Lyuh Woon-hyung


Lyuh Woon-hyung, also known by his art name Mongyang, was a Korean independence activist and reunification activist.
Lyuh was a prominent figure in the Korean Provisional Government and participated in the creation of the February 8 Declaration of Independence during the Japanese colonial period. He is rare among politicians in modern Korean history for being revered in both South and North Korea.
WWW mongyang.org

Biography

Lyuh was born in 1886 in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi Province, Joseon. He was born into the Hamyang Yeo clan to father Yŏ Chŏng-hyŏn. At around age 14, he married Yu Se-yŏng, but she died, and he remarried to Jin Sang-ha.
In 1900, Lyuh enrolled in the Western-style Pai Chai School. Soon afterwards, he switched to studying at the and Umu School. In 1907, he became involved in the National Debt Repayment Movement, part of the Korean independence movement. Also around then, he became a Protestant and became associated with the American missionary Charles Allen Clark. Through his relationship with Clark and Christianity, he became active in intellectual circles in Korea of the time.
With assistance with Clark, he found the Kidok Kwangdong School in 1909. In 1910, Lyuh dramatically parted from Korean tradition by freeing slaves owned by his household. In 1911, Lyuh enrolled in Pyongyang Presbyterian Theological Seminary.
In 1914, Lyuh went to China, where he studied English literature at a university in Nanjing. In 1917, he moved to Shanghai. While in China, he became significantly involved in the Korean independence movement. In 1918, he established what eventually became the. That year, he also led the.
In 1919, Lyuh participated in the creation of the February 8 Declaration of Independence in Tokyo. This declaration is considered a direct precursor to the Korean Declaration of Independence which began the landmark March First Movement protests in Korea. Concurrently, he participated in efforts to send Korean representatives to the 1919–1920 Paris Peace Conference, in hopes that they could advocate for Korean independence there.
In April 1919, Lyuh became one of the founders of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. He would serve in a variety of roles in the government, such as being a member of the organization's. He also established a Korean school called in Shanghai around this time. That year, he also visited Japan and met with several high-ranking Japanese politicians, during which he advocated for Korea's independence.
In 1920, he joined the Korean Communist Party and became active in its Shanghai and Irkutsk chapters. In 1922, he attended the Congress of the Peoples of the East in Moscow. In Moscow, he met with Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin. That year, he also organized the alongside Kim Ku and. In 1925, at the recommendation of Sun Yat-sen, he joined the Chinese Nationalist Party and worked to improve Sino-Korean ties. In 1929, he was arrested by Japanese authorities in Shanghai and sentenced to three years in prison.
In 1932, he was released from prison. In 1933, he became the head of the newspaper. In 1934, he became head of the Joseon Sports Council. In 1936, he was forced by Japanese authorities to step down from his position at the newspaper, after he became involved in the Sohn Kee-chung uniform scandal. During the scandal, Korean newspapers erased the Japanese flag from of images of Sohn, the first ethnic Korean to win an Olympic gold medal. In 1942, he was arrested on charges of violating the Peace Preservation Law and sentenced to a year in prison and three years of probation.
In 1944, in anticipation of Japan's defeat in World War II, Lyuh organized the secret and served as its chairman. The organization expanded across Korea and allied itself with other Korean nationalist organizations.
Just before the surrender of Japan in August 1945, the Japanese official Endo Ryusaku established contact with Lyuh and agreed on the release of prisoners and the Japanese withdrawal from Korea. On the 17 August, Lyuh established the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence which created over 140 subsections in North and South Korea by the end of August.
On 6 September 1945, Lyuh proclaimed the People's Republic of Korea with Lyuh as Chairman of the National People's Representative Conference. When the United States landed on the Korean Peninsula two days later, General Hodge did not recognize the government of the People's Republic of Korea that Lyuh Woon Hyung established. In October, he stepped down under pressure from the United States Military Government, and organized the People's Party of Korea, and became its chairman. For the following months of the anti-trusteeship movement and other political changes, Lyuh took a line of action in concert with the communists.
When a movement to unify the political left and the political right arose in May 1946, Lyuh represented the center-left. However, Lyuh's political stance was attacked by both the extreme right and the extreme left, and his efforts to pursue a centrist position was made increasingly untenable by the political realities of the time.

Death

On 19 July 1947, Lyuh was assassinated in Seoul by a 19-year-old man named Han Chi-geun, who fled from North Korea and was an active member of a right-wing terrorist group, the White Shirts Society. Lyuh's death was widely mourned.

