Utah monolith
The Utah monolith was a metal pillar that stood in a red sandstone slot canyon in northern San Juan County, Utah, United States. The pillar was tall and made of metal sheets riveted into a triangular prism. It was unlawfully placed on public land between July and October 2016; it stood unnoticed for over four years until its discovery and removal in late 2020. The identity of its makers and their objectives remain unknown.
Utah state biologists discovered the monolith in November 2020 during a helicopter survey of wild bighorn sheep. Within days of its discovery, members of the public found the pillar and made their way to the remote location by using GPS mapping software and cross referencing data with the likely flight path of the survey team. Following intense media coverage, it was covertly removed on November 27, 2020, by four residents of Moab, Utah. After nearly a month in their possession, the monolith was given to the Bureau of Land Management and is currently in their custody.
Following the discovery of the monolith, over two hundred similar metal columns were erected in other places throughout the world, including elsewhere in North America and countries in Europe, South America and Australia. Many were built by local artists as deliberate imitations of the Utah monolith.
Discovery
On November 18, 2020, wildlife officials with the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources were in southeastern Utah conducting a survey of bighorn sheep from a helicopter piloted by the Utah Department of Public Safety. While flying over a slot canyon in a remote area, one of the wildlife officials spotted a metal pillar and told the pilot, Bret Hutchings, to fly over the location again. Hutchings described the moment:Hutchings said that the pillar looked manmade and had been "firmly planted in the ground". Hutchings added: "We were kind of joking around that if one of us suddenly disappears, then the rest of us make a run for it."
On November 20, the Utah DPS posted a photo of the pillar on Instagram. On November 23, the Utah DPS released videos of the pillar on their website but did not disclose the pillar's location, citing safety concerns.
Location and dating
The pillar was installed by unknown individuals in a red sandstone slot canyon in San Juan County, Utah. It was located on public land in an area known as Lockhart Basin, which was part of Bears Ears National Monument at the time of installation. The site has no public services such as parking, restrooms, or cell phone service.The exact location of the monolith was not disclosed by the Utah DPS to prevent people from endangering themselves while trying to find it. Within a day of the Utah DPS announcement, Reddit user Tim Slane identified the object on Google Earth by tracking the flight path of the state biologists' helicopter and comparing it with the videos the Utah DPS released. Slane told The Verge that "he was aided by clues like the cliffs' height, the canyon's erosion pattern, and a flat floor suggesting it wasn't frequently flooded ". Google Earth satellite images suggested that the monolith was installed between August 2015 and October 2016, and that surrounding scrub vegetation had been cleared. Dutch journalist Nouska du Saar, who specializes in open-source intelligence, used Maxar satellite images to determine that the monolith appeared between July 7, 2016, and October 21, 2016.
Within 48 hours of the Utah DPS announcement, members of the public had reached the site and uploaded photographs and videos of the monolith to social media. Local residents began to fear that a surge in foot traffic could damage local Native American sites and artifacts.
Description
The metal structure was a triangular prism with three sides that stood approximately tall above the bedrock, with each of the sides being about wide. The structure was not magnetic and had a hollow interior. It appeared to be made of stainless steel or aluminum sheets thick, joined together with blind rivets. There was silicone caulk or epoxy along the base, and the metal produced a sound "like a cardboard box" when hit or knocked on.Dave Sparks of the reality television series Diesel Brothers went to the monolith and described it in a video he posted on Instagram: "They got a concrete saw and they cut it into the red rock there. You can see right here on the bottom where they had a couple of over cuts with the saws." Wendy Wischer of the University of Utah's School of Fine Art said: "One person alone could not have done it so there is a group of people who have some knowledge of it somewhere. Most artists want some recognition for what they are doing but this seems to include a level of humor and mystery as part of the intention."
