Tropical cyclones in 2014


During 2014, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 117 tropical cyclones had formed this year to date. 79 tropical cyclones had been named by either a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center. The most active basin in 2014 was the Western Pacific, which documented 23 named systems, while the Eastern Pacific, despite only amounting to 22 named systems, was its basin's most active since 1992. Conversely, both the North Atlantic hurricane and North Indian Ocean cyclone had a below average season numbering 9 and 3, respectively. Activity across the southern hemisphere's three basins—South-West Indian, Australian, and South Pacific—was spread evenly, with each region recording seven named storms apiece. So far, 26 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including ten Category 5 tropical cyclones in the year, becoming as the third-most intense tropical cyclone activity on record, only behind with 1997 and 2018. The accumulated cyclone energy index for the 2014, as calculated by Colorado State University was 724 units.
The strongest of these tropical cyclones was Typhoon Vongfong, which strengthened to a minimum barometric pressure of 900 mbar before striking the east coast of Japan. The costliest and deadliest tropical cyclone in 2014 was Typhoon Rammasun, which struck China in July, causing US$8.08 billion in damage. Rammasun killed 222 people; 106 in Philippines, 88 in China and 28 in Vietnam.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

During January 2014, after surveying various climate models, the World Meteorological Organization warned that there was an enhanced possibility of a weak El Niño event happening during 2014. Over the next few months the climate of the Pacific Ocean started to exhibit features that suggested the impending onset of an El Niño event. Over the ocean, these features included: a rapid fall of the sea level in western Micronesia, as well as a large area of enhanced sea surface temperatures that were present at low latitudes near the International Date Line. In the atmosphere these features included persistent westerly winds at equatorial latitudes, which were displaced eastwards towards the Marshall Islands. A large area of atmospheric convection was present at a low latitude near the International Date Line, in association with the development of an unusual amount of early season tropical cyclones near the Marshall Islands. As a result of some of these conditions, an El Niño Watch was issued by the United States Climate Prediction Center and the International Research Institute for Climate and Society within their March 2014 diagnostic discussion.
Over the next few months, the atmosphere failed to respond in order to reinforce the developing El Niño, with the monsoon trough remaining weak and tropical cyclone activity slowing, while no episodes of strong westerly winds at a low latitude occurred. Some of the oceanic indicators of El Niño also failed to develop further, with a cooling of sea and sub surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific occurring. However, by the end of 2014, several of the El Niño indexes that were used to judge the state of the ENSO state, indicated that weak El Niño conditions had developed over the Pacific Ocean. As a result, a few of the international meteorological agencies, including the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Hong Kong Observatory reported that an El Niño event had developed during 2014, while others such as the Fiji Meteorological Service considered 2014 to be a near miss. At this time it was thought that the ENSO state would continue to hover at the borderline El Niño conditions, before easing back into neutral ENSO conditions.

Summary


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from:22/12/2013 till:31/12/2013 text:Dec. '13
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from:01/01/2015 till:06/01/2015 text:Jan. '15
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North Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2014. It was a below average season in which nine tropical cyclones formed. Eight of the nine designated cyclones attained tropical storm status, the fewest since the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season. Of the eight tropical storms, six reached at least Category 1 hurricane intensity. The 2014 season extended the period without major hurricane landfalls in the United States to nine years, with the last such system being Hurricane Wilma in 2005. The lack of activity was attributed to an atmospheric circulation that favored dry, sinking air over the Atlantic Ocean and strong wind shear over the Caribbean Sea. Additionally, sea surface temperatures were near-average. A few notable events occurred during the season. Arthur made landfall between Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras as a Category 2 hurricane, becoming the first U.S. landfalling cyclone of that intensity since Hurricane Ike in 2008. Arthur also became the earliest known hurricane to strike the North Carolina coastline on record, doing so on July 4. In October, Fay became the first hurricane to make landfall on Bermuda since Emily in 1987. With Gonzalo striking the island only four days later, 2014 became the first season on record in which more than one hurricane struck Bermuda. Four hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused 21 deaths and at least $233 million in damage. Hurricane Cristobal also caused fatalities, though it did not strike land. The Atlantic hurricane season officially ended on November 30, 2014.
Tropical cyclogenesis began in early July, with the development of Hurricane Arthur on July 1, ahead of the long-term climatological average of July 9. Early on July 3, the system intensified into a hurricane, preceding the climatological average of August 10. Later that month, a tropical depression developed over the eastern Atlantic, but dissipated after only two days. There were also two tropical cyclones in August, with the development of hurricanes Bertha and Cristobal. Despite being the climatological peak of hurricane season, only two additional systems originated in September – Tropical Storm Dolly and Hurricane Edouard. In October, three storms developed, including hurricane Fay and Gonzalo and Tropical Storm Hanna. The most intense tropical cyclone – Hurricane Gonzalo – peaked with maximum sustained winds of on October 16 which is a Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. It was the first Category 4 hurricane since Hurricane Ophelia in 2011. The final tropical cyclone of the season was Hanna, which dissipated on October 28.
The season's activity was reflected with an Accumulated Cyclone Energy rating of 67. This was nearly double that of the previous season, but still well below the 1981–2010 median of 92. The ACE value in October was higher than August and September combined, which has not occurred since 1963.

