Vermicularia knorrii
Vermicularia knorrii, commonly known as the Florida worm snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod in the family Turritellidae. V. knorrii has been concluded to be the junior synonym to Vermicularia lumbricalis. The shell of Florida worm snail is light brown or tan in color with an apex that is white. It is found living in reefs on the coasts of the southern states of the United States to the top of South America. V. knorri use their ciliated appendages to trap plankton and sperm.
Distribution
This species is found in the United States from Florida to North Carolina, the Gulf Coast, the eastern coast of Mexico, Aruba, The Bahamas, Antigua, Barbuda, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Bermuda. Vermicularia knorrii is strictly marine and does not live in brackish or fresh waters and is not terrestrial. V. knorrii is found in waters with temperatures around.Habitat
Vermicularia knorrii habitat ranges from 35.34°N to 12°N and 92°W to 64.7°W. They can be found between depths of, but typically live in water. The deepest recorded depth of Vermicularia knorrii is about on the continental slope of Texas, but it may have been another species wrongfully identified at the greater depths. This places the Florida worm snail's habitat in the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones most often being found in the photic zone.Unlike other Vermicularia species, the Florida worm snail does not form inter-coil structures but rather lives in hard substrates such as corals and sponges. It stays in the substrate by cementing itself in it. V. knorrii can be found in "boiler" reefs, rim reefs, subtidal, and patch reefs. It appears to be vulnerable of desiccation, or the removal of water, usually during low tides.
Shell
The shell of this species is in length. When the shell is intact, the apex is pure white, somewhat translucent, and tightly coiled similarly to that of the genus Turritella. The regularly coiled apex is around in length. The subsequent whorls are brown, and they are loosely and irregularly coiled, such that the whorls do not touch. Their irregular shape helps them anchor into sponges, rocks, and corals. The irregular shape of their shells gives the Florida worm snail its name as they resemble the tubes made by tube worms.As they grow, Vermicularia shells start to uncoil due to the need to access food and to attach to substrate they live in stabley. The shells are also used by hermit crabs, such as Calcinus verrillii, as shelter. The odd shapes of the worm snail shells affect the symmetry of the uropods.