File:Yatrides' Slab.JPG|right|thumb|Painting by Georges Yatridès of a slab monolith, like the one that appears in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
On first discovering the pillar, the Utah DPS described it as a "monolith", a term later repeated by other major media outlets. Although the word monolith refers to a single great stone, the word has also become closely associated with the Monolith from the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, to which the Utah monolith bears circumstantial resemblance.
Attribution
The object was compared to works by artist John McCracken, who lived in the Southwest, believed in the existence of extraterrestrials, and expressed an interest in leaving behind a piece of artwork in the desert. The object resembled the metallic monoliths McCracken made, and was described as "nearly identical" to McCracken's Fair by New York gallerist David Zwirner. A spokesman for Zwirner later retracted this statement, telling The Guardian that it was more likely created by another artist paying homage to McCracken.Several online users suggested that the monolith was the work of Petecia Le Fawnhawk, who has installed sculptures in desert locations and lived in Utah, but she denied that it was her work. An artist collective known as "The Most Famous Artist" initially took credit for installing the monolith, but later admitted that the work was not theirs. The Utah Film Commission said that to their knowledge the monolith was not part of any film production.
As of March 2025, it remains unknown who created the monolith. The New York Times said its unknown origin "provides a pleasant sensation of uncertainty", and that it might "lose its aura and power if we knew who had created it".
Legality
On November 23, 2020, the Bureau of Land Management issued a statement that it is illegal to install structures, including art, on public lands without permission "no matter what planet you're from".The Utah Department of Heritage & Arts said in a statement on Twitter that the monolith is vandalism, and were concerned about damage to ancient artwork and archeological artifacts in the region.
Removal
The Utah division of the Bureau of Land Management said that it received credible reports that the monolith was removed on the evening of November 27, 2020, by a then-unknown party, now known to be the Moab-based recreationists Andy Lewis, Sylvan Christensen, Homer Manson, and an anonymous companion. Several adventure photographers posted details and pictures about the dismantling and removal of the monolith. One witness reported that the four men had pushed the monolith over without tools, while onlookers watched, saying "this is why you don't leave trash in the desert" before breaking it apart and carrying away the pieces in a wheelbarrow. The group referred to the conservation ethic of "Leave No Trace". Photos of the site afterwards posted by visitors showed that all was left was a triangular metal piece, and witnesses reported seeing a pickup truck driving away from the site, carrying an object, as they approached.The BLM in Utah released a statement on the agency Facebook page on November 28, 2020, saying they did not remove the monolith, and because the structure is considered private property they would not investigate it further, leaving it to the local sheriff's office. The local San Juan County Sheriff's Office said they could not devote the resources, although they did post a Most Wanted poster on their Facebook page. On November 30, 2020, authorities reversed their initial decision, and planned a joint investigation with the Bureau of Land Management. Alan Freestone, chief deputy in San Juan County, confirmed on December 1, stating: "I know they have some leads, and that's all we are saying right now."
Four days after the monolith's removal, Lewis and Christensen posted a video online entitled "We Removed the Utah monolith", showing what they claimed was themselves and two other people hauling away the Utah monolith in a wheelbarrow. Christensen posted the same video to TikTok and Instagram citing "clear precedents for how we share and standardize the use of our public lands, natural wildlife, native plants, fresh water sources, and human impacts upon them", and highlighting the damage done to the area by the large number of sightseers arriving in an area with no parking facilities or restrooms. In several interviews since the video's release, Christensen said he had received hateful comments and threats of death and physical harm as a result of his video.
On December 20, 2020, over a month after the monolith's initial discovery, Lewis released a pre-recorded video on Instagram, allegedly in response to the numerous death threats, showing what appeared to be the Utah monolith intact in his backyard, contrary to speculation that it had been destroyed. He also claimed that he and his friends had also heard of plans to completely destroy it on the night of its eventual removal, so his team removed it before it could be destroyed by others. He also revealed that they had since donated it to the Bureau of Land Management to investigate its origin and creation, and eventually find a new home for it.