Jet trainer


A jet trainer is a jet aircraft for use as a trainer, whether for basic or advanced flight training. Jet trainers are either custom designs or modifications of existing aircraft. With the introduction of military jet-powered aircraft towards the end of World War II it became a requirement to train pilots in the handling of such aircraft.

History

The first generation of trainers in the 1940s were modified from existing designs like the Gloster Meteor and Lockheed T-33 but with these were followed by custom training aircraft like the Aero L-29 Delfín and the BAC Jet Provost.
As training developed, different air forces used jet trainers for different phases of training. Although most air forces continued to use piston or later turboprop aircraft for basic training, a number of jet trainers like the Cessna T-37 Tweet appeared for the early stages of pilot training. Pilots who were picked to fly fighter or strike aircraft then went on to fly more advanced training aircraft like the Hawker Siddeley Gnat.
As the early jet-trainers became obsolete then further generations have appeared, the British using the single-engine BAE Systems Hawk while the French ordered the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet. In the Warsaw Pact the Aero L-39 Albatros became the standard jet trainer.
As the jet trainer developed, it was also used for weapon training, which led to some trainers being modified as light strike aircraft; for example, the Cessna T-37 Tweet was developed into the Cessna A-37 Dragonfly.
Modern jet trainers are structurally strengthened in order to allow high stress maneuvers and aerobatics.

List of jet trainers

Below is a list of some current and former jet trainers
File:2020. 06.22 總統出席「空軍新式高教機首飛展示」.jpg|thumb|The Republic of China Air Force AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle
AircraftCountry1st flightNo. builtStatus
Aermacchi MB-326Italy1957800Limited service
Aermacchi MB-339Italy1976230Operational
Aero L-29 DelfínCzechoslovakia19593500Operational
Aero L-39 AlbatrosCzechoslovakia19682800Operational
Aero L-39 SkyfoxCzech Republic201810Operational
Aero L-59 Super AlbatrosCzechoslovakia1986Operational
Aero L-159 AlcaCzech Republic1997Operational
AIDC AT-3 Tzu ChungRepublic of China198063Operational
AIDC T-5 Brave EagleRepublic of China20205Operational
BAC Jet ProvostUnited Kingdom1954741Retired
BAE HawkUnited Kingdom1974Operational
Boeing–Saab T-7 Red HawkUnited States / Sweden20163In development
CASA C-101Spain1977Operational
Canadair CT-133 Silver StarCanada1952Retired
Canadair CT-114 TutorCanada1960aircraft in flight for testing and aerobatic demonstrations.
Cessna T-37 TweetUnited States1954Limited service
Dassault/Dornier Alpha JetFrance / Germany1973Operational
Douglas TA-4E/J SkyhawkUnited States1954Operational
Fiat G.80Italy1951Retired
FMA IA 63 PampaArgentina1984Operational
Fokker S.14 MachtrainerNetherlands195121Retired
Folland GnatUnited Kingdom1955Retired
Fouga MagisterFrance1952Retired
Fouga ZéphyrFrance1959Retired
Fuji T-1Japan1958Retired
Mitsubishi T-2Japan1971Retired
Grumman F9F-8T/TF-9J CougarUnited States1951400Retired
HAL HJT-16 KiranIndia1964190Operational
HAL HJT-36 SitaraIndia20036Limited series production
HESA YasinIran20192In development
Hispano HA-200Spain1955212Retired
Hongdu JL-8/Karakorum-8People's Republic of China / Pakistan1990Operational
Guizhou JL-9People's Republic of China2003Operational
Hongdu JL-10People's Republic of China2006Operational
IAR 99Romania1985Operational
KAI T-50 Golden EagleSouth Korea2002Operational
Kawasaki T-4Japan1985Operational
Leonardo M 346 MasterItaly2004Operational
Lockheed T-33United States1948Retired
Lockheed T2V SeaStarUnited States1953Retired
McDonnell Douglas T-45 GoshawkUnited States1988Operational
Morane-Saulnier MS.760 ParisFrance1964Retired
North American T-2 BuckeyeUnited States1959Operational
Northrop T-38 TalonUnited States1958Operational
PZL I-22 IrydaPoland198517Retired
PZL TS-11 IskraPoland1960Retired
Saab 105Sweden1963192Operational
Soko G-2 GalebYugoslavia1961248Limited service
Soko G-4 Super GalebYugoslavia197885Operational
SIAI-Marchetti S.211Italy198160Operational
TAI HürjetTurkey20232In development
Temco TT PintoUnited States195615Retired
Yakovlev Yak-130Russia1996186Operational