Voss Municipality
Voss is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located in the traditional district of Voss. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Vossavangen. Other villages include Bolstadøyri, Borstrondi, Djønno, Evanger, Granvin, Kvitheim, Klyve, Kvitheim, Kyte, Mjølfjell, Nordheim, Oppheim, Stalheim, Vinje, and Ygre.
The municipality is the 35th largest by area of Norway's 357 municipalities. Voss Municipality is Norway's 77th most populous municipality, with a population of. Its population density is and its population has increased by 9.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Municipal history
The parish of Voss was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. On 1 January 1867, a small area in northern Voss was transferred to Hosanger Municipality. On 1 January 1868, Voss Municipality was divided: the northern district became the new Vossestrand Municipality and the southern district continued on as a smaller Voss Municipality. On 21 August 1868, an unpopulated area of northern Voss Municipality was transferred to Vossestrand Municipality. On 1 January 1885, Voss Municipality was divided again: the western district became the new Evanger Municipality and the eastern district remained as a smaller Voss Municipality.During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the following areas were merged to form a new, larger Voss Municipality:
- all of Voss Municipality
- all of Vossestrand Municipality
- part of Evanger Municipality, everything except for the Bergsdalen and Eksingedalen areas which became part of Vaksdal Municipality
Name
The municipality is named after the traditional district of Voss. The name is likely derived from the word vǫrr which means "water" is one of only three municipalities in Norway that uses the word herad instead of kommune in its name. Both Norwegian words can be translated to be "municipality", but herad is an older word that historically was only used for rural municipalities. Municipalities can choose to use one or the other, but most use the more modern kommune. From 1838 until the mid-20th century, most municipalities used herad or herred for their name, but after some legal changes in the law on municipalities in the 1950s and onwards, most municipalities switched to kommune. The only other municipalities to use herad in 2026 are Kvam Municipality and Ulvik Municipality. There are also a few municipalities with herad in the name such as Kvinnherad Municipality.Coat of arms
The original coat of arms was granted on 8 July 1977 and was in use until 1 January 2020, when the municipality was enlarged. The official blazon is "Gules, a deer stag argent". This means the arms have a red field and the charge is a deer stag with antlers. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms are based on the seal of Peter, who was the owner of the farm Finne in Voss, one of the largest farms in Western Norway during the Middle Ages. He used a silver deer on a red background as his personal coat of arms in 1303. His son also used a deer on his seals, as did most of their relatives until 1460. The shape and position of the deer varied, but it always was the main figure. The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg. The municipal flag was nearly the same design as the coat of arms, the main difference was the placement of the deer legs.A new coat of arms was granted in 2019 for use starting on 1 January 2020 after the merger of Voss Municipality and Granvin Municipality. The decision was made to blend the old municipalities' previous arms, so the design from Granvin and the colors from Voss were chosen for the new arms. The official blazon is "Gules, a fiddle argent in bend sinister". This means the arms have a red field and the charge is a hardanger fiddle, a Norwegian folk instrument. The fiddle has a tincture of argent. The area has an active folk-music tradition. The arms were designed by Øyvind Kvamme. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.
Churches
The Church of Norway has seven parishes in Voss Municipality. It is part of the Hardanger og Voss prosti in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.| Parish | Church name | Location | Year built |
| Evanger | Evanger Church | Evanger | 1851 |
| Granvin | Granvin Church | Granvin | 1726 |
| Oppheim | Oppheim Church | Oppheim | 1871 |
| Raundalen | Raundalen Church | Raundalen | 1921 |
| Vinje | Vinje Church | Vinje | 1871 |
| Voss | Voss Church | Vossevangen | 1277 |
History
After the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, Voss was the main point of mobilisation for the Norwegian Army in the west, since the city of Bergen had already fallen on 9 April. From Bergen and the Hardangerfjord, the Nazis met stiff Norwegian resistance. In Hardanger, some of the Germans climbed up the mountains from Ålvik; the rest went through Granvin. To break down this resistance, the Luftwaffe bombed Vossevangen on 23 and 24 April, and the surrounding countryside on 25 April. Nine people died in the bombing, which completely destroyed the old wood-built town centre. German forces entered the municipality of Voss on 25 April and on 26 April, German forces entered Vossevangen, which remained occupied until 8 May 1945.In 1964, Voss Municipality was enlarged with the incorporation of the neighbouring Vossestrand Municipality and Evanger Municipality, which had until then been separate municipalities within the traditional district also known as Voss.
Population
Government
Voss Municipality is responsible for primary education, outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Hordaland District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.Municipal council
The municipal council of Voss Municipality is made up of 43 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.Mayors
The mayor of Voss Municipality is the political leader of the municipality and the chairperson of the municipal council. The following people have held this position:- 1838–1841: David L. Hustveit
- 1842–1849: A. von Westen Sylow Koren
- 1850–1857: David L. Hustveit
- 1858–1877: Ole K. Litsheim
- 1878–1889: Mathias G. Dugstad
- 1890–1891: Ivar J. Rivenes
- 1892–1893: Lars O. Kindem
- 1894–1907: Olaf Josefson Bjørgum
- 1908–1925: Nils J. Finne
- 1926–1928: Mads Haga
- 1929–1931: Lars L. Hustveit
- 1932–1934: Mads Haga
- 1935–1937: Lars L. Hustveit
- 1938–1938: Mads Haga
- 1939–1941: Isak Hjelle
- 1941–1941: Amund Gjersvik
- 1942–1945: Halle N. Vinsand
- 1945–1945: Mads Haga
- 1946–1954: Isak Hjelle
- 1955–1955: David Gjerme
- 1956–1957: Lars Leiro
- 1958–1959: David Gjerme
- 1960–1963: Arne Nilsen
- 1964–1971: Lars Nesheim Hovda
- 1972–1975: Nils Mugaas
- 1976–1983: Anders S. Ringheim
- 1984–1991: Peder Vangsnes
- 1992–1999: Ragnhild Skjerveggen
- 1999–2007: Bjørn Christensen
- 2007–2011: Gunn Berit Lunde Aarvik
- 2011–2023: Hans-Erik Ringkjøb
- 2023–present: Tonje Såkvitne
Geography and climate
Voss Municipality has a humid continental climate. The wettest time of year is October - January, and the driest season is April - July. The all-time high temperature is recorded 24 July 2014; the all-time low is recorded 8 January 2010.
Tourism
Voss Municipality is surrounded by snow-capped mountains, forests, lakes and fast-flowing whitewater rivers. This has led to its development as a notable center of skiing, water sports, skydiving, paragliding and other adventure sports. Every year in the last week of June the area hosts the Ekstremsportveko, which is regarded as the world's premier extreme sports festival. Bømoen, the local airstrip, is home to Skydive Voss, one of the largest dropzones in Norway, as well as a gliding club. The rivers provide various levels of white water, attracting kayaking, rafting and river boarding. Kite surfing and para-bungee may be seen on lake Vangsvatnet. The ski area, to the north of the town, is accessible via a cable car, Hangursbanen. There is also chair lift access from Bavallen, a short distance northeast of Voss.The municipality's proximity to the Sognefjord and its position between Bergen and Flåm on the scenic railway have made it popular with tourists. One of the sights on the road to Flåm is the waterfall Tvindefossen.
The Voss Museum displays several old farmsteads, including a larger-than-life stone statue of Lars O. Kindem. Next to the open-air part, there is a museum with over 20,000 items from traditional farm life.