List of geological features on Titan

This is a list of named geological features on Saturn's moon Titan. Official names for these features have only been announced since the 2000s, as Titan's surface was virtually unknown before the arrival of the Cassini–Huygens probe. Some features were known by informal nicknames beforehand; these names are noted where appropriate. Note that some features with a physical size given by "diameter" may not be circular; then the number refers to the length.

Albedo features

Albedo features on Titan are named after sacred or enchanted places in world mythologies and literature.

Bright albedo features

Name	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named After	Ref
Adiri		0	2006	Adiri, Melanesian paradise
Dilmun		0	2006	Dilmun, Sumerian heaven
Quivira		0	2006	Quivira, legendary city in southwestern America
Tsegihi		0	2006	Tsegihi, Navajo sacred place
Xanadu		3400	2006	Xanadu, an imaginary palace in Coleridge's Kubla Khan

Arcūs

Titanean arcūs are named after deities of happiness.

Name	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named After	Ref
Hotei Arcus		600	2006	Hotei, Japanese god

Colles

Colles are small hills or knobs which are named after characters in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth.

Name	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named After	Ref
Arwen Colles		64	19 December 2012	Arwen, character from Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings trilogy
Bilbo Colles		164	19 December 2012	Bilbo Baggins, titular character of Tolkien's The Hobbit
Faramir Colles		82	19 December 2012	Faramir, character from Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings trilogy
Gandalf Colles		102	20 July 2015	Gandalf, character from Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings trilogy
Handir Colles		100	19 December 2012	Handir, character from Tolkien's The Silmarillion
Nimloth Colles		90	19 December 2012	Nimloth, name of a character and a tree from Tolkien's Middle-Earth

Craters

Craters on Titan are named after deities of wisdom.

Name	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named After	Informal Name	Ref
Afekan		115.0	4 August 2008	Afekan, New Guinean creator goddess
Beag		145.0	15 April 2015	Beag, Irish/Celtic goddess
Forseti		115.0	15 April 2015	Forseti, Norse god
Hano		100.0	23 December 2011	Hano, Bella Coola goddess of education knowledge and magic. She manifested as a shaman so she could teach the people
Ksa		29.0	11 October 2006	Ksa, Lakota/Oglala spirit
Menrva		392.0	2006	Menrva, Etruscan goddess	'Circus Maximus'
Momoy		40.0	23 December 2011	Momoy, Chumash ancestor shaman and goddess of magic
Mystis		20.0	20 July 2015	Mystis, Greek nymph
Selk		80.0	15 February 2008	Selk, Egyptian goddess
Sinlap		80.0	2006	Sinlap, Kachin spirit
Soi		75.0	3 February 2012	Soi, Melanesian god of wisdom

Faculae

Faculae are named after islands on Earth that are not politically independent. Groups of faculae are named after archipelagos on Earth.

Facula	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Informal name	Ref
Antilia Faculae		260	2006	Antillia, mythical Atlantic archipelago
Bazaruto Facula		215	2006	Bazaruto, Mozambique island
Coats Facula		80	2006	Coats Island, Canada
Crete Facula		680	2006	Crete, Greek island
Elba Facula		250	2006	Elba, Italian island
Kerguelen Facula		135	2006	Kerguelen Islands, French subantarctic island
Mindanao Facula		210	2006	Mindanao, Philippine island	'Ireland'
Nicobar Faculae		575	2006	Nicobar Islands, Indian archipelago
Oahu Facula		465	2006	Oahu, Hawaiian island
Santorini Facula		140	2006	Santorini, Greek island
Shikoku Facula		285	2006	Shikoku, Japanese island	'Great Britain'
Tasmania Facula		26	14 April 2022	Tasmania
Texel Facula		190	2006	Texel, Dutch island	'Manhattan'
Tortola Facula		65	2006	Tortola, British Virgin Islands	'The Snail'
Vis Facula		215	2006	Vis, Croatian island

Fluctūs

The term "fluctus" refers to flow terrain. Fluctūs on Titan are named after mythological figures associated with beauty.

