Tokyo subway

Networks

• Tokyo Metro – run by the Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd., formerly a statutory corporation called the Teito Rapid Transit Authority, it was converted into a kabushiki gaisha in 2004. It currently operates 180 stations on nine lines and of route.
• Toei Subway – run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, an agency of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. It operates 106 stations on four lines and of route.

• The Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations, and 200,200 daily passengers in 2010.
• The Saitama Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations.
• The Tōyō Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line, operates a single underground/elevated line with nine stations.
• The Yamanote Line and Chūō Line are not subway lines, but a surface commuter loop line and a cross-city line that operate with metro-like frequencies. They are owned by JR East, act as key transportation arteries in central Tokyo, and are often marked on Tokyo subway maps.

History

• 1915: The Ministry of Communications opened an underground tunnel exclusively for mail transport between Tokyo Station and the Tokyo Central Post Office. The tunnel originally contained rail tracks, which were abandoned and removed in 1941. The passage was subsequently repaved and converted for use by electric traction vehicles. The tunnel continued to be used for mail transport until 1978, when operations ceased.
• 1927: Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. opens Japan's first underground line of the subway Ginza Line on 30 December 1927, publicizing it as "the first underground railway in the Orient." The distance of the line is only 2.2 km between Ueno and Asakusa.
• 1938: Tokyo Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. opens its subway system between Aoyama 6-chome and Toranomon.
• 1939: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway extends its line from Toranomon to Shimbashi, and starts an reciprocal operation with Tokyo Underground Railway.
• 1941: During World War II, the two subway companies merge under the name Teito Rapid Transit Authority by the local government.
• 1954: The Marunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II, opens between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu.
• 1960: Toei Subway Line 1, present-day Toei Asakusa Line, opens between Oshiage and Asakusa.
• 1968: Toei Subway Line 6 opens between Shimura Station and Sugamo Station.
• 1991: The Tokyo Metro Namboku Line opens.
• 1995: On 20 March, the Tokyo subway sarin attack occurs on the Marunouchi, Hibiya, and Chiyoda Lines during the morning rush hour. Over 5,000 people are injured and 13 people are killed. All three lines cease operation for the whole day.
• 2000: The Namboku Line opens between Tameike-sanno Station and Meguro Station and the Toei Mita Line opens between Mita Station and Meguro Station, with both lines sharing infrastructure between Meguro Station and Shirokane-takanawa Station. Additionally, both lines start through service with the Tokyu Meguro Line.
• 2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority is privatized and renamed Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
• 2008: The Fukutoshin Line opens.
• 2013: The Fukutoshin Line starts through service with the Tokyu Toyoko Line.
• 2023: The Toei Mita Line, the Namboku Line, and the Fukutoshin Line start through service with the Tōkyū Shin-Yokohama Line, the Sōtetsu Shin-Yokohama Line, the Sōtetsu Main Line and the Izumino Line via the Tokyu Meguro Line and the Tokyu Toyoko Line.

  System administration

• For single rides across Metro and Toei systems, a special transfer ticket is required. It costs 70 yen less than the sum of the Metro fare and the Toei fare, calculated based on the shortest possible route between the origin and destination stations. The Passnet magnetic card system simplified such ticketing problems, by allowing one stored-fare card to be used on most of the rail operators in the Greater Tokyo Area. The new Pasmo system was introduced in 2007 and completely replaced the Passnet in 2008, finally allowing for one unified stored fare system for most of the Tokyo transit system, including JR East. The fare charged by the stored fare system may be slightly less than for users of paper tickets, as fares are calculated in ¥1 increments on stored fare cards whereas paper tickets are calculated at ¥10 increments.
• The systems represent the metro network differently in station, train, and customer information diagrams. For example, the represents the Toei Ōedo Line as a circle in the centre, whereas the saves the central ring line for the Marunouchi Line and the JR Yamanote Line. As well, each system's lines are generally rendered with thicker lines on their respective system maps.

  Reciprocal operation

Tokyo Metro

Toei Subway

Rolling stock