13th century in philosophy
This is a timeline of philosophy in the 13th century.
Events
- 1204 – The Franciscan Order is formed by Francis of Assisi which would later have a major impact on Christian philosophy.
- 1210 – The bishops of Paris ban the teaching of Aristotle's natural philosophy at the University of Paris.
- 1222 – The University of Padua is established, which became an important center of philosophy in Europe in the following centuries.
- 1228 – Dōgen introduces Sōtō Zen to Japan.
- 1242 – A mathematical device named the Tusi couple is developed by al-Tusi which challenges Ptolemaic ideas.
- 1248 – The Dominican Order establishes a studium generale in Germany, promoting the study of theology and scholastic thought in Europe.
- 1258 – The public academy and intellectual center, the House of Wisdom is destroyed during the siege of Baghdad.
- 1250 – The oldest recorded usage of a movable type printed a Buddhist text called Sangjeong Gogeum Yemun in Korea which was carried out by Ch'oe Yun-ŭi.
- 1270 – Led by Bishop Étienne Tempier, the Church condemns 13 propositions derived from Aristotelian and Averroist philosophies from being taught at the University of Paris.
- 1263 – The Disputation of Barcelona takes place where Nahmanides, leading Jewish scholar debates Pablo Christiani, a Jewish converso and Dominican friar over whether Jesus was the Jewish messiah.
- 1277 – Reaffirming earlier condemnations by the University of Paris, they denounce 219 propositions from many sources, including the works of Thomas Aquinas.
Publications
Metaphysique et Noetique by Albertus MagnusLiber de causis proprietatum elementorum by Albertus MagnusKethabha dhe-Bhabhatha by Bar HebraeusQuaternuli by David of DinantDe regimine principum by Giles of RomeSumma quaestionum ordinarium by Henry of GhentQuodlibeta Theologica by Henry of GhentTagmulei haNefesh by Hillel ben SamuelFuṣūṣ Al-Ḥikam by Ibn ArabiAl-Tanqīḥāt fī Sharḥ al-Talwīḥāt by Ibn Kammunaal-Masāʼil al-Ṣiqilliyya by Ibn Sab'inTractatus de divisione potentiarum animae by John of la RochelleLogica by Lambert of AuxerreZohar by Moses de LeónAkhlāq-i Nāsirī by Nasir al-Din al-TusiRissho Ankoku Ron by NichirenSummulae Logicales by Peter of SpainSumma de bono by Philip the ChancellorConciliator differentiarum quae inter philosophos et medicos versantur by Pietro d'AbanoAshtadasa Rahasyangal by Pillai LokacharyaArs Magna by Ramon LlullArs compendiosa inveniendi veritatem by Ramon LlullArs demonstrativa by Ramon LlullArs inventiva veritatis by Ramon LlullArt amativa by Ramon LlullLectura super figuras Artis demonstrativae by Ramon LlullDe luce by Robert GrossetesteDe tempore by Robert KilwardbyDe spiritu fantastico sive de receptione specierum by Robert KilwardbyQuaestiones supra libros Ethicorum by Robert KilwardbyQuaestiones in librum primum Sententiarum by Robert KilwardbyQuaestiones in librum secundum Sententiarum by Robert KilwardbyQuaestiones in librum tertium Sententiarum by Robert KilwardbyQuaestiones in librum quartum Sententiarum by Robert KilwardbyDe ortu scientiarum by Robert KilwardbyOpus Majus by Roger BaconOpus Minus by Roger BaconOpus Tertium by Roger BaconSumma Grammatica by Roger BaconSumma de sophismatibus et distinctionibus by Roger BaconSummulae dialectics by Roger BaconDe multiplictione specierum by Roger BaconCommunia naturalium by Roger BaconEpistola de secretis operibus naturae et de nullitate magiae by Roger BaconCompendium studii philosophiae by Roger BaconEpistola de secretis operibus naturae et de nullitate magiae by Roger BaconIggeret ha-Wikkuaḥ by Shem-Tov ibn FalaqueraTractatus de anima intellectiva by Siger of BrabantQuaestiones logicales by Siger of BrabantQuaestiones naturales by Siger of BrabantDe aeternitate mundi by Siger of BrabantQuaestio utrum haec sit vera: Homo est animal nullo homine existente by Siger of BrabantImpossibilia by Siger of Brabant- Summa Theologicae by Thomas AquinasSumma contra Gentiles by Thomas AquinasQuaestiones Disputatae de Veritate by Thomas AquinasScriptum super libros sententiarum Petri Lombardi by Thomas AquinasDe ente et essentia by Thomas AquinasQuaestiones disputatae de potentia Dei by Thomas AquinasIn libros posteriorum Analyticorum expositio by Thomas AquinasIn libros De anima expositio by Thomas AquinasIn librum De sensu et sensato expositio by Thomas AquinasIn librum De memoria et reminiscentia expositio by Thomas AquinasSuper librum De causis expositio by Thomas AquinasDe unitate intellectus, contra Averroistas by Thomas AquinasIn libros Meteorologicorum expositio by Thomas AquinasQuaestiones disputatae de virtutibus by Thomas Aquinas Quaestiones disputatae de malo by Thomas Aquinas Sapientiale by Thomas of York De summo bono by Ulrich of Strasbourg
- Shatadushani by Vendanta Desika Mimamsa Paduka by Vendanta Desika Tattva Mukta Kalapa by Vendanta Desika Perspectiva by VitelloSumma aurea by William of Auxerre
Births
- 1200 – Albertus Magnus, German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop.
