Through service


A through service is a concept of passenger transport that involves a vehicle travelling between lines, networks or operators on a regularly specified schedule, on which the passenger can remain on board without alighting. It may be in either of the following forms:
  • A service where the vehicle travels between different lines, or systems of infrastructurefor example, a through train service between the mainline and underground railways.
  • A service where the vehicle changes its identity en-route without requiring passengers to alightfor example, a through tram service which runs as route 1 initially, then runs as route 2 for the latter half of the journey.
The term through service may be extended to have a wider meaning encompassing a route which allows the passenger to travel without alighting, for example, in a route change announcement, if a route A-B and a route B-C is combined to A-B-C, it may be described as a new "through service" between A and C. This is in contrast with direct service, where a through service may be a circuitous route but allows the passenger on board for the whole circuitous journey. This is to be distinguished with operating arrangement which a vehicle changes its service route between revenue journeys at a terminus, but requires passengers to alight or retender fare.

Rail transport

A train on a through service may also be called a through train.
In operational terms, a through train is a train operated on different railway lines, possibly between different operators as well. This is usually accomplished through compatible infrastructure—identical track gauge and durability issues, rolling stock dimensions, curve speed and signaling compatibility, train station dimensions, tunnels and bridge dimensions and maximum weight, and power requirements. The exact terminology vary as usage; in the case of National Rail of the UK, a through train is one which may be used by a passenger to make their entire journey without changing trains.
However, the fact that a train travels on different lines, or even tracks of different operators, may not be obvious if it is operated within the same network from a passenger's perspective. For example, trains in China commonly travel between lines to service different destination, but only when it involves a change of train number as a result of changing from an up-line to another down-line, or vice versa, it is obvious to the passenger.

Australia

In mainland China, as train numbers are decided on the direction of track, with up trains having even train numbers and down trains having odd train numbers. If a services travel on tracks in different directions, the train number changes at the station where the train changes direction, creating a through service.
For example, the train service from Guangzhou to Lhasa operates between Guangzhou to Zhengzhou as Z264 on the up line, and changes to Z265 from Zhengzhou to Lhasa on the down line, and passengers can stay on board for the whole journey. If a ticket is bought across both section, both train numbers will be shown on the ticket.
Chinese cities operate several through services:
Several metro systems have through operation between lines.
  • Beijing Subway: Line 1 and Batong line: through service started August 29, 2021; Line 4 and Daxing line: most trains from Line 4 operates through service into the Daxing Line and all Daxing Line trains continue into Line 4; Line 9 and Fangshan line: through service started January 18, 2023.
  • Kunming Metro: Line 1 and Line 2 operate through service at South Ring Road station, until later phases of both lines open, henceforth splitting apart.
  • Nanjing Metro: some Line S1 trains through operate into Line S7.
  • Zhengzhou Metro: some trains from Line 2 operates through service into Chengjiao Line and vice versa.
  • Guangzhou Metro: some trains of Line 3's Main Branch and Northern Branch through operates. Normally, the Main branch operates trains from Haibang to Tianhe Coach Terminal stations, and the Northern branch operates trains from Tiyu Xilu to Airport North stations. However, some trains will through operate, running between from Haibang to Airport North. When Line 10 is opened, sections between Shipaiqiao and Tianhe Coach Terminal will be transferred to Line 10, making all services on Line 3 operating between Haibang to Airport North only.
  • Chongqing Rail Transit: Express trains of Line 4 and Loop Line started the through operation in September 2020. At first, the service route was from Tangjiatuo to Chongqing Library. In December 2021, the route of the Express train extended from Chongqing Library to Tiaodeng on Line 5.
  • Dalian Metro: Line 3 branch and Line 13 currently operate through service.
  • Suzhou Metro: through service between Line 3 and Line 11 began in late 2023 and Line 4 and Line 7 from Longdaobang to Muli stations via Hongzhuang from August 28, 2025.
  • Shenzhen Metro: Line 2 branch and Line 8 operate through services at Liantang station. Additionally, Line 8 trains are expected to through-run as Line 32 at Xichong station once the line opens in 2028.

    Hong Kong

  • Hong Kong MTR Light Rail: Vehicles of Route 614P and 615P continue to run onto each other's route after they arrive at the termini in Siu Hong and Tuen Mun Ferry Pier, effectively running on a loop line in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions.
  • Hong Kong MTR: Trains on MTR's Kwun Tong line may continue to run onto the southern half of Tsuen Wan line to Central if services on the northern half of the latter are disrupted. Likewise trains on Kwun Tong line may continue onto Tseung Kwan O line to Po Lam or North Point when service on the latter line is disrupted.

    France

Paris Réseau express régional:
  • RER A trains serving the Cergy and Poissy branches run on SNCF and RATP tracks.
  • RER B runs on SNCF and RATP tracks.
In both cases, trains run contiguously, thus providing a one-seat ride across both SNCF and RATP networks. To achieve smooth network crossing, RATP and SNCF jointly designed and ordered specific MI 79 rolling stock Change of drivers was compulsory at network boundaries until 2008 when one-driver cross-network runs were introduced.

Germany

In Germany, such services are called Durchbindung.

Japan

Through services are regularly scheduled train services owned by an operator which runs over tracks which it does not own. Many urban railways in Japan operate such services to increase ridership, increase convenience and simplicity, and reduce time to destinations by eliminating transfers through seamless connection. One example is a Narita-to-Haneda Airport Express service, which runs on four companies' tracks-Keikyu, Toei, Keisei, and Hokuso Railway. Despite fewer new lines in recent years as the system is mature, more through services are proliferating to reduce cross metropolitan area connection time, at least in theory.
A 2016 MLIT study has shown that minor train delays are quite commonplace in Greater Tokyo during rush hour, at odds with Japan's image of train punctuality. The reason for this is that the subway lines in particular are subject to heavier loads, and thus more delay as riders rush in at the last minute, and forcing final door closings to be delayed. The proliferation of through-services has only magnified the problem, as it acts as a double-edged sword, though convenient in not having to switch trains, central Tokyo delays increasingly cause a ripple effect to through services on suburban lines.

South Korea

Subway trains of Seoul Subway Line 1, Line 3 and Line 4 run through to Korail suburban lines. Suin Line and Bundang Line services were merged into the Suin-Bundang Line.

Russia

Russia operates regular scheduled through services with other countries:
  • Moscow-Beijing
  • Moscow-Sofia via Kyiv
  • Moscow-Nur-Sultan
  • Moscow-Ulan Bator

    United Kingdom

The mainline rail network in Great Britain, with a few exceptions, is owned and operated by Network Rail which organises its track into lines, such as South West Main Line and East Coast Main Line. A through service on the National Rail network running on the mainline rail is defined as a journey for which a change of train is not required. These trains commonly run through multiple lines of Network Rail for their journey.
In addition, there are also some through service across different infrastructure owners as well, which include: