Business school

Types

• Most of the university business schools consist of faculties, colleges, or departments within the university, and predominantly teach business courses.
• In North America, a business school is often understood to be a university program that offers a graduate Master of Business Administration degrees and/or undergraduate bachelor's degrees.
• In Europe and Asia, some universities teach predominantly business courses.
• Privately owned business school which is not affiliated with any university.
• Highly specialized business schools focussing on a specific sector or domain.
• In France, many business schools are public-private partnerships largely financed by the public Chambers of Commerce. These schools offer accredited undergraduate and graduate degrees in business from the elite Conférence des Grandes Écoles and have only loose ties, or no ties at all, to any university.

1. Culture : Independent of their actual location, business schools can be classified according to whether they follow the European or the US model.
2. Compass : Business schools can be classified along a continuum, with international/global schools on one end and regional/local schools on the other.
3. Capital : Business schools can either be publicly funded or privately funded, for example through endowments or tuition fees.
4. Content : Business school can be classified according to whether a school considers teaching or research to be its primary focus.

   Notable firsts

• 1759 – The Aula do Comércio in Lisbon was founded as the world's first institution specialising in the teaching of accounting. It provided a model for the development of similar government-sponsored schools across Europe, and closed in 1844.
• 1819 – The oldest business school still in existence, ESCP Business School, was established as Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris, in Paris, France. Initially a private school, it became a family firm from 1830 to 1869.
• 1852 – The Belgian Higher Institute of Commerce, founded in Antwerp, was established as the first state-funded business school and the first business school in Belgium.
• 1857 – Budapest Business School was founded in Budapest in Austria-Hungary as the first business school in Central Europe.
• 1868 – Ca' Foscari University was founded in Venice as the first business school in Italy.
• 1881 – Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia was founded as the first business school in the United States.
• 1898 – Haas School of Business was established as the College of Commerce of the University of California, the first public business school in the US.
• 1898 – Handelshochschule Leipzig, now HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management, was founded as the first business school in Germany and the oldest in German-speaking regions.
• 1898 – University of St. Gallen was established as the first university in Switzerland to teach business and economics.
• 1900 – The first graduate school of business in the United States, the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College, was founded. The school conferred the first advanced degree in business, specifically, a Master of Science in Commercial Sciences, a predecessor of the MBA.
• 1902 – The University of Birmingham opened its School of Commerce, the first school dedicated to commerce in the UK, and established the first Bachelor of Commerce degrees.
• 1906 – Warsaw School of Economics was established as the first university in Poland dedicated to teaching commerce and economics.
• 1908 – Harvard Business School was founded at Harvard University as the first business program in the world to offer the Master of Business Administration degree.
• 1909 – Stockholm School of Economics was founded on the initiative of the Swedish business sector as the first business school in Sweden.
• 1921 – Shanghai University of Commerce was established as the first business school in China.
• 1926 – The first postgraduate business courses in the United Kingdom were offered at the Manchester College of Technology.
• 1936 – The Norwegian School of Economics was founded as the first business school in Norway.
• 1943 – The first executive MBA program was launched at the Booth School of Business, University of Chicago.
• 1946 – The Thunderbird School of Global Management, then the American Institute for Foreign Trade, was founded as the first graduate management school focused exclusively on global business.
• 1948 – The first MBA program outside of the US was established in Canada at the Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario.
• 1949 – The University of Pretoria in South Africa founded the first business school in Africa, and launches the first MBA course outside of North America.
• 1949 – XLRI, India's first business management school was founded.
• 1954 – Istanbul University Graduate School of Business, established with support from Harvard Business School and the Ford Foundation, becomes Turkey’s first graduate business school.
• 1955 – The Institute of Business Administers at the University of Karachi launched the first MBA in Asia.
• 1956 – German "management guru" Reinhard Höhn founded the in Bad Harzburg, launching what developed into the which shaped German management training until the 1980s.
• 1957 – INSEAD in France started the first MBA in Europe and pioneered the one-year MBA.
• 1963 – ESAN University Graduate School of Business in Lima, Peru, became the first Graduate Business School founded in Latin America. It was established under an agreement between the Government of the United States, Stanford Graduate School of Business and the Government of Peru.
• 1963 – The first MBA program in Australia was established by Melbourne Business School.
• 1965 – Following the 1963 Franks Report, the first business schools were established in UK universities, including Manchester and Durham.
• 1966 – London Business School and the University of Strathclyde opened the first MBA programs in the UK. Strathclyde was the first British university to offer the 1-year MBAs that would become standard in the UK.
• 1991 – IEDC-Bled School of Management in Slovenia became the first business school to offer an MBA program in Eastern Europe.
• Singapore Management University, first b-school in Singapore that received triple accreditation.

  Degrees

United States

• Associate degrees: Associate of Applied Business, Associate of Business Administration ;
• Bachelor's degrees: Bachelor of Business, Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Business ;
• Master's degrees: Master of Accounting, Master of Business Administration, Master of Science in Business Administration, Executive Mastery of Business Administration, Master of Engineering Management, Master of Science in Engineering Management, Master of Health Administration, Master of Health Care Administration, Master of Health Care Management, Master of Health Services Administration, Master of Science in Health Administration, Master of Science in Health Care Administration, Master of Hospitality Management, Master of International Business, Master of International Business Administration, Master of Management, Master of Manufacturing Management, Master of Professional Accounting, Master of Science in Management, Master of Tourism Management, Matey of Tourism and Hospitality Management ;
• Research doctorates: Doctor of Business Administration.

Europe

France

Case studies

1. Preparing case-specific questions to be answered by the student. This is used with short cases intended for Undergraduate students. The underlying concept is that such students need specific guidance to be able to analyze case studies.
2. Problem-solving analysis is the second method initiated by the Harvard Business School which is by far the most widely used method in MBA and executive development programs. The underlying concept is that with enough practice students develop intuitive skills for analyzing and resolving complex business situations. Successful implementation of this method depends heavily on the skills of the discussion leader.
3. A generally applicable strategic planning approach. This third method does not require students to analyze hundreds of cases. A strategic planning model is provided and students are instructed to apply the steps of the model to six – and up to a dozen cases – during a semester. This is sufficient to develop their ability to analyze a complex situation, generate a variety of possible strategies and to select the best ones. In effect, students learn a generally applicable approach to analyze cases studies and real situations. This approach does not make any extraordinary demands on the artistic and dramatic talents of the teacher. As a result, most professors are capable of supervising the application of this method.