- 1200 – Dōgen, Japanese Zen Buddhist monk, writer, poet, and philosopher.
- 1200 – William of Saint-Amour, French scholastic philosopher and theologian.
- 1200 – John of La Rochelle, French Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
- 1201 - Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian polymath.
- 1201 – Richard de Fournival, French philosopher and trouvère.
- 1205 – Pillai Lokacharya, Indian philosopher.
- 1215 – Ibn Kammuna, Iraqi Jewish physician and philosopher.
- 1215 – Pope John XXI, bishop of Rome and head of Catholic Church,.
- 1215 – Robert Kilwardby, English Archbishop of Canterbury, cardinal, and scholar.
- 1215 – William of Moerbeke, Flemish Dominican cleric and translator.
- 1217 – Henry of Ghent, Belgian scholastic philosopher.
- 1219/20 - Roger Bacon, English polymath and Franciscan friar.
- 1220 – Thomas of York, Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher.
- 1220 – Hillel ben Samuel, Italian Jewish physician, philosopher, and Talmudist.
- 1221 – Bonaventure, Italian Franciscan bishop, cardinal, theologian, and philosopher.
- 1222 – Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher.
- 1225 - Thomas Aquinas, Italian Dominican friar, priest, philosopher, and theologian.
- 1225 – Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera, Sephardic Jewish philosopher, poet, and commentator.
- 1225 – Ulrich of Strasbourg, German Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher.
- 1226 – Bar Hebraeus, Syrian polymath.
- 1230 – Vitello, Polish friar, theologian, and natural philosopher.
- 1232 - Ramon Llull, Spanish philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, and Christian apologist.
- 1240 – Siger of Brabant, Belgian philosopher.
- 1240 – Matthew of Aquasparta, Italian Franciscan friar and philosopher.
- 1240 – Abraham Abulafia, Sephardic Jewish philosopher and writer.
- 1243 – Giles of Rome, Italian philosopher and theologian.
- 1243 – Narahari Tirtha, Indian philosopher, scholar, and statesman.
- 1246 - Henry Bate of Mechelen, Brabantian philosopher, theologian, astronomer, astrologer, poet, and musician.
- 1248 – Peter John Olivi, French Franciscan theologian and philosopher.
- 1249 – Richard of Middleton, French or English Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher.
- 1250 – Theodoric of Freiberg, German Dominican priest, philosopher, theologian, and physicist.
- 1257 – Pietro d'Abano, Italian philosopher, astrologer, and professor.
- 1260 – Simon of Faversham, English scholastic philosopher and university chancellor.
- 1260 – Meister Eckhart, German Catholic priest, theologian, philosopher, and mystic.
- 1260 – Vital du Four, French Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher.
- 1265 – Dante, Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.
- 1265/66 - Duns Scotus, Scottish Catholic priest and Franciscan friar, professor, philosopher, and theologian.
- 1268 - Vedanta Desika, Indian polymath.
- 1269 – Vidyadhiraja Tirthu, Indian Hindu philosopher, dialectician, and the seventh pontiff of Madhvacharya Peetha.
- 1270 - Abner of Burgos, Sephardic Jewish philosopher and polemical writer.
- 1270 – Alexander Bonini, Italian Franciscan friar and philosopher.
- 1270 – Theodore Metochites, Byzantine Greek statesman, author, philosopher, and patron.
- 1270 – Radulphus Brito, French grammarian and philosopher.
- 1275 – Sant Dnyaneshwar, Indian saint, poet, philosopher, and yogi.
