Triplophysa

Triplophysa is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, as well as inland waters of the larger part of central Asia. They can be distinguished from other genera of Nemacheilidae by marked sexual dimorphism, including the development of nuptial tubercles on breeding males. Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of species. Some lineages have been identified and treated as subgenera, but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but Hedinichthys have been treated as subgenera in Wikipedia, although Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid. FishBase, however, includes these in Triplophysa without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as synonyms.

Ecology

Triplophysa zhaoi holds the record for the lowest altitude for Asian fish: it is found at below sea level in swamps of the Lükqün oasis, in the Turpan Depression in Xinjiang. In the other end, Triplophysa stolickai holds the record altitude for Asian fish: it is found at above sea level in hot springs near the Longmu Lake in western Tibet. Triplophysa dalaica has been used as model species to study adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia and 13 positively selected genes involved in hypoxia response have been identified. Some species are blind cave-dwellers.

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus:

Triplophysa akhtari
Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001
Triplophysa aliensis
Triplophysa alticeps
Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003
Triplophysa aluensis W. X. Li & Z. G. Zhu, 2000
Triplophysa angeli
Triplophysa anlongensis C.-T. Lan, L.-X. Song, T. Luo, X.-R. Zhao, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023
Triplophysa anshuiensis T.-J. Wu, M.-L. Wei, J.-H. Lan & L.-N. Du, 2018
Triplophysa anterodorsalis S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1989
Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001
Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006
Triplophysa baotianensis C. Li, T. Liu, R. Li & W. Li, 2018
Triplophysa bashanensis T. Q. Xu & K. F. Wang, 2009
Triplophysa bellibarus
Triplophysa bleekeri
Triplophysa bombifrons
Triplophysa brachyptera
Triplophysa brahui
Triplophysa brevibarba R. H. Ding, 1993
Triplophysa brevicauda
Triplophysa cakaensis W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988
Triplophysa cehengensis T. Luo, M.-L. Mao, X.-R. Zhao, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023
Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev, 2002
Triplophysa chondrostoma
Triplophysa choprai
Triplophysa coniptera
Triplophysa crassicauda
Triplophysa crassilabris R. H. Ding, 1994
Triplophysa cuneicephala
Triplophysa dalaica
Triplophysa daochengensis Y. Y. Wu, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2016
Triplophysa daqiaoensis R. H. Ding, 1993
Triplophysa daryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng, 2022 , 2004
Triplophysa obscura X. T. Wang, 1987
Triplophysa obtusirostra Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988
Triplophysa orientalis
Triplophysa panguri
Triplophysa panzhouensis J. Yu, T. Luo, C. T. Lan, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023
Triplophysa papillosolabiata
Triplophysa pappenheimi
Triplophysa paradoxa
Triplophysa parva Z. M. Chen, W. X. Li & J. X. Yang, 2009
Triplophysa polyfasciata R. H. Ding, 1996
Triplophysa posterodorsalus
Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera
Triplophysa pseudostenura C. L. He, E. Zhang & Z. B. Song, 2012
Triplophysa qilianensis W. J. Li, X. C. Chen & Y. P. Hu, 2015
Triplophysa qingzhenensis F. Liu, Z.-X. Zeng & Gong, 2022
Triplophysa qini S.Q. Deng, X.-B. Wang & E. Zhang 2022
Triplophysa qiubeiensis W. X. Li & H. F. Yang, 2008
Triplophysa retropinnis
Triplophysa robusta
Triplophysa rongduensis M.-L. Mao, X.-R. Zhao, J. Yu, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023
Triplophysa rosa X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2005
Triplophysa rotundiventris
Triplophysa sanduensis S.-J. Chen & Z.-G. Peng, 2019
Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007
Triplophysa scleroptera
Triplophysa sellaefer
Triplophysa sewerzowi
Triplophysa shaanxiensis J. X. Chen, 1987
Triplophysa shannanensis M. Wang, J. Huang, Y. Chen & D. He, 2024
Triplophysa shashiguii Y.Y. Wu & Y.S. Guo, 2021
Triplophysa shehensis Menon, 1987
Triplophysa shilinensis Y. R. Chen & J. X. Yang, 1992
Triplophysa shiyangensis
Triplophysa siluroides
Triplophysa stenura
Triplophysa stewarti
Triplophysa stolickai
Triplophysa strauchii
Triplophysa tanggulaensis S. Q. Zhu, 1982)
Triplophysa tenuicauda
Triplophysa tenuis
Triplophysa tianeensis X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang, 2004
Triplophysa tianlinensis J. Li, X.-H. Li, J.-H. Lan & L.-N. Du, 2016
Triplophysa tianxingensis H. F. Yang, W. X. Li & Z. M. Chen, 2016
Triplophysa tibetana
Triplophysa turpanensis Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992
Triplophysa ulacholica
Triplophysa uranoscopus
Triplophysa venusta S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988
Triplophysa waisihani L. Cao & E. Zhang, 2008
Triplophysa weiheensis C.-G. Feng, Y. Zhang, C. Tong, Zhou & K. Zhao, 2020
Triplophysa wudangensis F. Liu, Z.-X. Zeng & Z. Gong 2022
Triplophysa wulongensis S.-J. Chen, Sheraliev, L. Shu & Z. Peng, 2021
Triplophysa wuweiensis
Triplophysa xiangshuingensis W. X. Li, 2004
Triplophysa xiangxiensis
Triplophysa xichangensis S.-Q. Zhu & W.-X. Cao 1989
Triplophysa xichouensis S. W. Liu, X.-F. Pan, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2017
Triplophysa xingshanensis
Triplophysa xiqiensis R. H. Ding & Q. Lai, 1996
Triplophysa xuanweiensis Z.-M. Lu, X.-J. Li, W.-N. Mao & Y.-H. Zhao 2022
Triplophysa yajiangensis S. L. Yan, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2015
Triplophysa yaluwang C.-T. Lan, Y.-W. Liu, J.-J. Zhou & J. Zhou 2024
Triplophysa yaopeizhii T. Q. Xu, C. G. Zhang & B. Cai, 1995
Triplophysa yasinensis
Triplophysa yunnanensis J. X. Yang, 1990
Triplophysa yuzeshengi Y. S. Guo & Z. Y. Sun, 2021
Triplophysa zaidamensis
Triplophysa zamegacephala
Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006
Triplophysa zhenfengensis D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001
Triplophysa ziyunensis L. Wu, T. Luo, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2024