Eastern & Central Pacific Oceans

The season's first named storm, Amanda, developed on May 23, shortly after the official start to the Pacific hurricane season on May 15. On May 24, the system intensified into a hurricane, transcending the climatological average date of June 26 for the first hurricane. The next day, Amanda attained major hurricane status, over a month sooner than the average date of July 19. Owing to Amanda's extreme intensity the ACE value for May was the highest on record in the East Pacific at 18.6 units, eclipsing the previous record of 17.9 units set in 2001. Hurricane Cristina became the second's major hurricane, the system broke the previous record set by Hurricane Darby in 2010 which reached major status on June 25. However, this record was broken by Hurricane Blanca in 2015 which reached major status on June 3. Through June 14, the seasonal ACE reached its highest level since 1971, when reliable records began, for so early in the season. By the end of June, the ACE total remained at 230% of the normal value, before subsiding to near-average levels to end July. By late July, the basin became rejuvenated, with 3 systems forming during the final 10 days of the month. Activity in August ramped up significantly, with four hurricanes developing during the month, two of which became major hurricanes, excluding Iselle and Genevieve, which formed in July, but became a major hurricane during August. By the end of August, ACE values rose to 60% above the 30-year average.
Continued, though less prolific, activity extended through September with four hurricanes developing that month. ACE values remained 45% above-average by the end of the month. Following the rapid intensification of Hurricane Simon to a Category 3 hurricane during the afternoon of October 4, the 2014 season featured the highest number of major hurricanes in the Eastern Pacific basin since the advent of satellite imagery. With eight such storms east of 140°W, the year tied with the record set in the 1992 season. However, this record was surpassed by the 2015 Pacific hurricane season.

Systems

January

In January, the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which allows for the formation of tropical waves, is located in the Southern Hemisphere, remaining there until May. This limits Northern Hemisphere cyclone formation to comparatively rare non-tropical sources. In addition, the month's climate is also an important factor. In the Southern Hemisphere basins, January, at the height of the austral summer, is the most active month by cumulative number of storms since records began. Of the four Northern Hemisphere basins, none is very active in January, as the month is during the winter, but the most active basin is the Western Pacific, which occasionally sees weak tropical storms form during the month.
In 2014, January saw eighteen tropical cyclones form, of which eight were named. This month started with Ian bringing damages in Fiji and Tonga. Adding on, Lingling was the first disturbance in the West Pacific, affecting Philippines. Colin became the strongest tropical cyclone in the month of January this 2014, but it stayed well from land. 14 more disturbances formed on different basins, 6 are named by their respective meteorological agencies.
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
IanJanuary 2–15205 930Fiji, Tonga$48 million1
BOB 01January 4–740 1004India, Sri Lanka--
05January 7–1055 997Madagascar--
ColinJanuary 9–14205 915---
Lingling (Agaton)January 10–2065 1002Philippines$12.6 million70
05UJanuary 10–23Northern Territory, Western Australia--
JuneJanuary 13–1975 990Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New ZealandMinor1
DeliweJanuary 14–2285 990Madagascar, MozambiqueUnknown2
08January 16–2035 1004Madagascar--
09FJanuary 21–241004Cook Islands, Niue, Tonga--
10FJanuary 22–241004Solomon Islands, Vanuatu--
09January 24 – 3145 1002Mozambique--
DylanJanuary 24 – 31110 974QueenslandMinor-
Kajiki (Basyang)January 29–February 165 1000Philippines$202 thousand6
11FJanuary 291000Fiji--
FletcherJanuary 30–February 1265 992Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland--
EdnaJanuary 31–February 695 985New Caledonia, New Zealand, Queensland--
09UJanuary 31–February 13100 982Western Australia, Northern Territory--

