Pomona, California


Pomona is a city in eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley, between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 151,713. The main campus of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, also known as Cal Poly Pomona, lies partially within Pomona's city limits, with the rest being located in the neighboring unincorporated community of Ramona.

History

Beginnings to 1880

At the time Spanish conquistadors first arrived in California, the Tongva people inhabited what is now Pomona and the LA Basin.
The city is named after Pomona, the ancient Roman goddess of fruit. For horticulturist Solomon Gates, "Pomona" was the winning entry in a contest to name the city in 1875, before anyone had ever planted a fruit tree there. The city was first settled by Ricardo Véjar and Ygnacio Palomares in the 1830s when California and much of the now-American Southwest were part of Mexico.
The first Anglo-Americans arrived prior to 1848 when the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo resulted in California becoming part of the United States. In 1864, the widow of Ygnacio Palomares of Rancho San José sold to Louis Phillips, a Jewish Prussian immigrant, who would shortly be known as "the richest man in Los Angeles County." He built the largest commercial building in Los Angeles central business district at the time, the Phillips Block, which would eventually house Hamburger's, the then-largest department store in the Western United States.

Spadra

Phillips sold a parcel of his land to William "Uncle Billy" Rubottom, in 1866 who founded a new town there and named it Spadra after his hometown, now part of Clarksville, Arkansas. The site of Spadra is west of the Pomona Station along Pomona Blvd. just east of the 57 Freeway. Spadra became a stagecoach stop, Rubottom built the Spadra Hotel and Tavern to serve travelers, and by 1870, Spadra had 400–500 residents, three stores, a school, and a post office. In 1873, Phillips convinced the Southern Pacific Railroad to build a line to Spadra. Phillips thought Spadra would become a great town, and built his Phillips Mansion there in 1875, which together with the Spadra Cemetery are the only two remnants of the town that still exist today. Fullerton's Main north–south road was named Spadra Road for its first 75 years, as long before the 57 Freeway it was the road through Brea Canyon to Spadra, and was later renamed Harbor Boulevard. The Southern Pacific Railroad had a terminus at Spadra, but the line was extended east to Colton, and Spadra lost momentum. In 1964, the area was annexed by Pomona.

1880–present

By the 1880s, the arrival of Coachella Valley water, together with railroad access, made it the western anchor of the citrus-growing region. Pomona was officially incorporated on January 6, 1888.
In the 1920s Pomona was known as the "Queen of the Citrus Belt", with one of the highest per-capita levels of income in the United States. In the 1940s it was used as a movie-previewing location for major motion picture studios to see how their films would play to modally middle-class audiences around the country.
Religious institutions are deeply embedded in the history of Pomona. There are now more than 120 churches, representing most religions in today's society. The historical architectural styles of these churches provide glimpses of European church design and architecture from other eras.
Pomona Mall was a downtown pedestrian mall, recognized by the Los Angeles Conservancy as an outstanding example of Mid-century modern and modern architecture and design. It was completed in 1962, one element in a larger plan of civic improvements covering the whole city. The eastern end is now part of the Western University of Health Sciences campus, while the western end now houses numerous art galleries, art studios and restaurants.
In 2005, Pomona citizens elected Norma Torres, the first woman of Guatemalan heritage to be elected to a mayoral post outside of Guatemala. Later, she would become a U.S. congresswoman representing California's 35th congressional district in 2015.

Geography

Pomona is east of Los Angeles in the Pomona Valley, located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, over 99% of it land.
Pomona is approximately east of downtown Los Angeles, north of Santa Ana, west of Riverside, and west of San Bernardino.
Pomona is bordered by the cities of San Dimas on the northwest, La Verne and Claremont on the north, Montclair and Chino on the east, Chino Hills and Diamond Bar on the south, Walnut, South San Jose Hills, and Industry on the southwest, and the unincorporated community of Ramona on the west. The Los Angeles/San Bernardino county line forms most of the city's southern and eastern boundaries.

Climate

Pomona has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, damp winters, and a large amount of sunshine year-round. Summers are characterized by sunny days and very little rainfall during June through September. Fall brings cooler temperatures and occasional showers, as well as seasonal Santa Ana winds originating from the northeast.

Demographics

Pomona first appeared as a city in the 1890 U.S. Census, the first incorporated place in the now defunct San Jose township.
Historical racial profile2010199019701950
White48.0%57.0%85.8%99.2%
—Non-Hispanic12.5%28.2%N/AN/A
Black or African American7.3%14.4%12.2%0.6%
Hispanic or Latino 70.5%51.3%15.4%N/A
Asian8.5%6.7%0.6%0.2%

Race / Ethnicity Pop 2000Pop 2010% 2000% 2010
White alone 25,34818,67215,66916.96%12.53%10.33%
Black or African American alone 13,83410,1078,1169.26%6.78%5.35%
Native American or Alaska Native alone 5053203860.34%0.21%0.25%
Asian alone 10,51812,30315,8537.04%8.25%10.45%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone 2472402350.17%0.16%0.15%
Other race alone 1832826970.12%0.19%0.46%
Mixed race or Multiracial 2,4681,9992,7131.65%1.34%1.79%
Hispanic or Latino 96,370105,135108,04464.47%70.53%71.22%
Total149,473149,058151,713100.00%100.00%100.00%

2020

The 2020 United States census reported that Pomona had a population of 151,713. The population density was. The racial makeup of Pomona was 21.0% White, 5.8% African American, 2.3% Native American, 10.7% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 41.3% from other races, and 18.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.2% of the population.
The census reported that 97.3% of the population lived in households, 1.6% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1.0% were institutionalized.
There were 42,050 households, out of which 42.0% included children under the age of 18, 47.3% were married-couple households, 8.1% were cohabiting couple households, 26.9% had a female householder with no partner present, and 17.7% had a male householder with no partner present. 15.8% of households were one person, and 6.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.51. There were 32,778 families.
The age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 18, 12.0% aged 18 to 24, 28.6% aged 25 to 44, 24.2% aged 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65years of age or older. The median age was 34.1years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males.
There were 43,352 housing units at an average density of, of which 42,050 were occupied. Of these, 53.0% were owner-occupied, and 47.0% were occupied by renters.
In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that the median household income was $78,869, and the per capita income was $28,131. About 11.5% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line.

2010

The 2010 United States census reported that Pomona had a population of 149,058, a slight decline from the 2000 census population. The population density was. The racial makeup of Pomona was 71,564 White, 10,924 African American, 1,763 Native American, 12,688 Asian of which is 2,217 Chinese, 2,938 Filipino, 443 Japanese, 633 Korean, 1,643 Vietnamese , 282 Pacific Islander, 45,171 from other races, and 6,666 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 105,135 persons.
The Census reported that 144,920 people lived in households, 2,782 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,356 were institutionalized.
There were 38,477 households, out of which 19,690 had children under the age of 18 living in them, 19,986 were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6,960 had a female householder with no husband present, 3,313 had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,823 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 299 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 5,810 households were made up of individuals, and 2,010 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.77. There were 30,259 families ; the average family size was 4.15.
The population was spread out, with 43,853 people under the age of 18, 20,155 people aged 18 to 24, 42,311 people aged 25 to 44, 31,369 people aged 45 to 64, and 11,370 people who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.5 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.
There were 39,620 housing units at an average density of, of which 21,197 were owner-occupied, and 17,280 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.9%. 80,968 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 63,952 people lived in rental housing units.
During 2009–2013, Pomona had a median household income of $49,474, with 21.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.