Ball Square station
Ball Square station is a light rail station on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Green Line located at Ball Square in Somerville and Medford, Massachusetts. The accessible station has a single island platform serving the two tracks of the Medford Branch. It opened on December 12, 2022, as part of the Green Line Extension, which added two northern branches to the Green Line, and is served by the E branch.
The location was previously served by railroad stations. The Boston and Lowell Railroad opened Willow Bridge station at Cambridge Road by 1850. It was renamed North Somerville around 1878, and a new station building was constructed in the 1880s. The station was served by the Boston and Maine Railroad, successor to the B&L, until 1958. Extensions to the Green Line were proposed throughout the 20th century, most with North Somerville as one of the intermediate stations. A Ball Square station near the former station site was officially chosen for the GLX in 2008. Cost increases triggered a wholesale reevaluation of the GLX project in 2015, and a scaled-down station design was released in 2016. A design and construction contract was issued in 2017. Construction of Magoun Square station began in early 2020 and was largely completed by late 2021.
Station design
Ball Square station is located off Broadway near Boston Avenue at Ball Square on the border of Somerville and Medford. The Lowell Line runs roughly northwest–southeast through the station area, with the two-track Medford Branch of the Green Line on the south side of the Lowell Line tracks. The station has a single island platform, long and wide, between the Green Line tracks northwest of Broadway. A canopy covers the full length of the platform.The platform is high for accessible boarding on current light rail vehicles, and can be raised to for future level boarding with Type 9 and Type 10 LRVs; it is also provisioned for future extension to length. The tracks and platform are located level with Boston Avenue; the Broadway bridge arcs over the tracks. The main entrance is from the Broadway bridge, with a small footbridge to a headhouse structure; stairs plus an elevator for accessibility connect the headhouse to the southeast end of the platform. A secondary accessible entrance from Boston Avenue also connects to the southeast end, with a grade crossing of the inbound Green Line track.
A 50-space "Pedal and Park" bike cage is located along the entrance from Boston Avenue. The Ball Square Traction Power Substation is located next to the northwest end of the station along Boston Avenue. The remaining station frontage along Boston Avenue is reserved for future transit oriented development. Public art at the station includes Tour Jeté Series by Christine Vaillancourt – colored geometric glass forms located on the elevator tower – as well as historic images and views of Vaillancourt's artwork on panels on the station signs. MBTA bus routes stop on Broadway just west of Boston Avenue.
History
Railroad station
The Boston and Lowell Railroad opened through Somerville and Medford in 1835, although local passenger stops were not added until several years later. Willow Bridge station was open by 1850 at Cambridge Road on the border between the municipalities. It was named for the willow trees that lined nearby Winter Brook. The station was briefly renamed Cambridge Road in the early 1850s, but reverted to Willow Bridge by 1858. The station became an unloading point for cattle bound for the Brighton Abattoir; the railroad built a cattle station in 1859. The wooden bridge was replaced in 1868 with an iron bridge, which was in turn replaced in 1893.By 1874, the station was located on the west side of the tracks just north of Broadway. It was renamed North Somerville around 1878. The original station building was replaced with a small Queen Anne style station in the 1880s. In 1887, the B&L was leased by the Boston and Maine Railroad as its Southern Division. A southbound freight train derailed at the station on June 25, 1916, blocking the line for over 24 hours and attracting 10,000 onlookers.
Streetcars consolidated under the Boston Elevated Railway, then automobiles, cut sharply into local railroad traffic. All stops south of North Somerville were closed by the late 1940s. On April 18, 1958, the Public Utilities Commission approved a vast set of cuts to B&M commuter service, including the closure of North Somerville, Tufts College, and Medford Hillside stations. The three stations were closed on May 18, 1958, amid the first of a series of cuts. The station building, modified for other uses, remained standing until the 1990s.
Green Line Extension
Previous plans
The Boston Elevated Railway opened Lechmere station in 1922 as a terminal for streetcar service in the Tremont Street subway. That year, with the downtown subway network and several radial lines in service, the BERy indicated plans to build three additional radial subways: one paralleling the Midland Branch through Dorchester, a second branching from the Boylston Street subway to run under Huntington Avenue, and a third extending from Lechmere Square northwest through Somerville.The Report on Improved Transportation Facilities, published by the Boston Division of Metropolitan Planning in 1926, proposed extension from Lechmere to North Cambridge via the Southern Division and the 1870-built cutoff. Consideration was also given to extension past North Cambridge over the Lexington Branch, and to a branch following the Southern Division from Somerville Junction to Woburn.