February

In the month of February, 11 systems formed, of which 6 were named. Typhoon Faxai became the strongest tropical cyclone of the month, affecting the Caroline Islands and the Mariana Islands. Edilson brought considerable damages and heavy rainfall to Mauritius and Réunion, and Guito did the same to Mozambique and Madagascar.
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
EdilsonFebruary 3–7105 978Mauritius, Réunion--
FobaneFebruary 5–16110 975---
11UFebruary 7–10Not specified994Northern Territory--
13FFebruary 16–19Not specified1003Vanuatu, Fiji--
GuitoFebruary 17–21110 980Mozambique, Madagascar--
14FFebruary 23–26Not specified1002Vanuatu, Fiji--
KofiFebruary 24–March 4100 980Fiji, Tonga--
13February 25–March 175 993---
HadiFebruary 26–March 2075 992Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Queensland--
FaxaiFebruary 27–March 5120 975Caroline Islands, Mariana IslandsMinimal1
12UFebruary 28–March 2Not specifiedNot specified---

March

In the month of March, 8 systems formed, of which 5 were named. Cyclone Hellen was one of the most powerful tropical cyclones in the Mozambique Channel on record, as well as the most intense of the 2013–14 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season: however, it made landfall on Madagascar with winds of. In the Australian basin, Cyclone Gillian was the second most powerful cyclone of the 2013–14 Australian region cyclone season and the strongest in the basin in the last four years. 17F, Lusi, Mike, and 21F formed in the South Pacific basin while Caloy formed in the West Pacific basin near the Philippines.
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
GillianMarch 6–27220 927Queensland, Northern Territory, East Timor, Indonesia, Christmas IslandMinimal-
17FMarch 6–8Not specified1005Vanuatu--
LusiMarch 7–14150 960Vanuatu, Fiji, New Zealand$3 million10
TDMarch 11–12Not specified1008Sulawesi--
MikeMarch 12–2065 990Cook IslandsMinimal-
21FMarch 17–1945 998Cook Islands--
CaloyMarch 17–24Not specified1004Philippines--
HellenMarch 26–April 5230 915Mozambique, Comoro Islands, MadagascarUnknown8

April

In the month of April, 7 systems formed, the second-least active month of this year; however, 5 storms were named. Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita was the strongest tropical cyclone in the Australian region by minimum central pressure since George in 2007, and since Monica in 2006 by wind speed. In the Australian basin, including Ita, 2 more systems formed: Jack and a weak 17U. Ivanoe formed in the South-West Indian Ocean basin, while Peipah , a weak tropical depression, and Tapah existed in the West Pacific basin.
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
ItaApril 1–14220 922Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Queensland, New Zealand$1.15 billion40
Peipah (Domeng)April 2–1565 998Caroline Islands--
IvanoeApril 3–685 987---
JackApril 15–22140 966Cocos Islands--
TDApril 19–21Not specified1004Caroline Islands, Philippines--
17UApril 21–26Not specified1006---
TapahApril 27–May 295 985---

May

May of 2014 was one of the least active months in the history of worldwide tropical cyclogenesis despite an extant El Niño event, with two tropical cyclones forming. One of them was BOB 02, a depression that brought relief to Odisha, which had been suffering from a heat wave that claimed 22 lives. Coastal areas previously reporting temperatures near fell below during the system's passage. The other was Amanda, which was the strongest Eastern Pacific tropical cyclone ever recorded in the month of May, and it is also the strongest cyclone of the month with a wind speed of and a pressure of.
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
BOB 02May 21–2345 1000India, MyanmarMinimal-
AmandaMay 22–29250 932Southwestern Mexico, Western MexicoMinimal3

June

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
BorisJune 2–475 998Southwestern Mexico, Guatemala$54.1 million6
[Hurricane Hurricane Cristina (2014)|Cristina (2014)|Cristina]June 9–15240 935Southwestern Mexico, Western MexicoMinimal-
Mitag (Ester)June 9–1275 994Philippines, Taiwan, Japan--
NanaukJune 10–1485 986Pakistan, Oman--
HagibisJune 13–1775 996Philippines, China, Taiwan, Japan$198 million-
DouglasJune 28–July 585 999---
ElidaJune 30–July 285 1002Western Mexico--

