Yongsan District
Yongsan District is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It has a population of 231,685 and has a geographic area of, and is divided into 19 dong. Yongsan is located near Downtown Seoul, on the northern bank of the Han River, bordering the city districts of Jung to the north, Mapo to the west, Yeongdeungpo and Dongjak to the southwest, Seocho and Gangnam District to the southeast, and Seongdong to the east.
Description
Yongsan District is a district in central Seoul, South Korea. It sits to the north of the Han River and is part of the Seongjeosimni area immediately south of Seoul's historic center in Jung district on the southern side of Namsan. It is home to roughly 250,000 people and is divided into 20 dong, or neighborhoods. Notable locations in Yongsan District include Yongsan Station, the sprawling Yongsan Electronics Market, Haebangchon and the Itaewon commercial district. Itaewon is widely known as one of the most ethnically diverse regions in Korea. Many foreigners gravitate to its shopping centers and nightlife.It is the site of Yongsan Garrison, a large United States military base which, as of 2021, has gradually been wound down with the US forces being moved to Camp Humphreys in Pyeongtaek.
Geography
Yongsan is located next to the Han River, with level ground in the west of the district which has been used for transportation and commercial use since the early 20th century. To the east and north in the land is steeper and rises towards Namsan which lies to the north. Namsan has an elevation of 243m and consists mostly of granite. The low lying western section of the district is approximately 15-20 above sea level. This low-lying area has been prone to flooding during periods of heavy rainfall, a common issue with most of the low lying riverside districts in the city.Etymology
The name Yongsan derives from hanja and means "Dragon Mountain". In hanja, the characters are 龍 yong and 山 san.History
The oldest recorded mention of Yongsan is in a fable about two dragons that appeared over the Han River in the 21st year of King Giru's reign during the Baekje Dynasty. Some also say that the name "Yongsan" comes from the shape of the area's mountains, which resemble that of a dragon.During the Joseon period, Yongsan served as an entry point to the city of Seoul for seaborne travelers and merchants, with a small port facility in operation by the Han River. As such, the area became known for commerce and is considered the first example of capitalism taking place in Korea. Given its commercial importance and growing size, it effectively became Korea's first satellite city as it sat a short distance outside the old city walls of Seoul.
Yongsan was designated an "open district" by the Korean government in 1884 and subsequently a foreign community established itself in the area, consisting of French, Chinese and Japanese missionaries. Permission was given for missionary work to commence in 1887.
Yongsan District, as an administrative district, came into being on April 17, 1896, under the name "Yongsan-bang". In October 1945 it became "Yongsan-gu" and in 1946 "Yongsan District of Seoul." The smaller administrative units, "dongs", were introduced in 1955.
Administration
Administrative divisions
Yongsan is divided into the following areas, each of which is served by a community center.- Bogwang-dong
- Cheongpa-dong
- *Seogye-dong
- Hangangno-dong
- Hannam-dong
- Huam-dong
- Hyochang-dong
- Ichon 1-dong
- Ichon 2-dong
- Itaewon 1-dong
- Itaewon 2-dong
- Namyeong-dong
- *Dongja-dong
- *Garwol-dong
- Seobinggo-dong
- *Dongbinggo-dong
- *Juseong-dong
- Wonhyoro 1-dong
- *Munbae-dong
- *Singye-dong
- Wonhyoro 2-dong
- Wonhyoro 3-dong
- Wonhyoro 4-dong
- *Sancheon-dong
- *Sinchang-dong
- *Cheongam-dong
- Yongmun-dong
- *Dowon-dong
- Yongsan 2 ga-dong
Local government
Demographics
Since the establishment of a foreign community in Yongsan in the late 19th century, the area has been known as the most multicultural district in the city. This moniker was due in no small part to the presence of the Yongsan Garrison. However, other establishments such as the Seoul Central Mosque have had a huge effect on the culture and demographic nature of the district. According to statistics from the Yongsan district office, the foreign community has been increasing every year since 2015, when the total number of foreign residents was 19,078. As of 2020, it was 21,067.| Foreign Residents | |
| USA | 4,719 |
| China | 3,202 |
| Japan | 1,295 |
| Philippines | 635 |
| Nigeria | 556 |
| Germany | 462 |
| UK | 331 |
| India | 414 |
| Taiwan | 352 |
| Other | 9,101 |
| Total | 21,067 |
Politics and government
The headquarters of the Korean Ministry of National Defense are located in Yongsan, in between the northern and southern sections of Yongsan Garrison, close to Samgakji station.Currently, the official residence and executive office of the President of South Korea is in Yongsan, occupying the building formerly known as the Ministry of National Defense Building. The Presidential office and residence, as well as other related agencies, were moved from the Blue House in Jongno District in 2022, during the term of President Yoon Suk-Yeol.