Timeline

  • 1894 – Moved to Danyang, Chungcheongbuk-do and returned to Myogok after two years.
  • 1900 – Enrolled in the Baejae School
  • 1901 – Transferred to Heung-hwa School.
  • 1902 – Entered school attached to the Correspondent bureau.
  • 1903 – Spouse died in August. Grandfather died in October.
  • 1905 – Mother died.
  • 1906 – Father died.
  • 1907 – Became Christian. Founded Gwang-dong school in Yangpyeong.
  • 1908 – Founded branch of National Debt Repayment Movement in Yangpyeong and toured to speech about it.
  • 1910 – Became a teacher of Chodang Uisuk of Gangneung.
  • 1911 – Had been fired from school because of rejecting Japanese era name. Entered to Pyongyang seminarium and studied to 2 years
  • 1914 – Entered the English literature course of Jinling University in Nanjing, studied 3 years.
  • 1917 – Got a job of travel Agent at Xiehe bookstore in Shanghai and helped Koreans in passage procedure. Met Sun Yat-sen. In summer, returned to Korea in private. Fled to China with Lee Beom-seok.
  • 1918 – Founded New Korea Youth Party in Shanghai and had been appointed to the leader.
  • 1919 – Became deputy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai.
  • 27 November 1919 – Visited Japan and had a speech at the Imperial Hotel about Right to life of Koreans.
  • 1920 – Joined the Koryŏ Communist Party in Shanghai and became a translation committee member and propaganda agent.
  • 1921 – Established "Korea-China Cooperated company" in Shanghai.
  • January 1922 – Participated in "Conference for Oppressed people of the Far East" in Moscow. Met Vladimir Lenin and discussed about anti-imperialism movement in Korea. in October, Organized "Hanguk Nobyunghoe" with Kim Ku, Son jung-do etc.
  • 1924 – Became a special member of the Chinese Communist Party
  • July 1929 – Became coach of the soccer team of Fudan University and went to the Southeast Asia for educational travel with players. While in travel he made a speech of Anti-Imperialism at the Philippines, Singapore etc. Arrested by Japanese police in Shanghai and taken to Korea. Had been sentenced to imprisonment for 3 years.
  • November 1932 – Had been released on parole from the prison of Daejeon.
  • February 1933 – Became the president of the Chungang Daily News.
  • 1934 – Became chairman of the "Korea Sports Council".
  • 1935 – Set up the gravestone in Yi Sun-sin graveyard of Asan.
  • August 1936 – Chungang Daily News ceased publication eternally for removing Japanese flag of Sohn Kee-chung's picture.
  • 1940 – Gone off to Tokyo and led and inspire Korean students in Japan. Met Fumimaro Konoe, Shūmei Ōkawa.
  • December 1942 – Arrested by Military police for violation of "Peace Preservation Law"
  • 1943 – Got released from prison with three years of probation. while retired from active life, he made contact with comrade and led the young people.
  • 10 August 1944 – Formed Korean Restoration Brotherhood Secretly in Sam-gwang Oriental Medical Clinic in Seoul and expanded it on a nationwide scale. Rejected the suggestion to go to China of Endo Ryusaku, the vice-minister of the post of Governor-General of Korea. Formed the "Farmers' Brotherhood" at the Yongmunsan in Yangpyeong.
  • 15 August 1945 – Met Endo and had been transferred authority of administration and public order from Endo.
  • 17 August 1945 – Formed the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence.
  • 6 September 1945 – Had been elected to temporary chairman of "National People's Representative Conference".
  • 12 November 1945 – Formed "People's Party of Korea".
  • 9 February to 11 February 1946 – Visited Haeju, Pyongyang and met Cho Man-sik, Kim Il Sung.
  • 15 February 1946 – Be elected one of the co-chairmen of "National Front for Democracy".
  • May 1946 – Propelled "Left-right cooperation movement" with Kim Kyu-sik, An Jae-hong etc.
  • 17 July 1946 – kidnapped and taken to a mountain of Sindang-dong, Seoul and escaped risk of being murdered
  • 16 October 1946 – Founded "Socialist Labourer's Party".
  • 28 December 1946 to 8 January 1947 – Visited Pyongyang.
  • 24 May 1947 – Founded "Labor People's Party". Had been elected to chairman.
  • 19 July 1947 – Assassinated by Han Ji-geun of the White Shirts Society, at the Rotary Road, Hyehwa-dong, Seoul.

Genealogy

  • Spouse : Rhew, Se-yeong's daughter
  • Spouse : Jin Sang-ha
  • * Daughter : Lyuh Nan-gu
  • * Daughter : Lyuh Yeon-gu
  • * Daughter : Lyuh Hyeong-gu
  • * Son : Lyuh Bong-gu, died of typhoid fever
  • * Son : Lyuh Hong-gu, died of tetanus
  • * Son : Lyuh Young-gu
  • Unknown Japanese woman
  • * Son : Lyuh Boong-gu
  • Jin Ok-chul
  • * Daughter : Lyuh Sun-gu
  • Brother : Lyuh Woon-il
  • Brother : Lyuh Woon-hong
  • Sister : Unknown

Award

On 21 February 2008, Lyuh Woon-hyung was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation Republic of Korea Medal.

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