1292

Events

Shanghai County is established.
Kublai Khan sends a Mongol expeditionary force to Java. He collects an invasion fleet with some 500–1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year from Fujian, Jiangxi and Huguang in southern China. The fleet travels past Champa and the Karimata Islands. The Mongols land on Java, taking the capital of Kediri, but it proves impossible to hold.
King Mangrai the Great of Ngoenyang conquers and annexes the Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai, creating a political union in the form of the Lan Na Kingdom.
The Vaghela dynasty in Gujarat is subjugated by the Deccan Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Daulatabad.

November 17 - John Balliol is selected by King Edward I of England as ruler of Scotland at Berwick from among 13 competitors for the Crown of Scotland. Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal state, provoking the Wars of Scottish Independence, commencing in 1296. John is crowned at Scone on November 30. Scotland's castles are returned to the powerful magnates.
December - John Balliol is summoned by Edward I to Westminster to answer an appeal by Macduff of Fife against a judgment imposed on him by the Scottish Parliament. John refuses to answer Macduff's appeal, 'without consulting the people of his realm'. Edward asks for compensation for the violation of English law and demands to hand him over three Scottish castles as repayment for the crime committed.

May 5 - The College of Electors select Adolf, count of Nassau, as the new King of the Romans and successor of Habsburg Rudolf I who had died the previous year. Adolf is forced to make wide-ranging concessions to the Electors to get elected. He is crowned king on June 24 in Aachen by the Archbishop of Cologne.
June 24 - Castilian forces led by King Sancho IV begin the siege of Tarifa: eleven newly built engines bombard the city constantly by land and sea. Meanwhile, Muhammad II, Nasrid ruler of Granada, provides the army of Sancho with men, arms and also aids the blockade in the Strait of Gibraltar. Muhammad attacks Marinid outposts and his forces seize Estepona on the coast to the west of Málaga. Sancho conquers Tarifa after a siege of four months, on October 13.
December - Muhammad II sends ambassadors to the Castilian court to ask Sancho IV to surrender Tarifa. Sancho refuses to yield the city to Granada and Muhammad, feeling betrayed, switches sides to form an alliance with the Marinids.

Mamluk forces under Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil accompanied by his vizier Ibn al-Sal'us arrive in Damascus. Khalil travels via Aleppo to besiege the castle of Rumkale, the official seat of Stephen IV, patriarch of Armenia. The Mamluks besiege the castle with more than 30 catapults and capture it after 30 days.
Al-Ashraf Khalil returns to Damascus and assembles an army to attack Sis, the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. An Armenian embassy arrives in Damascus, and reaches a settlement with Khalil. The cities of Til Hemdun, Marash and Behesni are given to the Mamluks in order to maintain peace.
November - Michael II becomes Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch.

Spring - The Taxatio Ecclesiastica, compiled in 1291–1292, is completed under the order of Pope Nicholas IV. It is a detailed database valuation for ecclesiastical taxation of English, Welsh and Irish churches.
April 4 - Nicholas IV dies after a 4-year pontificate in Rome. The cardinals assemble at Perugia to elect a new pope.

February 6 - William VII, Italian nobleman and knight
February 10 - Maurice VI de Craon, French nobleman
February 28 - Hugh de Courtenay, English nobleman
April 4 - Nicholas IV, Italian pope of the Catholic Church
April 16 - Thibaud Gaudin, French nobleman and Grand Master
May 2 - Conrad II, German nobleman
May 8 - Amato Ronconi, Italian monk, hermit and saint
June 2 - Rhys ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman and prince
July 24 - Kinga of Poland, Hungarian princess and abbess
September 25 - Alice of Saluzzo, Countess of Arundel, Savoyan noblewoman and co-ruler
September 30 - William I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German nobleman and co-ruler
October 3 - Benvenuta Bojani, Italian nun, mystic and saint
October 14 - John of Flanders, Flemish nobleman and prince-bishop
October 20 - Saionji Kisshi, empress of Japan
October 25 - Robert Burnell, English bishop and chancellor
November 4 - Euphrosyne of Opole, Polish noblewoman and regent
December 8 - John Peckham, English archbishop and writer
Abraham Abulafia, Spanish scholar, philosopher and writer
As-Suwaydi, Syrian physician, pharmacologist and writer
Beatrice of Savoy, Lady of Villena, Savoyan noblewoman
Bernard of Trilia, French monk, theologian and philosopher
Darmabala, Mongolian nobleman
Gertrude of Hackeborn, German noblewoman and abbess
Guiraut Riquier de Narbona, French troubadour and writer
Ingeborg of Sweden, Swedish princess
Marjorie, Countess of Carrick, Scottish noblewoman
Roger Bacon, English monk, philosopher and scientist