Diplomatic missions
Being at the center of the city, the district hosts numerous foreign embassies.Military
Since the 19th century the Yongsan site has been used as a military installation, first by the Chinese and then primarily by the Japanese who established their military headquarters at the site from 1910 to 1945.Following the end of WW2, the US Army established a presence at the site which became known as the Yongsan Garrison. The large garrison, which has provided extensive services to US army personnel for over 60 years, is also the site of the US embassy housing compound. Forces and personnel assigned to Yongsan and South Korea as a whole fall under the jurisdiction of the Eighth US Army. As of 2021, most of the US personnel at the site, with the exception of embassy personnel, have been moved to Camp Humphreys in Pyeongtaek, along with Eighth Army HQ, as part of a long-standing agreement between the governments of South Korea and the United States. However, given its strategic importance and its symbolic nature in reassuring South Korea of US commitment to mutual defence and security, at least one US army brigade will remain to the north of Seoul to counteract the loss of the Yongsan Garrison. In addition, a small segment of the garrison will remain under US-ownership specifically to keep the Dragon Hill Lodge open, an important piece of infrastructure catering mainly to US military, government and associated personnel visiting Korea, and to eventually relocate the US Embassy here from its current location at Gwanghwamun.
The presence of the Yongsan Garrison has had a significant effect on life in Seoul and South Korea at large, with the adjacent Itaewon area developing to serve the needs of US personnel stationed at Yongsan. The presence of US personnel, currency and supplies was of huge importance to the people of Seoul in the early years after the Korean War and a considerable black market developed, as did numerous variations of Korean staple dishes using newly arrived US food supplies.
National Park Proposal
The withdrawal of most US personnel and infrastructure from Yongsan will free up a significant amount of land within the district, land which has been under foreign control for over a century. The first proposal for redeveloping the site came from the former president Roh Moo-Hyun in 2005.Since then, negotiations between South Korea and the US over transfer of the land have taken place with the issue of relocating to Pyeongtaek and contamination of the Yongsan site causing delays to the plan.
As envisaged in late 2019, the site will become an ecological park of some 3.03 million sq. meters, slightly smaller than Central Park in New York.
In January 2021 the Seoul Metropolitan Government announced that the area would be called Yongsan Park. The name was chosen after a poll in which residents submitted 9,401 name proposals in 2020.
Economy
Yongsan has a diverse economy with major differences between areas within the district.The area around Seoul Station and Yongsan Station is dominated by large corporations and KOSPI 200 companies based in Yongsan include Amore Pacific, Orion Confectionery, Cheil Worldwide, HYBE Corporation and Hyundai Development Company. The aforementioned AmorePacific opened their global headquarters next to Shinyongsan Station in 2017.
The Yongsan area has seen considerable development since the mid-2010s with the addition of upmarket apartment buildings are high grade office space. On the west side of Yongsan is Seoul Dragon City, a new multi-tenant hotel development which is planned as the first phase of a major redevelopment project on the site of the disused railroad marshaling yard. The development includes four hotels run by three hotel chains: Novotel, Mercure and Ibis.
Hannam-dong is an upmarket area to the east of the district and is the location of some of the most expensive real estate in Seoul, along with galleries and restaurants.
Finally, Namsan, situated to the north, is a major tourist hotspot although Namsan Tower itself is located in Jung-Gu, not Yongsan.