Fluctus	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Ara Fluctus		70	2 March 2007	Ara the Beautiful, Armenian legendary figure
Leilah Fluctus		190	2 March 2007	Layla, Persian goddess
Mohini Fluctus		347	13 November 2012	Mohini, Indian goddess of beauty and magic
Rohe Fluctus		103	2 March 2007	Rohe, Māori goddess
Winia Fluctus		300	2 March 2007	Winia, Indonesian first woman

Flumina

A flumen is a feature that looks like a channel carved by liquid. Flumina refers to a network of rivers. Some flumina are not found near liquid bodies, which are labelled as "dry valley". They are named after mythical or imaginary rivers.

Flumina	Coordinates	Liquid Body	Length	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Apanohuaya Flumen		Punga Mare	64	12 March 2020	Apanohuaya, mythological river in the Aztec Underworld
Celadon Flumina		dry valley	160	8 October 2014	Celadon, river in Homer's Iliad
Elivagar Flumina		dry valley	260	27 September 2007	The Élivágar, a group of ice rivers in Norse mythology
Gihon Flumen		Ligeia Mare	225	14 December 2020	Gihon, Biblical second river of paradise that flows from Eden
Hubur Flumen		Ontario Lacus	84	27 December 2015	Hubur, river of the underworld in Mesopotamian mythology
Karesos Flumen		Ontario Lacus	83	27 December 2015	River in Homer's Iliad
Kokytos Flumina		Ligeia Mare	305	14 December 2020	Cocytus, river of lamentations in the Greek underworld
Sambation Flumina		Punga Mare	210	14 December 2020	Sambation, legendary river in Jewish literature
Saraswati Flumen		Ontario Lacus	>300	27 December 2015	Saraswati, river in Hindu mythology
Vid Flumina		Ligeia Mare	400	13 February 2013	One of the rivers in Élivágar.
Xanthus Flumen		Ligeia Mare	78	6 November 2015	Name of the Gods of the river Skamandros in the Iliad.

Freta

A fretum is a strait of liquid connecting two larger liquid bodies. They are named after characters from the Foundation series of science fiction novels by Isaac Asimov.

Fretum	Coordinates	Length	Approval Date	Named after	Informal name	Ref
Bayta Fretum		165	19 January 2015	Bayta Darell, fictional character in Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series, wife of the Trader Toran Darell and grandmother of famous author Arcadia Darell.
Hardin Fretum		246	19 January 2015	Salvor Hardin, fictional character in Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series, first Mayor of the planet Terminus.
Seldon Fretum		67	19 January 2015	Hari Seldon, the fictional, intellectual hero of Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series, First Minister of the Galactic Empire.	'Throat of Kraken'
Trevize Fretum		173	19 January 2015	Golan Trevize, fictional character in Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series, councilman of the planet Terminus.

Insulae

Insulae are islands within Titan's seas. They are named after legendary islands.

Insula	Coordinates	Liquid body	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Bermoothes Insula		Kraken Mare	124	19 January 2015	Bermoothes, an enchanted island in Shakespeare's Tempest
Bimini Insula		Kraken Mare	39	19 January 2015	Bimini, island in Arawak legend said to contain the fountain of youth.
Bralgu Insula		Ligeia Mare	55	19 January 2015	Baralku, in Yolngu culture, the island of the dead and the place where the Djanggawul, the three creator siblings, originated.
Buyan Insula		Ligeia Mare	48	19 January 2015	Buyan, a rocky island in Russian folk tales located on the south shore of Baltic Sea
Hawaiki Insulae		Punga Mare	35	14 December 2020	Hawaiki, original home island of the Polynesian people in local mythology
Hufaidh Insulae		Kraken Mare	152	19 January 2015	Hufaidh, legendary island in the marshes of southern Iraq
Krocylea Insulae		Kraken Mare	74	19 January 2015	Crocylea, mythological Greek island in the Ionian Sea, near Ithaca
Mayda Insula		Kraken Mare	168	11 April 2008	Mayda, legendary island in the northeast Atlantic
Meropis Insula		Punga Mare	30	14 December 2020	Meropis, fictional island mentioned by ancient Greek writer Theopompus in his work Philippica
Onogoro Insula		Punga Mare	15	14 December 2020	Onogoro Island, Japanese mythological island
Penglai Insula		Kraken Mare	94	19 January 2015	Penglai, mythological Chinese mountain island where immortals and gods lived.
Planctae Insulae		Ligeia Mare	64	19 January 2015	Symplegades, the "clashing rocks" in Bosphorus which only Argo was said to have successfully passed.
Royllo Insula		Kraken Mare	103	19 January 2015	Royllo, legendary island in the Atlantic, on verge of unknown, near Antilla and Saint Brandan.

