Bulgarian pronouns
Bulgarian pronouns change according to gender, number, definiteness and case. Pronouns are classified as: personal, possessive, interrogative, demonstrative, reflexive, universal, negative, indefinite and relative.
Personal pronouns
In Bulgarian, there are two types of personal pronouns : long and short. The long ones are used with both verbs and prepositions, whereas the short ones only with verbs. In some special cases the long and the short forms of the object pronouns can be used together. As in English, personal pronouns change depending on their function within the sentence. In Bulgarian, personal pronouns change according to whether it is:- subject, or nominative case. Since number and person are marked on Bulgarian verbs, the subject pronouns are used only for emphasis or to resolve ambiguity.
- direct object, or accusative 'case. Direct object pronouns come in both long and short sets.
- indirect object, or dative case. Indirect object pronouns come in both long and short sets.
- object of a preposition. Only one set of pronouns.
Note that the short indirect object forms can also be used to indicate possession.
Reflexive pronouns
There are two kinds of reflexive pronouns : personal and possessive. Both have two forms: long and short. Reflexive pronouns do not decline for grammatical person. Personal reflexive pronouns have direct object and indirect object (dative) forms. Possessive reflexive pronouns agree in gender, number and definiteness only with the owned noun, not with the possessor. They are used when the subject of the verb owns the object. For example: "Аз виждам своя брат".Possessive pronouns
There are two types of possessive pronouns: long and short. The long pronouns agree in gender and number with the modified noun and usually precede it, the short forms are invariable and follow the noun.The long forms can be definite or indefinite " while "моята раница" means "the only rucksack of mine" or "the rucksack of mine of which we have already spoken, depending on whether the noun they modify is definite or indefinite, but only the first constituent of the definite noun phrase is used with an article. Both long and short forms can be used attributively, meanwhile only long forms can be used predicatively.
Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns agree in number and gender with the noun they refer to. There are three types of demonstrative pronouns: for persons and objects, for quality and for quantity. Each demonstrative can not only modify a noun, but also be used on its own. Personal demonstrative pronouns have two forms: for nouns that are close to the speaker or writer and for far nouns. Quality pronouns also have two forms: positive, that specifies that the noun has a particular quality and negative, that specifies that the noun doesn't have a particular quality or has a different one.The demonstrative pronoun for quantity толкова is used with nouns and adjectives. It both specifies the exact quantity of something – this many/this much, and indicates the large extent or degree of something – so .
Universal pronouns
There are three types of universal pronouns : personal, for quality and for quantity. They all agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Personal universal pronouns are used with both singular and plural nouns or on their own and mean all the things or people belonging to a group of one or more – '. Quality universal nouns are used for specifying that the noun they refer to possesses all kinds of qualities – all kinds/sorts/types of. Quantity universal pronouns are always definite and mean the whole number/amount of something – all . The indefinite neuter form also means everything.The universal pronouns for quantity are rarely used in singular. The adjective цял is used with a definite article instead: целият/целия, цялата, цялото.
Interrogative pronouns
Interrogative pronouns refer to an unknown person, object, quality or quantity and agree with the noun they denote in gender and number. Personal interrogative pronouns are also used with nonhuman beings. Quality interrogative pronouns are used for asking one to specify the word in question. They are translated in English as what/what kind of/what sort of. There is only one interrogative pronoun for quantity—колко—and it doesn't have any gender or number forms. It is used before plural nouns to ask about their quantity, and before an adjective or adverb to ask about the extent, degree, age, etc. of something or somebody.''*кой: when it refers to a person and is used without a noun, it also has an object form кого; however, кого is falling out of use and is increasingly often replaced with кой, especially in colloquial speech. For more information, see Bulgarian grammar # Remnants of grammatical cases.''
Relative pronouns
The relative pronouns are formed from the corresponding interrogative pronouns by adding -то to the end of the word. They are used for introducing a relative clause.''*който: when it refers to a person and is used without a noun, it also has an object form когото; however, когото is falling out of use and is increasingly often replaced with който, especially in colloquial speech. For more information, see Bulgarian grammar # Remnants of grammatical cases.''
Negative pronouns
There are three kinds of negative pronouns : personal, for quality and for quantity. Unlike in English, in Bulgarian the word for nothing is not only a negative pronoun – нищо, but also a neuter noun ; as a noun it can have a definite article – нищото.''*никой: when it refers to a person and is used without a noun, it also has an object form никого.''
Indefinite pronouns
There are three types of indefinite pronouns : personal, for quality and for quantity.. Unlike in English, in Bulgarian the word for something is not only an indefinite pronoun – нещо, but also a neuter noun ; as a noun it can have a definite article – нещото.''*някой: when it refers to a person and is used without a noun, it also has an object form някого; however, някого is falling out of use and is increasingly often replaced with някой, especially in colloquial speech. For more information, see Bulgarian grammar # Remnants of grammatical cases.''