Generational list of programming languages
This is a "genealogy" of programming languages. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetic order. Any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.
ALGOL based
- ALGOL
- * Atlas Autocode
- * ALGOL 58
- ** MAD and GOM
- * ALGOL 60
- ** MAD/I
- ** Simula
- ** SETL
- *** ABC
- **** Python
- ***** Julia
- ***** Nim
- ***** Swift
- ***** Boo
- ***** Cobra
- * ALGOL 68
- * ALGOL W
- ** Pascal
- *** Ada
- **** SPARK
- **** PL/SQL
- *** Turbo Pascal
- **** Object Pascal
- ***** Free Pascal
- ***** Kylix
- *** Euclid
- **** Concurrent Euclid
- **** Turing
- ***** Turing+
- ***** Object-Oriented Turing
- *** Mesa
- **** Modula-2
- ***** Modula-3
- ***** Oberon
- ****** Go
- ******* V (Vlang)
- ****** Nim
- ****** Oberon-2
- ******* Component Pascal
- ******* Active Oberon
- ******** Zonnon
- ****** Oberon-07
- ***** Lua
- *** SUE
- **** Plus
- * CPL
- ** BCPL
- *** B
- **** C
APL based
BASIC based
- BASIC
- * AmigaBASIC
- * AMOS BASIC
- * BASIC Stamp
- * Basic-256
- * BASIC09
- * BBC Basic
- * Blitz BASIC
- ** Blitz3D
- ** BlitzMax
- ** BlitzPlus
- * Business Basic
- * Caché Basic
- * Chinese BASIC
- * COMAL
- * Commodore BASIC
- * DarkBASIC
- ** DarkBASIC Professional
- * Dartmouth BASIC
- ** HP Time-Shared BASIC
- *** Integer BASIC or Apple BASIC
- ** Tiny BASIC
- *** Atari BASIC
- * Euphoria
- * GLBasic
- * GRASS
- * Altair BASIC
- ** Microsoft BASIC
- *** GW-BASIC
- **** QuickBASIC
- ***** QBasic
- ****** Basic4GL
- ****** FreeBASIC
- ****** Liberty BASIC
- ******* Run BASIC
- ***** Visual [Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]
- ****** VBScript
- ****** Visual Basic for Applications
- ******* LotusScript
- ****** Visual Basic.NET
- ******* Small Basic
- ****** B4X
- ****** Basic for Qt
- ****** OpenOffice Basic
- ****** HBasic
- ****** Gambas
- ****** WinWrap Basic
- ****** WordBasic
- ***** QB64
- * PureBasic
- * REALbasic (Xojo)
- * TI-BASIC
- * True BASIC
- * Turbo Basic
- ** PowerBASIC
- * wxBasic
- ** SdlBasic
- *** RCBasic
- * XBasic
- * YaBasic
Batch languages
C based
- C
- * Lua
- * Alef
- * C++
- ** Rust
- ** D
- * C#
- ** Windows PowerShell
- * Cobra
- * Java
- * C--
- * Cyclone
- ** Rust
- * ColdFusion
- * Go
- ** V (Vlang)
- * Harbour
- ** Limbo
- * LPC
- ** Pike
- * Objective-C
- ** Swift
- * PCASTL
- * Perl
- ** Windows PowerShell
- ** S2
- ** PHP
- ** Ruby
- *** Julia
- *** Swift
- *** Crystal
- ***Elixir
- ** PDL
- ** Raku
- * QuakeC
- * tcsh
C# based
- C#
- * Chapel
- * Clojure
- * Crystal
- * D
- * J#
- * Dart
- * F#
- * Hack
- * Java
- * Kotlin
- * Nemerle
- * Oxygene
- * Rust
- * Swift
- * Vala
- * TypeScript
COBOL based
COMIT based
DCL based
ed based
Eiffel based
Forth based
- Forth
- * InterPress
- ** PostScript
- * Joy
- ** Factor
- * Rebol
- * RPL
Fortran based
- Fortran
- * Fortran II
- ** BASIC
- ** SAKO
- * Fortran IV
- ** WATFOR
- ** WATFIV
- * Fortran 66
- ** FORMAC
- ** Ratfor
- * Fortran 77
- ** WATFOR-77
- ** Ratfiv
- * Fortran 90
- * Fortran 95
- ** F
- * Fortran 2003
- * Fortran 2008
- * Fortran 2018
- * ALGOL
FP based
HyperTalk based
Java based
- Java
- * Ateji PX
- * C#
- * Ceylon
- * Fantom
- * Apache Groovy
- * OptimJ
- * Processing
- * Scala
- * Join Java
- * J#
- * Kotlin
- * X10
JavaScript based
- JavaScript
- * ActionScript
- ** Haxe
- * Asm.js
- * CoffeeScript
- * ECMAScript
- * JavaScript OSA
- * JScript
- * TypeScript
- ** AssemblyScript
JOSS based
JOSS also inspired features for several versions of BASIC, including Tymshare's SUPER BASIC and DEC's BASIC-PLUS.Lisp based
- Lisp
- * Arc
- * AutoLISP
- * Clojure
- * Common Lisp
- ** uLisp
- * Emacs Lisp
- * ISLISP
- * Interlisp
- * Julia
- * K
- * LFE
- * Logo
- ** Turtle graphics
- * MacLisp
- * Nu programming language
- * PicoLisp
- * REBOL
- ** Red (programming language)
- * RPL
- * S
- ** R
- *** PCASTL
- * Scheme
- ** GNU Guile
- ** Racket
- ** Hop
- ** Pico
- ** T
- ** Lua
- **JavaScript
- **ECMAScript
ML based
PL/I based
Prolog based
SASL based
- SASL
- * Kent Recursive Calculator
- * Miranda
- ** Haskell
- *** Agda
- *** Elm
- *** Idris
- *** Rust
- *** Swift
- *** PureScript
- **Nix
SETL based
sh based
- Sh
- * bash
- * csh
- ** tcsh
- ** Hamilton C shell
- * fish
- * zsh
- * ksh
- ** Windows PowerShell
- ** Qshell
Simula based
- Simula
- * C++
- * Smalltalk
- ** Objective-C
- *** Swift
- *** Cobra
- ** Ruby
- *** Swift
- ***Elixir
- ** Self
- *** JavaScript
- *** NewtonScript
- **** Io
- ** Object Rexx
- * BETA