Labyrinthi

Labyrinthi on Titan are named after planets from the fictional Dune universe created by Frank Herbert.

Labyrinthus	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Anbus Labyrinthus		120	1 March 2017	Anbus
Corrin Labyrinthus		280	14 September 2017	Corrin
Ecaz Labyrinthus		360	8 October 2014	Ecaz
Gammu Labyrinthus		115	8 March 2017	Gammu
Gamont Labyrinthus		130	1 March 2017	Gamont
Gansireed Labyrinthus		300	8 March 2017	Gansireed
Ginaz Labyrinthus		160	1 March 2017	Ginaz
Grumann Labyrinthus		540	1 March 2017	Grumann
Harmonthep Labyrinthus		363	14 September 2017	Harmonthep
Ipyr Labyrinthus		76.97	14 December 2020	Ipyr
Junction Labyrinthus		484	1 March 2017	Junction
Kaitain Labyrinthus		196	8 October 2014	Kaitain
Kronin Labyrinthus		270	1 March 2017	Kronin
Lampadas Labyrinthus		445	8 March 2017	Lampadas
Lankiveil Labyrinthus		450	1 March 2017	Lankiveil
Lernaeus Labyrinthus		167	8 March 2017	Lernaeus
Muritan Labyrinthus		200	8 March 2017	Muritan
Naraj Labyrinthus		115	8 March 2017	Naraj
Niushe Labyrinthus		222	14 September 2017	Niushe
Palma Labyrinthus		69	8 March 2017	Palma
Richese Labyrinthus		200	8 October 2014	Richese
Salusa Labyrinthus		126	14 September 2017	Salusa
Sikun Labyrinthus		175	6 January 2010	Sikun
Tleilax Labyrinthus		207	1 March 2017	Tleilax
Tupile Labyrinthus		84	20 July 2015	Tupile

Lacunae

Lacunae are dark areas with the appearance of dry lake beds, which are named after intermittent lakes on Earth.

Lacunae	Coordinates	Length	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Atacama Lacuna		35.9	21 December 2010	Salar de Atacama, intermittent lake in Chile
Cerknica Lacuna		96	13 April 2022	Intermittent lake in Slovenia
Eyre Lacuna		25.4	21 December 2010	Lake Eyre, an intermittent lake in Australia
Jerid Lacuna		42.6	21 December 2010	Chott el Djerid, intermittent lake in Tunisia
Kutch Lacuna		175	3 December 2013	Great Rann of Kutch, intermittent lake on Pakistani-Indian border
Melrhir Lacuna		23	21 December 2010	Chott Melrhir, intermittent lake in Algeria
Nakuru Lacuna		188	3 December 2013	Lake Nakuru, intermittent lake in Kenya
Ngami Lacuna		37.2	21 December 2010	Lake Ngami, in Botswana, and like its terrestrial namesake is considered to be endorheic.
Orog Lacuna		42	13 April 2022	Intermittent lake in Mongolia
Racetrack Lacuna		9.9	21 December 2010	Racetrack Playa, intermittent lake in California, USA
Uyuni Lacuna		27	21 December 2010	Salar de Uyuni, intermittent lake and world's largest salt flat in Bolivia
Veliko Lacuna		93	20 July 2015	Veliko Lake, intermittent lake in Bosnia-Herzegovina
Woytchugga Lacuna		449	3 December 2013	Indications are that it is an intermittent lake and so was named in 2013 after Lake Woytchugga near Wilcannia, Australia.

Lacūs

Lacūs are hydrocarbon lakes.

Large ringed features

Large ring features are named after deities of wisdom in world mythology.

Ring feature	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Guabonito		55	2006	Guabonito, Taíno sea goddess
Nath		95	2006	Irish goddess of wisdom
Paxsi		120	15 October 2010	Aymara goddess of the moon and wisdom
Veles		45	2006	Veles, Slavic god

Maculae

Titanean maculae are named after deities of happiness, peace, and harmony in world mythology.

Macula	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Eir Macula		145	2006	Eir, Norse goddess.
Elpis Macula		500	2006	Elpis, Greek god
Ganesa Macula		160	2006	Ganesa, Hindu god
Genetaska Macula		24	20 July 2015	Genetaska, Peace Queen of the Iroquois
Omacatl Macula		225	2006	Omacatl, Aztec god.
Polaznik Macula		346.90	5 April 2010	Polaznik, Slavic god
Polelya Macula		175	2 March 2007	Polelya, Slavic god

Maria

Maria are hydrocarbon seas.

