Brigade combat team


The brigade combat team is the basic deployable unit of maneuver in the U.S. Army. A brigade combat team consists of one combat arms branch maneuver brigade and its assigned support and fire units. A brigade is normally commanded by a colonel although in some cases a brigadier general may assume command. A brigade combat team contains combat support and combat service support units necessary to sustain its operations. BCTs contain organic artillery training and support, received from the parent division artillery. There are four types of brigade combat teams: infantry, Stryker, armored, and mobile.
Currently, the U.S. Army is structured around the brigade combat team. In this program, divisions that previously had not deployed individual brigades due to a lack of integral support have now been restructured. The 1st Armored Division, 25th Infantry Division, etc. now can deploy one or more BCTs anywhere in the world. These BCTs are intended to be able to stand on their own, like a division in miniature. The soldiers assigned to a BCT will stay at their assignment for three years; this is intended to bolster readiness and improve unit cohesion.

Infantry brigade combat team

The Infantry Brigade Combat Team, as of 2014, contains 4,413 soldiers and is organized around three battalions of infantry. Each type of brigade——has the same basic organization. Each infantry brigade is equipped and capable of air assault operations. Also, most units typically maneuver in HMMWVs when deployed and operate as "motorized infantry" to facilitate speed of movement. The Infantry BCT can conduct entry operations by ground, air, and amphibious means.
Apart from the three infantry battalions, each brigade typically contains one cavalry battalion, one brigade support battalion, one engineer battalion and one field artillery battalion, totaling seven battalions. As of May 2025, all IBCTs will covert to Mobile Brigade Combat Teams, equipped with the M1301 infantry squad vehicle to enhance mobility. The MBCT structure was yet to be defined.

Infantry battalion (×3)

Note: OCONUS based BCTs only have two infantry battalions
The Stryker brigade combat team is a mechanized infantry force structured around the Stryker eight-wheeled variant of the General Dynamics LAV III. A full Stryker brigade was intended to be C-130 Hercules-air transportable into theatre within 96 hours, while a division-sized force is expected to need 120 hours. The Stryker brigade is an organic combined arms unit of lightly-armored, medium-weight wheeled vehicles, and is organized differently from the infantry or armored brigade combat teams. The Stryker brigades are being used to implement network-centric warfare doctrines, and are intended to fill a gap between the United States' highly mobile light infantry and its much heavier armored infantry. The team also receives training in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense.
Each Stryker brigade combat team consists of three infantry battalions, one reconnaissance squadron, one fires battalion, one brigade support battalion, one brigade headquarters and headquarters company, and one brigade engineer battalion. A Stryker brigade is made up of more than 300 Stryker vehicles and 4,500 soldiers.
Starting in 2015, the anti-tank company was reflagged from the brigade engineer battalion to the cavalry squadron, to form a weapons troop—also incorporating the mobile gun systems from the infantry battalions. The MGS is retired since the end of 2022.

Infantry battalion (×3)

The armored brigade combat team is the Army's primary armored force. It is designed around combined arms battalions that contain both M1 Abrams tanks and M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles. Other vehicles, such as HMMWVs and M113 armored personnel carrier, operate in a supporting role. In the future, it will also contain vehicles from the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle and likely the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle programs.
An armored brigade combat team consists of seven battalions: three combined arms battalions, one cavalry squadron, one artillery battalion, one engineer battalion and one brigade support battalion. As of 2014, the armored brigade combat team is the largest brigade combat team formation with 4,743 soldiers. Prior to 2012, the armored brigade combat team was named the heavy brigade combat team.
An ABCT includes 87 Abrams, 152 Bradley IFVs, 18 M109 self-propelled howitizers and 45 armed M113 vehicles. The operational cost for these combat systems is $66,735 per mile. The range of the Abrams limits the brigade to 330 km, requiring fuel every 12 hours. The brigade can self-transport 738,100 L of fuel, which is transported by 15 19,000 L M969A1 tankers and 48 9,500 L M978 tankers.
Prior to 2016, the CAB contained two tank companies and two mechanized infantry companies. In 2016, the CAB was reorganized to have two variations: an "armored battalion" biased towards armor, with two tank companies and one mechanized infantry company; and a "mechanized infantry" battalion biased towards infantry, with two mechanized infantry companies and one tank company. The ABCTs thus adopted a "triangle" structure of two armored battalions and one mechanized infantry battalion. This resulted in an overall reduction of two mechanized infantry companies; the deleted armored company was reflagged to the cavalry squadron.
In 2021 the US Army announced its Waypoint 2028 program which saw the force begin to shift its doctrinal and organizational focus towards what it called Large Scale Combat Operations. The shift away from counter insurgency and to combat with a near peer threat meant a shift away from an organization focused on Brigade Combat Teams and back to one focused on the division echelon and above. Armored Brigade Combat teams received some of the most sweeping changes to their organization as their parent divisions were reorganized to be the central component in any attack. In January 2022 the Army would rebrand from Waypoint 2028 to Army 2030 which would bring about refinements to the proposed organizational and doctrinal changes. In April 2023 the Army would release its newly formed divisional templates and BCT organizations.
The new armored brigade combat teams would retain their three maneuver battalions in the post-2016 structure of two armor-heavy battalions and one infantry-heavy battalion. Armored brigades will lose their own organic cavalry squadron which will be passed up to the divisional level in a new cavalry regiment. In lieu of this brigade headquarters will receive a 6 Bradley recon platoon. Armored brigades will also have their organic artillery shifted up to the divisional level so that they can be more effective concentrated across the entire engagement front. Finally the organic engineering battalion will be shifted up to a division level engineering brigade so that it too can be more effectively concentrated to the main effort brigade when needed.

Post-2023 organizational restructure for combined armor/infantry assets

Armored Battalion (×2)