- 1275 – Durandus of Saint-Pourçain, French Dominican, philosopher, theologian, and bishop.
- 1275 – Walter Burley, English scholastic philosopher and logician.
- 1280 – Francis of Meyronnes, French scholastic philosopher.
- 1280 – Petrus Aureoli, Italian scholastic philosopher and theologian.
- 1282 – Akshobhya Tirtha, Indian philosopher, scholar, and theologian.
- 1285 – John of Jandun, French philosopher, theologian, and political writer.
- 1287 - William of Ockham, English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and theologian.
- 1290 – Walter Chatton, English scholastic philosopher and theologian.
- 1290 – Francis of Marchia, Italian Franciscan theologian and philosopher.
- 1290 – Robert Holcot, English Dominican scholastic philosopher and theologian.
- 1290 – Narayana Panditacharya, Indian scholar and philosopher.
- 1293 – Judah ben Moses Romano, Italian Jewish philosopher and translator.
Deaths
- 1200 – Zhu Xi, Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician.
- 1202 – Joachim of Fiore, Italian Christian theologian, Catholic abbot, and the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore.
- 1202/03 – Alain de Lille, French theologian, philosopher, professor, and poet.
- 1204 – Maimonides, Sephardic Jewish rabbi, philosopher, astronomer, and physician.
- 1209 – Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian polymath.
- 1210 – Jinul, Korean monk.
- 1212 – Hōnen, Japanese religious reformer and progenitor of Jōdo Buddhism.
- 1215 – Ralph of Longchamp, English scholastic philosopher, natural philosopher, and physician.
- 1217 – David of Dinat, Belgian pantheistic philosopher.
- 1217 – Ibn Sab'in, Andalusi Arab philosopher.
- 1225 – Urso of Calabria, Italian philosopher and author.
- 1231 – William of Auxerre, French scholastic philosopher and theologian.
- 1230 – Samuel ibn Tibbon, French Jewish philosopher and physician.
- 1235 – Zhen Dexiu, Chinese politician and philosopher.
- 1240 – Ibn Arabi, Andalusi Arab scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher.
- 1242 – George Pachymeres, Byzantine Greek historian, philosopher, music theorist and miscellaneous writer.
- 1243 – Haymo of Faversham, English Franciscan scholar and professor.
- 1245 – Alexander of Hales, Franciscan friar, theologian, and scholastic philosopher.
- 1245 – John of La Rochelle, French Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
- 1248 – Ibn Kammuna, Iraqi Jewish physician and philosopher.
- 1248 – John Blund, English scholastic philosopher.
- 1249 – William of Auvergne, French theologian and philosopher.
- 1253 – Robert Grosseteste, English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist, and bishop.
- 1253 – Dōgen, Japanese Zen Buddhist monk, writer, poet, and philosopher.
- 1259 – Roland of Cremona, Italian Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher.
- 1260 – Richard de Fournival, French philosopher and trouvère.
- 1260 – Aaron ben Joseph of Constantinople, teacher, philosopher, physician, and liturgical poet.
- 1262 – Altheides, Cypriot philosopher.
- 1263 – Shinran, Japanese Buddhist monk.
- 1270 – Nachmanides, Catalonian Jewish scholar, rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator.
- 1274 - Thomas Aquinas, Italian Dominican friar, priest, philosopher, theologian, and a jurist in scholasticism.
- 1274 - Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian polymath.
- 1275 – Shemariah of Negropont, Greek-Jewish philosopher and Biblical exegete.
- 1277 – Ulrich of Strasbourg, German Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher.
- 1279 – Robert Kilwardby, English Archbishop of Canterbury, cardinal, and scholar.
- 1260 – Richard Rufus, Cornish Franciscan scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
- 1280 – Albertus Magnus, German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop.
- 1280 – Vitello, Polish friar, theologian, and natural philosopher.
- 1282 – Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher.
- 1286 – Bar Hebraeus, Syrian polymath.
- 1286 – William of Moerbeke, Flemish Dominican cleric, philosopher, and translator.
- 1292 - Roger Bacon, English polymath and Franciscan friar.
- 1293 – Henry of Ghent, Belgian scholastic philosopher.
- 1294 – Bartholomew of Bologna, Italian Franciscan scholastic philosopher.
- 1295 – Hillel ben Samuel, Italian Jewish physician, philosopher, and Talmudist.
- 1296 – Sant Dnyaneshwar, Indian saint, poet, philosopher, and yogi.
- 1298 – Peter John Olivi, French Franciscan theologian and philosopher.