July

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
ArthurJuly 1–5155 973The Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada≥ $39.5 million2
Neoguri (Florita)July 2–11185 930Caroline Islands, Guam, Japan$632 million3
FaustoJuly 7–975 1004---
Rammasun (Glenda)July 9–20165 935Caroline Islands, Guam, Philippines, China, Vietnam$8.03 billion222
Matmo (Henry)July 16–25130 965Philippines, Taiwan, China, Korea$418 million65
WaliJuly 17–1875 1003---
TDJuly 19–22Not specified1008Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands--
TwoJuly 21–2355 1012---
LAND 01July 21–2345 988IndiaMinor12
GenevieveJuly 25–August 14205 915---
HernanJuly 26–29120 992---
Halong (Jose)July 27–August 11195 920Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Japan, Russia$72.8 million12
Nakri (Inday)July 28–August 4100 980Guam, Philippines, Japan, East China, South Korea, North Korea$117 thousand16
IselleJuly 31–August 9220 947Hawaii>$148 million1

August

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
BerthaAugust 1–6130 998Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Western EuropeMinimal4
JulioAugust 4–15195 960Hawaii--
LAND 02August 4–755 Not specifiedIndiaMinor47
KarinaAugust 13–26140 983---
LowellAugust 17–24120 980---
TDAugust 19Not specified1006Taiwan, China--
MarieAugust 22–28260 918Mexico, California$20 million6
CristobalAugust 23–29140 965Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, East Coast of the United States, Bermuda, IcelandUnknown7
TDAugust 24–26Not specified1006---
TDAugust 27–29Not specified1004China, Vietnam, Laos--

September

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
DollySeptember 1–385 1000Mexico, Texas$22.2 million1
NorbertSeptember 2–7205 950Western Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern United States$28.3 million5
TDSeptember 4–5Not specified1006---
FengshenSeptember 5–10110 975Japan--
14W (Karding)September 5–855 1004Philippines, China, Vietnam--
OdileSeptember 10–18220 918Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern United States, Texas$1.25 billion18
EdouardSeptember 11–19195 955East Coast of the United StatesMinor2
Sixteen-ESeptember 11–1555 1005Baja California Sur--
Kalmaegi (Luis)September 11–17140 960Caroline Islands, Philippines, China, Indochina, India$2.92 billion48
PoloSeptember 16–22120 979Mexico, Baja California Peninsula$7.6 million1
Fung-wong (Mario)September 17–2485 985Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China, South Korea$231 million22
KammuriSeptember 23–3095 985Mariana Islands, Japan--
RachelSeptember 24–30140 980---
Phanfone (Neneng)September 28–October 6175 935Mariana Islands, Japan, Alaska$100 million11

October

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
SimonOctober 1–7215 946Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern United StatesUnknown-
Vongfong (Ompong)October 2–14215 900Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Kamchatka Peninsula, Alaska$161 million9
HudhudOctober 7–14185 950Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Vishakhapatnam, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Nepal$3.58 billion124
FayOctober 10–13130 983Bermuda≥$3.8 million-
GonzaloOctober 12–19230 940Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Newfoundland, Europe>$317 million6
AnaOctober 13–26140 985Hawaii, British Columbia, Alaskan PanhandleMinimal-
TrudyOctober 17–19100 998Mexico>$12.3 million9
HannaOctober 22–2865 1000Mexico, Central AmericaUnknown-
NilofarOctober 25–31205 950Oman, India, PakistanMinimal4
VanceOctober 30–November 5175 964MexicoMinimal-
Nuri (Paeng)October 30–November 5205 910JapanMinimal-

November

A total of 7 storms formed within the month of November, of which 4 were named. Typhoon Hagupit was the strongest storm of the month and the second-most intense storm of the year, impacting the Philippines a few weeks after Sinlaku affected the Philippines as a tropical depression. Cyclone Qendresa was a rare system that caused damages and 3 deaths in Italy.
Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
BOB 04November 5–855 1000---
QendresaNovember 5–11110 978Libya, Tunisia, Italy, Malta, Greece$250 million3
AdjaliNovember 15–21110 987---
01FNovember 21–26Not specified1003Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan IslandsMinimal-
02November 24–3055 997Diego Garcia, Mauritius, Rodrigues--
Sinlaku (Queenie)November 26–3085 990Palau, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia$4.26 million4
Hagupit (Ruby)November 30–December 12215 905Caroline Islands, Palau, Philippines, Vietnam$114 million18

December

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
01UDecember 3–455 1000---
BakungDecember 10–1395 991Indonesia--
03UDecember 13–15Not specifiedNot specified---
02FDecember 16–17Not specified1007---
03FDecember 20–2655 998Cook Islands--
04FDecember 21–24Not specified1000French Polynesia--
KateDecember 21–31165 950Cocos IslandsMinimal-
05FDecember 23–29Not specified1000Samoan Islands--
Jangmi (Seniang)December 28–January 175 996Philippines, Borneo$28.4 million66

Global effects

There are a total of seven tropical cyclone basins that tropical cyclones typically form in this table, data from all these basins are added.