In 1945, a preliminary report from the state Coolidge Commission recommended nine suburban rapid transit extensions – most similar to the 1926 plan – along existing railroad lines. These included an extension from Lechmere to Woburn over the Southern Division, rather than using the Fitchburg Cutoff. North Somerville was to be among the intermediate stations. The 1962 North Terminal Area Study recommended that the elevated Lechmere–North Station segment be abandoned. The Main Line was to be relocated along the B&M Western Route; it would have a branch following the Southern Division to Arlington or Woburn.
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority was formed in 1964 as an expansion of the Metropolitan Transit Authority to subsidize suburban commuter rail service, as well as to construct rapid transit extensions to replace some commuter rail lines. In 1965, as part of systemwide rebranding, the Tremont Street subway and its connecting lines became the Green Line. The 1966 Program for Mass Transportation, the MBTA's first long-range plan, listed a short extension from Lechmere to Washington Street as an immediate priority, with a second phase reaching to or.
The 1972 final report of the Boston Transportation Planning Review listed a Green Line extension from Lechmere to Ball Square as a lower priority, as did several subsequent planning documents. In 1980, the MBTA began a study of the "Green Line Northwest Corridor", with extension past Lechmere one of its three topic areas. Extensions to Tufts University or were considered.
Station planning
In 1991, the state agreed to build a set of transit projects as part of an agreement with the Conservation Law Foundation, which had threatened a lawsuit over auto emissions from the Central Artery/Tunnel Project. Among these projects was a "Green Line Extension To Ball Square/Tufts University", to be complete by the end of 2011. No progress was made until an updated agreement was signed in 2005. The Beyond Lechmere Northwest Corridor Study, a Major Investment Study/alternatives analysis, was published in 2005. The analysis studied a variety of light rail, bus rapid transit, and commuter rail extensions, most of which included a Ball Square station near the former North Somerville station site. The highest-rated alternatives all included an extension to West Medford with Ball Square as one of the intermediate stations.The Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation and Public Works submitted an Expanded Environmental Notification Form to the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs in October 2006. The EENF identified a Green Line extension with Medford and Union Square branches as the preferred alternative. Planned station sites for the Green Line Extension were announced in May 2008. Locations at both Broadway and Harvard Street were considered for Ball Square station. The Broadway site was chosen due to its proximity to Ball Square, more public support, and better station spacing. An alternative with a tunnel from Ball Square to via Powderhouse Square and Clarendon Hill was analyzed later in 2008. It was found to be technically feasible but not cost-effective.
The Draft Environmental Impact Report, released in October 2009, concurred with the Broadway site, noting also the connections available to the route 80 and 89 buses. Preliminary plans in the DEIR called for the station to have a single island platform northwest of Broadway. A two-level headhouse with stairs, two escalators, and four elevators would have entrances from a plaza on Boston Avenue and from the Broadway bridge. A Ball Square commuter rail station – either in addition to a Green Line station or in lieu of it – was listed as a possibility in 2012 as an interim air quality mitigation measure in response to delays in building the Green Line Extension. However, such a station would have been costly to build and could not have been completed by the 2015 deadline, and was thus not supported by MassDOT.
Updated plans shown in June 2011 changed the headhouse exterior and modified the emergency exit from the northwest end of the platform. Plans presented in February 2012 added a bike cage, a traction power substation, and a drop-off area for The Ride at the lower plaza. By late 2012, the portion of the Medford Branch from Gilman Square station to College Avenue was expected to be completed by June 2019. A further update in June 2013 moved the headhouse back from Broadway to avoid a buried NStar power distribution line that had not been previously known. The substation was set back from Boston Avenue to leave room for future transit oriented development, while part of the plaza became sloped terraces. Design was then paused while Phase 2/2A stations were prioritized, as they were scheduled to open sooner than the rest of the GLX. Design resumed in fall 2014 and reached 90% by May 2015.