provide arbitrary-precision floating point and integer arithmetic respectively. - newRPL: integers and floats can be of arbitrary precision ; maximum number of digits configurable
- Nim: and multiple .
- OCaml: The library supports arbitrary-precision integers and rationals.
- OpenLisp: supports arbitrary precision integer numbers.
- Perl: The and pragmas provide BigNum and BigRational support for Perl.
- PHP: The module provides arbitrary precision mathematics.
- PicoLisp: supports arbitrary precision integers.
- Pike: the built-in
inttype will silently change from machine-native integer to arbitrary precision as soon as the value exceeds the former's capacity. - Prolog: ISO standard compatible Prolog systems can check the Prolog flag "bounded". Most of the major Prolog systems support arbitrary precision integer numbers.
- Python: the built-in
int/longinteger type is of arbitrary precision. TheDecimalclass in the standard library module decimal has user definable precision and limited mathematical operations. TheFractionclass in the module fractions implements rational numbers. More extensive arbitrary precision floating point arithmetic is available with the third-party "mpmath" and "bigfloat" packages. - Racket: the built-in
exactnumbers are of arbitrary precision. Example:produces the expected result. Exact numbers also include rationals, soproduces3/4. Arbitrary precision floating point numbers are included in the standard library module. - Raku: Rakudo supports and data types that promote to arbitrary-precision integers and rationals.
- Rexx: variants including Open Object Rexx and NetRexx
- RPL : calculator treats numbers entered without decimal point as integers rather than floats; integers are of arbitrary precision only limited by the available memory.
- Ruby: the built-in
Bignuminteger type is of arbitrary precision. TheBigDecimalclass in the standard library module bigdecimal has user definable precision. - Scheme: R5RS encourages, and R6RS requires, that exact integers and exact rationals be of arbitrary precision.
- Scala: and .
- Seed7: and .
- Self: arbitrary precision integers are supported by the built-in
bigInttype. - Smalltalk: variants including Squeak, Smalltalk/X, GNU Smalltalk, Dolphin Smalltalk, etc.
- , a free programming language with integrated development environment for mathematical calculations. Variables of
BigNumbertype can be used, or regular numbers can be converted to big numbers using conversion operator#. SmartXML big numbers can have up to 100,000,000 decimal digits and up to 100,000,000 whole digits. - Standard ML: The optional built-in structure implements the INTEGER signature and supports arbitrary-precision integers.
- Tcl: As of version 8.5, integers are arbitrary-precision by default.
- Wolfram Language, like Mathematica, employs GMP for approximate number computation.
Online calculators
For one-off calculations. Runs on server or in browser. No installation or compilation required.- 1. https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculator-precision.html 200 places
- 2. http://birrell.org/andrew/ratcalc/ arbitrary; select rational or fixed-point and number of places
- 3. PARI/GP online calculator - https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/gp.html
- 4.1. - allow users to Search, Create, Store and Share multi-step calculations using explicit expressions featuring automated Unit Conversion. It is a platform that allows users to go beyond unit conversion, which in turn brings in significantly improved efficiency. A lot of sample calculations can be found at AutoCalcs Docs site. Calculations created with AutoCalcs can be embedded into 3rd party websites.
- 4.2. - considering above mentioned as the calculation engine, this Docs site is a library with a host of calculations, where each calculation is essentially a web app that can run online, be further customized, and much more. Imaging reading a book with a lot of calculations, then this is the book/manual with all calculations that can be used on the fly. It is worthwhile to mention - when units are involved in the calculations, the unit conversion can be automated.
- 5. : an arbitrary precision integer and decimal calculator, with support for decimal shifting and data type fitting.