Montes

Mountains are named after mountains from the fictional Middle-Earth created by J.R.R. Tolkien.

Mons	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Angmar Montes		230	5 December 2011	Mountains of Angmar
Dolmed Montes		400	5 December 2011	Mount Dolmed
Doom Mons		63	13 November 2012	Mount Doom
Echoriat Montes		930	5 December 2011	Echoriath
Erebor Mons		50	13 November 2012	Erebor, the Lonely Mountain
Gram Montes		260	5 December 2011	Mount Gram
Irensaga Montes		194	13 November 2012	Irensaga
Lithui Montes		200	14 December 2020	Ered Lithui, also called Ash Mountains
Luin Montes		156	13 April 2022	Ered Luin, also called Blue Mountains
Merlock Montes		200	5 December 2011	Merlock Mountains
Mindolluin Montes		340	13 November 2012	Mindolluin
Misty Montes		73	13 November 2012	Misty Mountains
Mithrim Montes		147	13 November 2012	Mountains of Mithrim
Moria Montes		107	20 July 2015	Mountains of Moria
Rerir Montes		370	5 December 2011	Mount Rerir
Taniquetil Montes		130	13 November 2012	Taniquetil

Paterae

Paterae are caldera or deep-wall craters with a possible volcanic origin. Sotra Patera was formerly named Sotra Facula, which followed the naming theme for Faculae. No nomenclature currently exists for this class of features on Titan.

Patera	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Sotra Patera		40	19 December 2012	Sotra, Norwegian island

Planitiae

Planitiae on Titan are named after planets from the fictional Dune universe created by Frank Herbert.

Planitia	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Arrakis Planitia		337.40	5 April 2010	Arrakis
Buzzell Planitia		870	18 March 2016	Buzzell
Caladan Planitia		2800	8 October 2014	Caladan
Chusuk Planitia		125	4 August 2009	Chusuk
Giedi Planitia		303.25	24 August 2017	Giedi
Hagal Planitia		435	27 December 2015	Hagal
Poritrin Planitia		1900	8 October 2014	Poritrin
Romo Planitia		400	27 December 2015	Romo
Rossak Planitia		512	27 December 2015	Rossak
Xuttah Planitia		18	13 April 2022	Xuttah

Regiones

Regiones are named after deities of peace and happiness.

Regio	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Concordia Regio		1500	5 January 2012	Concordia, the Roman goddess of divinity and harmony
Hetpet Regio		1080	5 January 2012	Hetpet, the Egyptian personification of happiness
Hotei Regio		500	7 May 2009	Budai, Chinese/Japanese god
Ochumare Regio		939	14 September 2017	Ochumare, Puertan Rican goddess of happiness and weather
Tui Regio		1200	2006	Tui, Chinese goddess.

Sinūs

Sinus within seas or lakes are named after terrestrial bays, coves, fjords or inlets.

Name	Coordinates	Liquid body	Length	Approval Date	Source of name	Ref
Arnar Sinus		Kraken Mare	101	19 January 2015	Arnar, fjord in Iceland
Avacha Sinus		Punga Mare	51	12 March 2020	Avacha Bay in Kamchatka, Russia
Baffin Sinus		Kraken Mare	110	9 January 2018	Baffin Bay between Canada and Greenland
Boni Sinus		Kraken Mare	54	9 January 2018	Gulf of Boni in Indonesia
Dingle Sinus		Kraken Mare	80	9 January 2018	Dingle Bay in Ireland
Fagaloa Sinus		Punga Mare	33	14 December 2020	Fagaloa Bay in Upolu Island, Samoa
Flensborg Sinus		Kraken Mare	115	19 January 2015	Flensburg Firth, fjord between Denmark and Germany
Fundy Sinus		Punga Mare	91	12 March 2020	Bay of Fundy in Canada that hosts the world's largest tides
Gabes Sinus		Kraken Mare	147	19 January 2015	Gabes, or Syrtis minor, a bay in Tunisia
Genova Sinus		Kraken Mare	125	9 January 2018	Gulf of Genoa in Italy
Kumbaru Sinus		Kraken Mare	122	19 January 2015	Bay in India
Lulworth Sinus		Kraken Mare	24	12 March 2020	Lulworth Cove in southern England
Maizuru Sinus		Kraken Mare	92	9 January 2018	Maizuru Bay in Japan
Manza Sinus		Kraken Mare	37	9 January 2018	Manza Bay in Tanzania
Montego Sinus			83	13 April 2022	Montego Bay in Jamaica
Moray Sinus		Kraken Mare	204	19 January 2015	Moray Firth in Scotland
Nicoya Sinus		Ligeia Mare	130	19 January 2015	Gulf of Nicoya in Costa Rica
Okahu Sinus		Kraken Mare	141	19 January 2015	Okahu Bay near Auckland, New Zealand
Patos Sinus		Ligeia Mare	103	19 January 2015	Patos, fjord in Chile
Puget Sinus		Ligeia Mare	93	19 January 2015	Puget Sound in Washington, United States
Rombaken Sinus		Ligeia Mare	92.5	19 January 2015	Rombaken, fjord in Norway
Saldanha Sinus		Punga Mare	18	14 December 2020	Saldanha Bay in South Africa
Skelton Sinus		Kraken Mare	73	19 January 2015	Skelton Glacier near Ross Sea, Antarctica
Trold Sinus		Kraken Mare	118	19 January 2015	Trold Fiord Formation in Nunavut, Canada
Tumaco Sinus		Punga Mare	31	14 December 2020	Tumaco, port city and bay in Colombia
Tunu Sinus		Kraken Mare	134	19 January 2015	Tunu, fjord in Greenland
Wakasa Sinus		Ligeia Mare	146	19 January 2015	Wakasa Bay in Japan
Walvis Sinus		Kraken Mare	253	19 January 2015	Walvis Bay in Namibia

Terrae

Terrae are extensive landmasses. As with the albedo features, they are named after sacred and enchanted locations from cultures across the world.

Terra	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Garotman Terra		970	5 January 2012	Garotman, the Iranian paradise that the souls of faithful men inhabit
Paititi Terra		2100	12 July 2024	Incan legendary lost city east of the Andes
Tollan Terra		800	5 January 2012	Tollan, the Aztec paradise where crops never wilt
Tsiipiya Terra		573.24	24 August 2017	Tsiipiya, the Hopi name for Mount Taylor in New Mexico, USA
Yalaing Terra		980	5 January 2012	Yalaing, the Australian spirit land for good souls with clean water and game

Undae

Undae are dune fields. On Titan they are named after Greek deities of wind.

Undae	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Aura Undae		490	20 July 2015	Aura, goddess of the morning wind.
Boreas Undae		260	5 December 2011	Boreas, Greek god of the north wind.
Eurus Undae		220	5 December 2011	Eurus, Greek personification of the east wind.
Notus Undae		530	5 December 2011	Notus, Greek god of the south or southwest wind.
Zephyrus Undae		130	5 December 2011	Zephyrus, Greek personification of the gentle west wind.

Virgae

Virgae are named after rain gods in world mythologies.

Virga	Coordinates	Diameter	Approval Date	Named after	Ref
Bacab Virgae		485	2006	Bacab, Mayan rain god
Hobal Virga		1075	2006	Hobal, Arabian rain god.
Kalseru Virga		630	2006	Kalseru, Australian Aborigine rain god.
Perkunas Virgae		980	2006	Perkūnas, Lithuanian supreme god
Shiwanni Virgae		1400	2006	Shiwanni, Zuni rain god
Tishtrya Virgae		276	20 July 2015	Tishtrya, Persian rain god
Tlaloc Virgae		600	20 July 2015	Tlaloc, Aztec rain god
Uanui Virgae		917	5 April 2010	Uanui, Māori rain god

Informal names for previously unnamed features

Because the exact nature of many surface features remain mysterious, a number of features took time to receive formal names and are known by nicknames. In most cases, indications of brightness and darkness refer not to visible light, but to the infrared images used to look through Titan's obscuring haze.

'The Sickle': a large, dark, sickle-shaped region identified by the Hubble Space Telescope.
'Throat of Kraken': unofficial name for the strait that separates the north and south basins of Kraken Mare, before officially being named Seldon Fretum. It was used in early publications that hypothesized about its role with tidal dissipation and surface currents between the two basins of Kraken Mare.