Police of Finland
The Police of Finland is a national government agency responsible for general police and law enforcement matters in the Republic of Finland. The Police of Finland is subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior and consists of the National Police Board, two national police units and 11 local police departments.
On October 1, 2003, the Public Order Act went into effect, standardising public ordinances throughout the country.
History
The roots of policing in Finland date back to the early 19th century, when Governor-General Fabian Steinheil demanded the establishment of a police department in Turku in 1811. The first police department was established in Turku in December 1816. After this, police departments were established in Helsinki in 1826 and in Vyborg in 1836. In the late 19th century, police departments were established in Tampere and Pori, and in 13 other cities between 1902 and 1916.Local police departments
The police is divided into police departments, which encompass the area of multiple municipalities; municipalities do not have police forces of their own. The function of each police department is to maintain general law and order, prevent crime, investigate crime and other events that threaten public order and safety, to carry out traffic control and surveillance and promote traffic safety, and perform all other duties prescribed by law or otherwise assigned to the police in their area. Local police departments are organized into uniformed patrol police and criminal investigation police.Local police also processes licenses and permits such as gun licenses, national ID cards and passports, and furthermore, enforces immigration decisions by the Finnish Immigration Service. Local police must also be notified when organizing public events that may significantly influence local public security and traffic. Driving licenses were once issued by the local police, but since 2016 are issued by Traficom.
Alarm services are operated by Emergency Response Centres managed by the Ministry of the Interior in cooperation with the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
Local police departments as of 2014:
- Lapland Police Department
- Central Finland Police Department
- Eastern Finland Police Department
- Eastern Uusimaa Police Department
- Helsinki Police Department
- Häme Police Department
- Ostrobothnia Police Department
- Oulu Police Department
- Southeastern Finland Police Department
- Southwestern Finland Police Department
- Western Uusimaa Police Department
National police units
The National Bureau of Investigation is responsible for major criminal investigations and certain types of specialist services such as fingerprint recognition. The NBI was formed in 1954 to assist the country's other police elements in efforts against crime, particularly that of a serious or deeply rooted nature. A special concern of the NBI is white-collar crime. To carry out its mission, the force has advanced technical means at its disposal, and it maintains Finland's fingerprint and identification files. The NBI is not a part of the police, instead it is a separate nationwide law enforcement agency which assists local police with investigations..The Police University College in Tampere is responsible for police training, research and development.
The Finnish Security Intelligence Service is responsible for national security and the investigation of related crimes. The Supo was moved directly under the Ministry of the Interior in 2016.
The National Traffic Police was folded into the local police in 2013, thus local police is also responsible for highway patrol. Originally, local police districts were very small and had limited resources, so a separate mobile police organization was founded for riot control, alcohol law enforcement and reserve force duties. Political reliability and independence from local strongmen was also important because of the threat from fascists; indeed, the first task was to escort former president K.J. Ståhlberg back to his home after he was kidnapped by the Lapua Movement. This organization later evolved into a highway patrol. However, because of mergers, local police departments had become larger. Thus, the separate national organization was deemed redundant and traffic police units were subordinated to the local police departments instead, without change in the actual number of highway patrol officers.
Other nationally active formations
, also known as the "Bear Squad", is a specialized armed response unit. The unit is officially part of the Helsinki Police Department.In June 2008, the Finnish police established a Police Incident Response Team tasked with improving the prevention, detection and management of serious information security incidents.
The police uses a VATV unit that is specialized in high-speed driving and pursuits. The unit consists of specially trained police officers who utilize several unmarked high-performance cars.
Police ranks
The Finnish police uses the following ranks:Criminal investigators prefix their ranks with rikos-, "Detective", literally "Crime", e.g. rikostarkastaja.
Rank insignia on the shoulder epaulettes is all silver on blue with a silver button. The rank insignia for Senior Constable is a single bar, added with two chevrons for Sergeant. Police officers have bordered rows of oak leaves, with a Lion of Finland next to them. Additionally, on the collar there is pentagonal insignia that always has the emblem with laurel leaves and a border, but with colors slightly varying with rank; officers have a border around the pentagon.
Equipment
Ordinary armament
- Baton
- Pepper spray
- TETRA
- Handcuffs
- Light and heavy armor
Weaponry
Vehicles
The most common patrol vehicle of police in Finland is Volkswagen Transporter, usually with 2.5 L diesel engines. In 2002 about one third of Finnish police cars were Transporters. Transporters are also used by border guards, customs, and sotilaspoliisi.Due to the bilingualism of the country, the right side of the vehicles is marked in Finnish, the left side is marked in Swedish. The siren used for the Finnish police cars are also used for the police of Sweden.
Current vehicles of the Finnish police
- Ford Kuga
- Ford Focus
- Audi A8
- Mercedes-Benz E-class
- BMW 7 series
- Citroën Berlingo
- Ford Mondeo
- Ford Ranger
- Ford Transit
- Opel Vectra
- Opel Movano
- Škoda Octavia
- Škoda Superb
- Ford Tourneo Connect
- Toyota Avensis
- Toyota Corolla Verso
- Mitsubishi Outlander
- Mitsubishi Pajero
- Toyota Land Cruiser
- Toyota Hilux
- Toyota Prius
- Nissan Navara
- Nissan Primastar
- Nissan Qashqai
- Volkswagen Passat
- Volkswagen Caddy
- Volkswagen Tiguan
- Volkswagen Golf Variant
- Volkswagen E-Golf
- Volkswagen Transporter
- Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
- Mercedes-Benz G-Class
- Mercedes-Benz G280 LAPV Enok
- Mercedes-Benz CLS
- Volvo V70
- Ford Focus ST
- Mercedes-Benz Vito
- Hyundai Ioniq electric
- Volkswagen Touran
- BMW 5 series
- Volvo S90
- Toyota RAV4
Additionally, Finnish police operates snowmobiles, water scooters and boats. Helsinki department also has a mounted police unit.